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Zur Einführung
(2007)
Zum Umschlag der Gefühle
(2007)
Zukunftstechnologien
(2007)
Ziesar : Franziskaner
(2007)
Zerstörungsfreie Tomographie von Raumladungs- und Polarisationsverteilungen mittles Wärmepulsen
(2007)
Non-destructive, three-dimensional imaging of space-charge and polarization distributions in electret materials has been implemented by means of laser-induced thermal pulses. In pyroelectric films of poled poly(vinylidene fluoride), images of up to 45 x 45 pixels with a depth resolution of less than 0.5 mu m and a lateral resolution of 40 mu m were recorded, the latter being limited by fast thermal diffusion in the absorbing metallic front electrode. Initial applications include the analysis of polarization distributions in corona-poled piezoelectric sensor cables and the detection of patterned space-charge distributions in polytetrafluoroethylene films.
Wissen erfolgreich managen
(2007)
Wilhelm von Humboldts Netzwerk mit Intellektuellen und Politikern in Paris : Annäherung und Distanz
(2007)
The present article examines (1) the networks that the jurist, state theorist, anthropologist and education theorist Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835) established with French intellectuals and politicians during his two stays (1789, 1797-1801) in Paris and (2) the influences and receptions that were made possible by networks between Humboldt and his contacts. I am adopting the network definition formulated by Zijderveld: "a set of reciprocal, usually informal, often rather anonymous bonds between actors (individuals or collectivities), which is set up and maintained for the promotion of private interests, and usually lacks a fixed, vertical hierarchy of power. " Networks are structured as dyads, triads, sub-groups and groups. Humboldt's Paris diaries and his exchanges of letters with Schiller (1759- 1805) and Goethe (1749-1832) will be cited as sources. It will be the task of subsequent studies to establish whether any letters from Humboldt's French contacts to Humboldt (and vice versa), or any diaries that belonged to them, exist. Hence, the present article analyses the relationships between Humboldt and his contacts from Humboldt's perspective only. The results of this study may be summarised as follows: it is not surprising that the young Humboldt did not establish any networks during his first stay in Paris in August 1789. Later on, however, the relationship deepened between Humboldt and Mirabeau (1749-1791), with whom he became acquainted during the course of his visit. In his work on the theory of the state, Ideen zum einem Versuch, die Grdnzen der Wirksamkeit des Staats zu bestimmen (1792), Humboldt examined the suggestions contained in Mirabeau's reflections on reform in Travail sur l'education publique (1791). In his work, Humboldt radicalised Mirabeau's ideas with a view to ensuring that education remained free from state influence. It was only during his second journey to Paris that Humboldt established an intensive network. As there are gaps in his diary, it is likely that some information on his network is missing. Furthermore, he twice interrupted his stay in Paris to travel to Spain (Autumn 1799-Spring 1800, 1801). Of the 99 people he met, only those whom he met more than once will be taken into consideration in this article. The list of the remaining 33 people will be arranged as dyads, triads and sub-groups, depending on the frequency of the contacts. As it is only possible to speak of a network if the interacting persons are working in the same areas and share the same interests, these will be analysed. The results deserve mention here: one area is the philosophy of Kant (1724 -1804), which was decisive in providing a basis for Humboldt's educational theory. Fundamental differences between Humboldt and his contacts are evident here. These differences prompted Humboldt to study the sensualis, writings of Condillac (1715-1780), who was mentioned by Humboldt's contact partners as an antipode to Kant. A second area consists of his discourses on state theory and education. Having assimilated (as a result of his contact to Mirabeau during his first stay in Paris) Mirabeau's writing on public education in his education theory, Humboldt evidently devoted himse (-through the mediation of his contact partners-to Condorcet's (1743-1794) draftfor the entire structure of the French educational system (1792). The question is discussed whether Humboldt was subsequently influenced by Condorcet in his-Humboldt's-plan (1809) to form, step by step, the 1 -ussian education system. The result of the research into Humboldt's entire network ith French intellectuals and politicians can be summarised as follows: in the domain of philosophy (Kant, Condillac), there is no sign of the opposing parties coming together, only of differences; whereas in his own education theory and policy, Humboldt assimilated the influences of Mirabeau and (most likely) Condorcet, too: convergence and distance.
Vorwort
(2007)
Vorwort
(2007)
Vorwort
(2007)
Objectives: The prospective longitudinal Mannheim Study of Children at Risk followed the development of children from the age of 2 years up to the age of 8 years. Are there differences between the developmental risk load in toddlers (psychopathology, cognition, motor or neurological development. and educational differences) who suffer from a hyperactive disorder at age 8 and that of undisturbed children of the same age? Are there specific harbingers of hyperkinetic disorders for the group concerned? Methods: In terms of their developmental risk load at the age of 2 years, 26 primary school children with hyperkinetic disorders were compared to 241 healthy primary school children, as well as to 25 children of the same age with emotional disturbances and 30 children of the same age with socially disruptive behavior. Results: A significant combination of predictors of later hyperkinetic disorders at primary school age proved to be increased fidgetiness and irritability, as well as a reduced language comprehension, at the age of two. Conclusions: The predictive value of symptoms in early childhood for later hyperkinetic disorder in children of primaryschool age is higher than that of symptoms assessed in infancy, which although expected is without relevant specificity.
Objectives: Are there any differences (organic, psychosocial, psychopathological, cognitive or educational, respectively differences in the motor or neurological development) between infants who later on at the age of 8 years suffer from a hyperactive disorder and those who later on at the same age are undisturbed? Are there specific harbingers for hyperactive disorders in the group concerned? Methods: With regard to their developmental risk load at the age of 3 months, 26 primary school children with hyperactive disorders were compared with 241 healthy children, 25 children with emotional disturbances, and 30 children with socially disruptive behaviour, all of the same age. Results: Identified as the most important predictors for the onset of hyperactive disorders were a reduced birth weight, the mother's origin from a shattered family, early contact impairments on the part of the child, and the mother's neglect of the infant. Conclusions: Altogether, however, the prediction of later hyperactivity in primary school children on the basis of salient features in the infant children remains unsatisfactory and unspecific.
Die in diesem Band aufgefächerten Itinerarien des Handelsreisenden wie des Exilanten, die Gestaltungsformen in der Fremdsprache wie der Muttersprache, die Korrespondenzen mit Weggefährten und befreundeten Künstlern, mit Übersetzern und Vermittlern, mit politischen Freunden und Feinden bietet dem Leser erstmals eine umfassende Annäherung an die wichtigsten Werke dieses modernen Klassikers der spanischen Literatur. Reich bebildert und mit teilweise erstmals veröffentlichten Originaldokumenten illustriert, macht dieses Buch eine unbeugsame Persönlichkeit sichtbar, die sich auch in den Extremsituationen und Grenzerfahrungen von Lager, Flucht und Exil stets durch ihr Schreiben am Leben erhielt.
Through space NMR shieldings of aromatic (benzene, mono-substituted and annelated benzenes, ferrocene, [14]- and [18]-annulenes, phenylenes and tetra- to heptahelicene) and anti-aromatic molecules (cyclobutadiene and pentalene) were assessed by ab initio molecular-orbital calculations. Employing the nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) concept, these through space NMR shieldings were visualized as iso-chemical-shielding surfaces (ICSSs) and can be applied quantitatively to determine the stereochemistry of proximal nuclei. In addition, the distances in Å at ICSS values of ±0.1 ppm in-plane and perpendicular-to-center of the aromatic ring system were employed as a simple means to compare and estimate qualitatively the aromaticity of the systems at hand.
Der BGH schreibt die ueberlieferte Rechtsfigur der verdeckten Sasheinlage im Aktienrecht noch einmal zusammenfassend fest. Tilman Bezzenberger (JZ 2007, 946) stimmt dem Urteil im Ergebnis und in der Begruendung zu, ruft aber auch in Erinnerung, dass der Gerechtigkeitsgehalt der zu Grunde liegenden Gesetzesregeln fragwuerdig ist.
Valeologie
(2007)
Investigation of the ectoparasitic fauna (Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae; Diptera: Nycteribiidae; Heteroptera: Cimicidae) on bats in Brandenburg, Germany (part 2). The current investigation of bats in summer and winter quarters took place in addition to the study of Scheffler and Ressler (2005) and supplied new data for spreading and host spectrum of fleas and bat flies. With Penicillidia monoceros Speiser, 1900 on Myotis daubentoni a species of bat fly was found, which was not known in brandenburg (Germany) before. The proof of the flea species Nycteridopsylla longiceps Rothschild, 1908 at Pipistrellus pipistrellus is only the third detection in Brandenburg after 1911 and 1964. With Barbastella barbastellus the spectrum of examinated bats was extended. This species was parasitized by two flea species. On four species of bats also bugs (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)could be caught in summer quarters, which belong to the species Cimex dissimilis (Horvat, 1910). The causes of varying parasitizing rates with different species of fleas and bat flies are discussed.
The trithiocarbonate 2-(benzylsulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanyl) propanoic acid is formed as minor by-product in the synthesis of the dithioester 2-((2-phenylthioacetyl)sulfanyl) propanoic acid via the Grignard route. The mechanism for this side reaction is not clear. The isolated trithiocarbonate may act as unsymmetrical but bifunctional RAFT agent in the aqueous polymerization of N,N-dimethyl acrylamide. Therefore, it is important to separate it completely from the dithioester before engaging the latter in controlled free radical polymerization to guarantee a maximum control.
The title compound, bis(5-methylthio-1,2-dithiole-3-thione)-disulfide, was yielded for the first time as by- product of the reaction of nickel(II) and cobalt(II) ions with 5-methylthio-1,2-dithiole-3-thione-4-thiolate. The compound can be obtained directly by oxidation of the ammonium salt of the ligand. C8H6S10 forms three polymorphs: (I), which crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121, (II) and (III), which crystallize in the monoclinic space groups P21/c and P21/n, respectively. The crystal and molecular structures are presented here. The determination of the absolute configuration of (I) indicated the P-helical enantiomer. In contrast to this, the crystals of (II) und (III) are racemic, containing P- and M-helical enantiomers. The polymorphs differ in the kind of skewing around the disulfide bond and of the positions of the both dithiole rings to the S-S-moiety
Multinuclear dynamic NMR spectroscopy of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-1,3,5-oxadiazinane (3) revealed the existence of two conformers with differently oriented CF3 groups with respect to the ring, and two dynamic processes: ring inversion and restricted rotation about the N-S bond. Two transition states connecting the two conformers and corresponding to clockwise and counterclockwise rotations about the N-S bond were found; the calculated activation barriers of about 12 kcal/mol are in excellent agreement with those measured experimentally for the related molecule 1,3,5-tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-1,3,5-triazinane (1). X-ray analysis proved the existence of the symmetric isomer of 3, which is the minor isomer in solutions but the only one in the crystal due to packing effects. The normal Perlin effect (JCHax < JCHeq)observed for 2(6)-CH2 in 3, whereas the reversed Perlin effect was found for the 4-CH2 group in 3 as well as for all CH2 groups in 1 both experimentally and theoretically. The latter effect in compounds 1, 3, and 1- (methylsulfonyl)-3,5-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-1,3,5-triazinane (2) can be considered as a genuine reverse Perlin effect since larger values of 1JCH are observed for longer C-H bonds.
We study possible interrelations between the 300-year record of the yearly sunspot numbers and the solar inertial motion (SIM) using the recently developed technique of synchronization analysis. Phase synchronization of the sunspot cycle and the SIM is found and statistically confirmed in three epochs (1734-1790, 1855-1875 and 1907-1960) of the whole period 1700-2000. These results give quantitative support to the hypothesis that there is a weak interaction between the solar activity and the SIM.
The power of business
(2007)
The Pacific Solution meets Fortress Europe : Emerging Parallels in Transnational Refugee Regimes
(2007)
The mode of nutrition of mixotrophic flagellates determines the food quality for their consumers
(2007)
Fixation durations in reading are longer for within-word fixation positions close to word center than for positions near word boundaries. This counterintuitive result was termed the Inverted-Optimal Viewing Position (IOVP) effect. We proposed an explanation of the effect based on error-correction of mislocated fixations [Nuthmann, A., Engbert, R., & Kliegl, R. (2005). Mislocated fixations during reading and the inverted optimal viewing position effect. Vision Research, 45, 2201-2217], that suggests that the IOVP effect is not related to word processing. Here we demonstrate the existence of an IOVP effect in "mindless reading", a G-string scanning task. We compare the results from experimental data with results obtained from computer simulations of a simple model of the IOVP effect and discuss alternative accounts. We conclude that oculornotor errors, which often induce mislocalized fixations, represent the most important source of the IOVP effect. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Focus Feature Revisited
(2007)