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This article analyses, as an example of the advertising of cosmetic products, a campaign launched by the US-American company “Johnson Soap” for their product, the facial soap “Palmolive”. Examining its ads of 1911 in which certain ancient exempla are employed, it becomes clear that the Palmyrene queen Zenobia and with her the semi-historical Semiramis and the more mythical Dido are aligned to the “1001 Nights” character Scheherazade. Since they are jointly labelled as “historically famous oriental queens” and because of the reference to Zenobia’s white skin, they fall into the fantasy of fair-skinned harem women and evoke thoughts of all the pleasures and comforts of the luxurious Orient. To the modern female customer of 1900 (well steeped in the knowledge of those ancient characters) Zenobia and the other exempla should serve as celebrities worth emulating. Above all they are deemed to be beautiful, and experts in cosmetics which would guarantee the effect of the product they are standing for. A finding that proves to be valid even in an advertising concept of today for the Syrian-German “Zhenobya-soap”.
Die Geschichte lebt!
(2020)
In „Die Geschichte lebt!“ skizziert der Autor fünf wichtige Prämissen zur erfolgreichen Entwicklung didaktischer Spielformen. Auf Basis seiner eigenen Tätigkeit als Game Designer exemplifiziert er diese anhand eigener digitaler und analoger Spielformen und erklärt anschaulich das eigene Vorgehen bei der Entwicklung von Serious Games und Lernspielen.
Recent advances in microscopy have led to an improved visualization of different cell processes. Yet, this also leads to a higher demand of tools which can process images in an automated and quantitative fashion. Here, we present two applications that were developed to quantify different processes in eukaryotic cells which rely on the organization and dynamics of the cytoskeleton.. In plant cells, microtubules and actin filaments form the backbone of the cytoskeleton. These structures support cytoplasmic streaming, cell wall organization and tracking of cellular material to and from the plasma membrane. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of cytoskeletal organization, dynamics and coordination, frameworks for the quantification are needed. While this is fairly well established for the microtubules, the actin cytoskeleton has remained difficult to study due to its highly dynamic behaviour. One aim of this thesis was therefore to provide an automated framework to quantify and describe actin organization and dynamics. We used the framework to represent actin structures as networks and examined the transport efficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyl cells. Furthermore, we applied the framework to determine the growth mode of cotton fibers and compared the actin organization in wild-type and mutant cells of rice. Finally, we developed a graphical user interface for easy usage. Microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton also play a major role in the morphogenesis of epidermal leaf pavement cells. These cells have highly complex and interdigitated shapes which are hard to describe in a quantitative way. While the relationship between microtubules, the actin cytoskeleton and shape formation is the object of many studies, it is still not clear how and if the cytoskeletal components predefine indentations and protrusions in pavement cell shapes. To understand the underlying cell processes which coordinate cell morphogenesis, a quantitative shape descriptor is needed. Therefore, the second aim of this thesis was the development of a network-based shape descriptor which captures global and local shape features, facilitates shape comparison and can be used to evaluate shape complexity. We demonstrated that our framework can be used to describe and compare shapes from various domains. In addition, we showed that the framework accurately detects local shape features of pavement cells and outperform contending approaches. In the third part of the thesis, we extended the shape description framework to describe pavement cell shape features on tissue-level by proposing different network representations of the underlying imaging data.
Taking its cue from the portrayal of Hercules as muscleman in both films and ancient sculpture this article turns to poetry as a verbal art and examines when and how the hero's body comes into focus in Roman epic and elegy. It is argued that moments of crisis contrasting Hercules’ state in a given situation to his former heroic achievements give rise to representations of his body, while epic fight scenes rather draw attention to the bodies of his inferior opponents. The body is described through references to different body parts, qualified by attributes as masculine in elegiac contexts. A somewhat exotic word as tori suffices to highlight the hero’s muscular body.
L’article contient l’édition critique d’un mémoire d’Alexander von Humboldt, intitulé: «Considérations sur l’atmosphère des tropiques, regardée comme objet de la pathologie chimique». Le texte a été écrit à Cuba, en 1801. Il fait partie d’un groupe de manuscrits, relatifs à la qualité de l’air dans les tropiques et aux maladies qui en découlent, portant un titre général: «C’est mon cahier de la Havanne intitulé sur la salubrité de l’air». Or A. v. Humboldt partageait alors les vues miasmatiques et il voyait, dans la qualité de l’air, l’origine des maladies que l’on dit aujourd’hui «infectieuses». L’accent y est posé sur la fièvre jaune qui occupait une place particulière dans l’horizon intellectuel et politique du début du XIXe siècle. Reste à ajouter que Humboldt se montre ici comme l’un des précurseurs de l’écologie moderne.
Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Möglichkeit, Computerspiele aufgrund der bildlichen Stilmittel parallel zu Entwicklungen der Kunstgeschichte zu untersuchen. Hierzu wird auf die Stilanalyse des Schweizer Kunstwissenschaftlers Heinrich Wölfflin zurückgegriffen, der den Wandel der realistischen Malerei von der Renaissance zum Barock am Übergang von ‚flachen‘ zu ‚tiefen‘ Darstellungen festmacht. In einem zeitlich wesentlich kürzeren Abstand lässt sich die gleiche Veränderung am Übergang früher realistischer Computerspiele vom Anfang der 1990er Jahre bis zu den 2000er Jahren feststellen. Damit zeigt sich sowohl die Relevanz der kunstgeschichtlichen Auseinandersetzung mit Computerspielen, wie sich auch eine neue Perspektive auf die Frage nach digitalen Spielen ‚als Kunst‘ eröffnet.
Caesar’s visit to the ruins of ancient Troy in Lucan’s Bellum Civile book IX is an invented story which deals with important metaliterary themes such as poetic fama and the poetry’s eternalizing function. Lucan’s narrative also reveals the instrumental nature of Caesarean and Augustan propaganda: the Neronian poet highlights some contradictions of the Aeneid, showing the failure of the political project celebrated by Vergil.
Epistula 46 is an invitation, written under the name of Paula and Eustochium, for Marcella to go to Bethlehem, by all means with the aim to stimulate positive interest in the Holy Land for a wider public and to inspire the urge to travel and sojourn. The narrative defines pilgrimage not only through biblical references but also familiarizes it through references to ancient pagan practices and pagan literature and makes it compatible with the lifestyle of Rome’s urban elites. While biblical references predominantly propagate Palestine’s spiritual appeal as a site of centuries-long salvation events, references to the classics – often combined with the expression or the stimulation of emotions – put the region’s social and intellectual appeal to the fore. The use of pagan literature, in which the traditions of educational travel of a cosmopolitan elite, the social utopia of aristocratic recessus, and not least the pleasure of otium aestheticised through literature are prefigurated, shapes Palestine in particular fashion as a place of longing. Especially the appeal of Bethlehem thus only forms through the combination of spiritual-intellectual visio and emotionally attractive social utopia, through conjunction of spelunca Christi and bucolic idyll.
Brothers: A Tale of Two Sons
(2020)
Bonner Stotterherapie
(2020)
Theocritus’ id. 4 has been considered by some scholars as an example of rural mime; the fact that the poem, a unique case in the Corpus Theocriteum, does not contain any pastoral song or contest contributes to the impression of ‘realism’. This lack could be an obstacle for the poetological approach to the bucolic genre in antiquity, which considers metapoetry as its main feature. Our reading of the idyll shows that this limitation is only apparent.
Though Humboldt’s travels to the Americas have been analyzed from a wide range of viewpoints, there are specific aspects that still await further investigation. Little is written about Humboldt in the field, specifically how he moved between different locations and simultaneously measured and mapped places and phenomena. The aim of this article is to discuss the triad movement-measure-ment-map that led to the development of specific practices of knowledge building on the move. Humboldt’s search for the connections between the watersheds of the Orinoco and the Amazon rivers and the resulting maps and drawings are used as an example to point out his cartographic impulse in his quest to understand and explain the physical world.
Im Jahre 1789 hatte Alexander von Humboldt als Student in Göttingen mit großem Enthusiasmus ein Manuskript zur „Weberei der Alten“ verfasst. Es war das Ziel seiner Studie, die Technologie und die Terminologie der antiken Weberei zu erfassen und beide Gebiete vereint darzustellen. Dieses Manuskript ist nicht veröffentlicht worden und gilt als verschollen. Alexander von Humboldt hatte offenbar neue Erkenntnisse gewonnen, denen er so große Bedeutung beimaß, dass er den Verlust seines Manuskriptes noch über 50 Jahre nach dessen Abfassung bedauerte. Humboldt benennt glücklicherweise in überlieferten Briefen verschiedene Grundgedanken seiner damaligen Arbeit. In der vorliegenden Studie wird unter Einbeziehung aktueller technikhistorischer Erkenntnisse nachgewiesen, dass der junge Alexander von Humboldt das für alle Webtechniken gültige Prinzip in seinen Grundzügen erkannt hatte.
En su breve visita a Canarias a finales del siglo XVIII, Alexander von Humboldt realizó interesantes observaciones sobre la geología de estas Islas. En relación con los fósiles inorgánicos, es decir, rocas y minerales, sus apreciaciones se enmarcan en sus estudios realizados en la Bergakademie de Freiberg, bajo la dirección de A. G. Werner, dentro del Neptunismo, y en sus experiencias en América e Italia. Aplicó en Canarias la universalidad de las formaciones geológicas wernerianas, algunas de las cuales creyó, erróneamente, haber observado en Tenerife, como la presencia de granitos o gneises. Humboldt estaba convencido de que el basalto
era de origen volcánico, y no se había formado por precipitación acuosa. Sería así uno de los más influyentes desertores del Neptunismo, y suscitó la visita a Canarias de numerosos geólogos a lo largo del siglo XIX.
This paper analyzes a specific section of Martial’s Apophoreta (Book 14), the ‘list’ of fourteen literary works that the poet-persona suggests to the reader as potentially suitable presents to give to friends on the occasion of the Saturnalia. It focuses strictly on the literary aspects of the poems and their underlying carnivalesque poetics. This includes an assessment of the logic of the poems’ arrangement and alleged inconsistencies. It is suggested that the section be read as a complex statement of Martial’s on various works and genres of Greek and Roman literature. The last couplet of the section (14.196), a certain Calvus’ work ‘On the use of cold water’ (De aquae frigidae usu), which is unidentifiable, receives particular attention, for previous scholarship has wasted a lot of ink on guessing what kind of work this may have been, thereby losing touch with the rich (meta-)poetics the couplet actually conveys.
Nach einer Einführung in die Geschichte der Strategiespiele und im Speziellen von 4X-Spielen wird das Phänomen der „Hands-off-Games“ erläutert. Im Anschluss wird ein Vorschlag unterbreitet, wie 4X-Geschichtsspiele im Unterricht eingesetzt werden können. Dabei soll ein 4X-Strategiespiel zu einem historischen Thema entworfen werden. Die Modellierung erfolgt in drei Arbeitsschritten: Themenfindung, Modellfindung, Parametrierung. In den Entwurf des Modells fließen viele Überlegungen ein, die zentrale Fragen der Gemeinschaftskunde betreffen.