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A dust cloud around Ganymede Maintained by hypervelocity impacts of interplanetary micrometeoroids
(2000)
Surface light emitting diodes SLEDs , in which previously microfabricated electrodes were coated with a conjugated polymer, were made with greatly different electrode spacings 250 nm and 10 or 20 mm and with different electrode material combinations. The fabrication process allowed us to compare several electrode materials. The SLED structures also enabled imaging of the light emission zone with fluorescence video microscopy. Conventional sandwich structures were also made for comparison electrode separation 50 nm. In this study, the emitting layer was poly[3- (2',5'-bis(1'',4'',7''trioxaoctyl)phenyl)-2,2'-bithiophene] (EO-PT), a conjugated polymer based on polythiophene with oligo ethyleneoxide side chains. The current-voltage (I(V)) and light-voltage (L(V)) characteristics of the SLEDs were largely insensitive to electrode separation except at high voltages, at which the current in the devices with the largest separations was limited. Sandwich structures had the same light output at a given current. Light could be obtained in forward and reverse bias from indium tin oxide ITO -aluminum, gold silicide-aluminum, and gold silicide-gold SLEDs, but the turn-on voltages were lowest with the ITO-aluminum devices, and these were also the brightest and most reliable. Adding salt to the EO-PT increased the current and brightness, decreased the turn-on voltages, and made the I(V) characteristics symmetric; thus, a device with an electrode separation of 10 mm had the extraordinarily low turn-on voltage of 6 V. The location of the light emission was at the electron-injecting contact.
New substituted 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles are reported as luminescent materials in light emitting diodes LEDs . The investigated new oxadiazoles show efficient blue and green emission in single layer devices. The combination with a hole transporting and red emitting polythiophene led to a white emission with higher quantum efficiency (QE).
We discuss heating and decoherencw in traps fpr ions and neutral paricles close to metallic surfaces. We focus on simple trap geometries and compute noise spectra of thermally excited electromagnetic fields. If the trap is located in the near field of the substrate, the field fluctuations are largely increased compared to the level of the blackbody field, leading to much shorter coherence and life times of the trapped atoms. The correspinding time constants are computed for ion traps and magnetic traps. Analytical estimates for the size dependence of the noise spectrum are given. We finally discuss prospects for the coherent transport of matter waves in integrated surface waveguides.
We analyze the spatial coherence of the electromagnetic field emitted by a half-space at temperature T close to the interface. An asymptotic analysis allows to identify three different contributions to the cross-spectral density tensor in the near-field regime. It is shown that the coherence length can be either much larger or much shorter than the wavelength depending on the dominant contribution.
Non-LTE models of WR winds
(2000)
The spectra of 18 WN stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) are quantitatively analyzed by means of "standard" Wolf-Rayet model atmospheres, using the helium and nitrogen lines as well as the spectral energy distribution. The hydrogen abundance is also determined. Carbon is included for a subset of 4 stars. The studied sample covers all spectral subtypes (WN2 ... WN9) and also includes one WN/WC transition object. The luminosities of the program stars span a wide range ( L/Lsun = 5.0 ... 6.5). Due to the given LMC membership, these results are free from uncertainties inferred from the distance. 50 % of the studied stars (both, late and early WN subtypes) have rather low luminosity (L/Lsun < 5.5). This puts tough constraints on their evolutionary formation. If coming from single stars, it provides evidence for strong internal mixing processes. The empirical mass-loss rates are scaled down by a factor of about two due to the impact of clumping, compared to previous studies adopting homogeneous winds. There is no obvious strong correlation between the mass-loss rates and other parameters like luminosity, temperature and composition. The stellar parameters for the present LMC sample are not systematically different from those of the Galactic WN stars studied previously with the same techniques, in contrast to the expected metallicity effects.
Seismic quiescence as an indicator for large earthquakes in a system of self-organized criticality
(2000)
Contents: 1 Introduction 2 Experiment 3 Data 4 Symbolic dynamics 4.1 Symbolic dynamics as a tool for data analysis 4.2 2-symbols coding 4.3 3-symbols coding 5 Measures of complexity 5.1 Word statistics 5.2 Shannon entropy 6 Testing for stationarity 6.1 Stationarity 6.2 Time series of cycle durations 6.3 Chi-square test 7 Control parameters in the production of rhythms 8 Analysis of relative phases 9 Discussion 10 Outlook
Improving the performance of doped p-conjugated polymers for use in organic light-emitting diodes
(2000)
We analyze the multi-time correlations of a laser-induced Bose Einstein condensate. We use quantum stochastic methods to obtain under certain circumstances a Fokker-Planck equation which describes the phase-difussion process, and obtain an analytical expression of the two-time correlations. We perform also quantum Monte Carlo numerical simulations of the correlations, which are in good agreement with the predicted analytical results.
We consider entanglement-assisted remote quantum state manipulation of bipartite mixed states. Several aspects are addressed: we present a class of mixed states of rank two that can be transformed into another class of mixed states under entanglement-assisted local operations with classical communication, but for which such a transformation is impossible without assistance. Furthermore, we demonstrate enhancement of the efficiency of purification protocols with the help of entanglement-assisted operations. Finally, transformations from one mixed state to mixed target states which are sufficiently close to the source state are contrasted with similar transformations in the pure-state case.
Quantum games
(2000)
In these lecture notes we investigate the implications of the identification of strategies with quantum operations in game theory beyond the results presented in [J. Eisert, M. Wilkens, and M. Lewenstein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3077 (1999)]. After introducing a general framework, we study quantum games with a classical analogue in order to flesh out the peculiarities of game theoretical settings in the quantum domain. Special emphasis is given to a detailed investigation of different sets of quantum strategies.
We establish a quantitative connection between the amount of lost classical information about a quantum state and the concomitant loss of entanglement. Using menthods that have been developed for the optimal purification of miced states, we find a class of miced states with known distillable entanglement. These results can be used to determine the quantum capacity of a quantum channel which randomizes the order of transmitted signals.
We investigate numerically the appearance of heteroclinic behavior in a three-dimensional, buoyancy-driven fluid layer with stress-free top and bottom boundaries, a square horizontal periodicity with a small aspect ratio, and rotation at low to moderate rates about a vertical axis. The Prandtl number is 6.8. If the rotation is not too slow, the skewed-varicose instability leads from stationary rolls to a stationary mixed-mode solution, which in turn loses stability to a heteroclinic cycle formed by unstable roll states and connections between them. The unstable eigenvectors of these roll states are also of the skewed-varicose or mixed-mode type and in some parameter regions skewed-varicose like shearing oscillations as well as square patterns are involved in the cycle. Always present weak noise leads to irregular horizontal translations of the convection pattern and makes the dynamics chaotic, which is verified by calculating Lyapunov exponents. In the nonrotating case the primary rolls lose, depending on the aspect ratio, stability to traveling waves or a stationary square pattern. We also study the symmetries of the solutions at the intermittent fixed points in the heteroclinic cycle.
Krasneralgebren
(2000)
Polymers at membranes
(2000)
The surface of biological cells consists of a lipid membrane and a large amount of various proteins and polymers, which are embedded in the membrane or attached to it. We investigate how membranes are influenced by polymers, which are anchored to the membrane by one end. The entropic pressure exerted by the polymer induces a curvature, which bends the membrane away from the polymer. The resulting membrane shape profile is a cone in the vicinity of the anchor segment and a catenoid far away from it. The perturbative calculations are confirmed by Monte-Carlo simulations. An additional attractive interaction between polymer and membrane reduces the entropically induced curvature. In the limit of strong adsorption, the polymer is localized directly on the membrane surface and does not induce any pressure, i.e. the membrane curvature vanishes. If the polymer is not anchored directly on the membrane surface, but in a non-vanishing anchoring distance, the membrane bends towards the polymer for strong adsorption. In the last part of the thesis, we study membranes under the influence of non-anchored polymers in solution. In the limit of pure steric interactions between the membrane and free polymers, the membrane curves towards the polymers (in contrast to the case of anchored polymers). In the limit of strong adsorption the membrane bends away from the polymers.