Refine
Year of publication
- 2016 (258) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (203)
- Doctoral Thesis (21)
- Postprint (18)
- Other (10)
- Review (4)
- Habilitation Thesis (2)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (258)
Keywords
- Magellanic Clouds (8)
- Sun: magnetic fields (6)
- intergalactic medium (6)
- methods: data analysis (6)
- stars: Wolf-Rayet (6)
- techniques: spectroscopic (6)
- galaxies: formation (5)
- stars: atmospheres (5)
- turbulence (5)
- X-rays: binaries (4)
- general relativity (4)
- stars: winds, outflows (4)
- techniques: polarimetric (4)
- Debye screening (3)
- Galaxy: center (3)
- Sun: photosphere (3)
- acceleration of particles (3)
- azobenzene (3)
- critical phenomena (3)
- diffusion (3)
- electromagnetic radiation (3)
- electrostatic interactions (3)
- galaxies: evolution (3)
- gravity (3)
- instabilities (3)
- laser pulses (3)
- linearized gravity (3)
- magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) (3)
- methods: observational (3)
- plasmas (3)
- polyelectrolyte adsorption (3)
- pp-wave solutions (3)
- quasars: absorption lines (3)
- radiation mechanisms: non-thermal (3)
- stars: evolution (3)
- stars: magnetic field (3)
- stars: massive (3)
- surveys (3)
- Anomalous diffusion (2)
- BL Lacertae objects: general (2)
- Brownian motion (2)
- Diffusion (2)
- Electronic and spintronic devices (2)
- Electrophoretic deposition (2)
- HII regions (2)
- Scher-Montroll transport (2)
- Semiconductors (2)
- Sun: corona (2)
- Sun: flares (2)
- Synchronization (2)
- Transformation toughening (2)
- X-rays: stars (2)
- anomalous diffusion (2)
- astrophysics (2)
- binaries: general (2)
- brushes (2)
- chaotic neural dynamics (2)
- climate change (2)
- cortical network models (2)
- cortical oscillations (2)
- dust, extinction (2)
- films (2)
- galaxies: active (2)
- gamma rays: galaxies (2)
- gamma rays: general (2)
- gamma-rays: general (2)
- genomic DNA conformation (2)
- global jets (2)
- globular clusters: individual: NGC 6397 (2)
- gradients (2)
- helical magnetic fields (2)
- hierarchical modular networks (2)
- history and philosophy of astronomy (2)
- hydrodynamics (2)
- hypersound (2)
- intrinsic neuronal diversity (2)
- irregular firing activity (2)
- kinetic instabilities (2)
- kink instability (2)
- optical manipulation (2)
- particle-in-cell simulations (2)
- photocontrol (2)
- photosensitive surfactants (2)
- pulsars: general (2)
- relativistic jets (2)
- relativistic processes (2)
- self-sustained activity (2)
- stars: AGB and post-AGB (2)
- stars: abundances (2)
- stars: early-type (2)
- stars: individual: WR 102c (2)
- stars: variables: Cepheids (2)
- stars: variables: general (2)
- sunspots (2)
- techniques: imaging spectroscopy (2)
- techniques: photometric (2)
- tracking (2)
- transport (2)
- ultrafast (2)
- up-down states (2)
- vulnerability (2)
- waves (2)
- (Z)-isomer (1)
- 3-D diffusion simulation (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Anharmonizität (1)
- Arctic atmosphere (1)
- Astrophysik (1)
- Azobenzene (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 421 (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 501 (1)
- Bastille Day geomagnetic storm (1)
- Biomechanics (1)
- Blue stars (1)
- Bose-Einstein condensate (1)
- Bose-Hubbard model (1)
- Brillouin scattering (1)
- Brownian nanomachines (1)
- CAL-72 osteoblasts (1)
- CH center dot center dot center dot F hydrogen bonds (1)
- Cartilage tissue engineering (1)
- Chemokinematik der Milchstraße (1)
- Chromhexacarbonyl (1)
- Classroom management (1)
- Crack deflection (1)
- Cycle-averaged tilt angle (1)
- DNA methylation (1)
- DNA supercoiling (1)
- DNA-protein binding (1)
- Dehydrothermal cross linking (1)
- Dilational rheology (1)
- Dissertation (1)
- Donor materials (1)
- Drop profile analysis tensiometry (1)
- Eisenpentacarbonyl (1)
- Entstehung der Milchstraße (1)
- Evolution der Milchstraße (1)
- FRAP (1)
- Faltung von Proteinen (1)
- Galaxien (1)
- Galaxien bei hoher Rotverschiebung (1)
- Gelatin-PLGA Scaffold (1)
- Genregulation (1)
- Gold-Nanopartikel (1)
- Gravitationswellen (1)
- Half-center oscillator (1)
- Hodgkin-Huxley model (1)
- Hydraulic models (1)
- Hydraulic networks (1)
- Hydroclimate (1)
- ISM: Turbulence (1)
- ISM: Turbulenz (1)
- ISM: abundances (1)
- ISM: clouds (1)
- ISM: molecules (1)
- ISM: supernova remnants (1)
- Information coding (1)
- Infrared observations (1)
- Inhibitory neurons (1)
- Instructional quality (1)
- Integralfeldspektroskopie (1)
- Josephson junction (1)
- Kosmologie (1)
- Kuramoto model (1)
- L-929 fibroblasts (1)
- LOFAR (1)
- Layer-by-layer (1)
- Levy flights (1)
- Lipid bilayer (1)
- Local Group (1)
- Low voltage losses (1)
- MHD (1)
- Magnetohydrodynamik (1)
- Maximum entropy method (1)
- Mediation-model (1)
- Mikrometeorologie (1)
- Milky Way chemo-kinematics (1)
- Milky Way evolution (1)
- Milky Way formation (1)
- Mixed adsorption layers (1)
- Molecular crowding (1)
- Moleküldynamik (1)
- Multilayer (1)
- Neural network (1)
- Noether theorem (1)
- Non-Gaussian (1)
- Non-linear analysis (1)
- Odor discrimination (1)
- Olfactory system (1)
- Outflows (1)
- Pedagogical professional knowledge (1)
- Phononen (1)
- Phononenstreuung (1)
- Photodissoziation (1)
- Photoelektronen (1)
- Photosensitive azobenzene containing polyamines (1)
- Photosensitive brushes (1)
- Pipe networks (1)
- Plasmaphysik (1)
- Plasmonics (1)
- Poly-epsilon-caprolactone (1)
- Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (1)
- Polymer/surfactant interaction (1)
- Porous scaffold (1)
- Post-inhibitory rebound (1)
- Probability (1)
- Professional knowledge (1)
- Protein (1)
- Protein crowding (1)
- Pseudodatensätze (1)
- Pump-Probe Spektroskopie (1)
- Quasare (1)
- RAVE Beobachtungskampagne (1)
- RAVE survey (1)
- Radiative transfer (1)
- Radioburst (1)
- Radiocarbon (1)
- Rat model (1)
- Rayet (1)
- Reactive foaming (1)
- Release (1)
- SEGUE Beobachtungskampagne (1)
- SEGUE survey (1)
- Scher-Montroll Transport (1)
- Simulations (1)
- Sonne (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Spektroskopie (1)
- Spike sequences (1)
- Spiralgalaxien: Magnetfelder (1)
- Stalagmite (1)
- Stars: atmospheres early type (1)
- Stars: mass-loss (1)
- Stars: winds (1)
- Stellar winds (1)
- Stellardynamik (1)
- Stochastic modelling (1)
- Strontium (1)
- Sublimation with good yield (1)
- Sun: activity (1)
- Sun: atmosphere (1)
- Sun: chromosphere (1)
- Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) (1)
- Sun: filaments (1)
- Sun: filaments, pominences (1)
- Sun: sunspots (1)
- Talbot-Lau interferometry (1)
- Theorie (1)
- Thermoakustik (1)
- Thermodynamics of adsorption (1)
- Thermophon (1)
- Tilt angles (1)
- Trace elements (1)
- Tropics (1)
- Turbulenzmessung (1)
- Typ III (1)
- Van Allen Probes (1)
- Venus, surface (1)
- Wartezeitverteilung (1)
- Water distribution systems (1)
- Water/air interface (1)
- Wechselwirkung (1)
- X-ray emission spectra (1)
- X-ray mu CT (1)
- X-ray refraction (1)
- X-ray scattering (1)
- XMCD (1)
- Yttria stabilized zirconia (1)
- Yttria stabilized zirconia multilayers (1)
- Zufallsbewegung (1)
- accretion, accretion disks (1)
- active transport (1)
- advective-diffusive codes (1)
- allgemeine Relativitätstheorie (1)
- anomalous dynamics with memory (1)
- anti-Stokes resonant x-ray raman scattering (1)
- arktische Atmosphäre (1)
- astrobiology (1)
- astrochemistry (1)
- astroparticle physics (1)
- atmospheric boundary layer (1)
- atmosphärische Grenzschicht (1)
- atomic data (1)
- atomtronics (1)
- azobenzene containing polymer films (1)
- azobenzene containing surfactants (1)
- bacterial swimming (1)
- bi-photons (1)
- bifurcation (1)
- binaries: close (1)
- binaries: symbiotic (1)
- binaries: visual (1)
- black hole physics (1)
- blue stragglers (1)
- bond (1)
- cell wall deficient mutant (1)
- chaos (1)
- charge accumulation (1)
- charge carrier transport (1)
- charge transfer (1)
- chromatin (1)
- chromium hexacarbonyl (1)
- coherence (1)
- collective dynamics (1)
- comb-like model (1)
- conduction (1)
- conductivity (1)
- conservation laws (1)
- continuous time random walk (1)
- coronal mass ejections (CMEs) (1)
- cosmic ray dynamo (1)
- cosmic ray theory (1)
- cosmic rays (1)
- cosmology (1)
- cosmology: observations (1)
- coupled oscillators (1)
- crosslinking (1)
- crowded fluids (1)
- crystalline ordering (1)
- current voltage analysis (1)
- damage (1)
- dark matter theory (1)
- dielectric properties (1)
- dissertation (1)
- distance scale (1)
- diurnal rhythm (1)
- domain memory in polymer brushes (1)
- dynamics (1)
- dynamo theory (1)
- eingefrorene Energielandschaft (1)
- elastomers (1)
- electric field noise (1)
- electron number density (1)
- entanglement (1)
- enzymatic activity (1)
- enzymatische Reaktionen (1)
- epigenetics (1)
- errata, addenda (1)
- excited state selectivity (1)
- extraterrestrial intelligence (1)
- femtosecond slicing (1)
- ferroelectric polymer (1)
- field-effect-transistor (1)
- first arrival (1)
- first passage (1)
- first passage process (1)
- first passage time (1)
- fluctuating surfaces (1)
- fluctuation dissipation (1)
- fluctuation-dissipation theorem (1)
- food security (1)
- free electron lasers (1)
- free shear layers (1)
- galactic astronomy (1)
- galaktische Astronomie (1)
- galaxies (1)
- galaxies: ISM (1)
- galaxies: abundances (1)
- galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium (1)
- galaxies: halos (1)
- galaxies: high-redshift (1)
- galaxies: individual: 1ES 1741+196=VER J1744+195 (1)
- galaxies: individual: SMC (1)
- galaxies: jets (1)
- galaxies: star clusters: general (1)
- gene expression (1)
- generalised Langevin equation (1)
- globular clusters: individual: (SMASH 1) (1)
- globular clusters: individual: 47 Tucanae (1)
- gravitational waves (1)
- group field theory (1)
- großräumige Strukturen (1)
- halo (1)
- heat diffusion (1)
- high harmonic (1)
- high harmonic generation (1)
- high redshift galaxies (1)
- histone modifications (1)
- infrared: galaxies (1)
- infrared: stars (1)
- inner magnetosphere (1)
- inner radiation zone and slot region (1)
- instability control (1)
- integrability (1)
- integral field spectroscopy (1)
- ion trap (1)
- ionic conductivity (1)
- ionic liquids (1)
- ionogels (1)
- ionosphere (1)
- iron pentacarbonyl (1)
- kosmische Strahlung Dynamo (1)
- large-scale structure formation (1)
- ligand (1)
- light driven reversible change of surface topography and thickness (1)
- line: identification (1)
- line: profiles (1)
- linear response theory (1)
- linker histones (1)
- liquid crystal alignment (1)
- magnetic fields (1)
- magnetic flux tubes (1)
- magnetohydrodynamics (1)
- massive Schwarze Löcher (1)
- massive black holes (1)
- mean squared displacement (1)
- mechanical properties (1)
- metal carbonyls (1)
- meteorological extremes (1)
- micrometeorology (1)
- microstructure (1)
- mock data catalogues (1)
- molecular crowding (1)
- molecular doping (1)
- molecular dynamics (1)
- morphology (1)
- motion of adsorbed nano-particles (1)
- mu CT imaging (1)
- nanoscale friction and thermal noise (1)
- nanostructures (1)
- neural networks (1)
- nichlineare Phononik (1)
- nichtlineare Dynamo (1)
- nichtlineare Wellenmischung (1)
- noise in biochemical signalling (1)
- non-local field theory (1)
- nonliear dynamo (1)
- nonlinear acoustics (1)
- nonlinear microscopy (1)
- nucleosome (1)
- numerical experiments (1)
- numerical schemes (1)
- optical pump (1)
- organic semiconductors (1)
- organic solar cells (1)
- orientation of azobenzenes in polymer brushes (1)
- oscillator populations (1)
- outflows (1)
- particle physics - cosmology connection (1)
- perturbation theory (1)
- phase grating (1)
- phase separation (1)
- photo electron spectroscopy (1)
- photoacoustic effect (1)
- photoakustischer Effekt (1)
- photodissociation (1)
- photosensitive brushes (1)
- photosynthesis (1)
- physical chemistry (1)
- planetary nebulae: general (1)
- planets and satellites: fundamental parameters (1)
- planets and satellites: individual: Jupiter (1)
- plasma physics (1)
- plasmaspheric hiss (1)
- plasmonics (1)
- predator-prey model (1)
- probability density function (1)
- proper motions (1)
- protein folding (1)
- pulsars: individual (PSR J1023+0038) (1)
- pump-probe (1)
- quantum effects (1)
- quantum eraser (1)
- quantum optics (1)
- quasars (1)
- quasars: general (1)
- quasars: individual (SDSS J142253.31-000149) (1)
- quasars: individual (SDSS J213748+001220, SDSS J215200+062516) (1)
- quasi-periodic oscillation (1)
- quenched energy landscape (1)
- radiative transfer (1)
- radio burst (1)
- random search process (1)
- random walks (1)
- recurrence (1)
- regional climate modelling (1)
- regionale Klimamodellierung (1)
- remanent polarisation (1)
- remodelers (1)
- resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (1)
- second-harmonic generation (1)
- self-steepening (1)
- semiconducting polymers (1)
- sensors and actuators (1)
- single-cell analysis (1)
- single-file motion (1)
- solar wind (1)
- spiral galaxies: magnetic fields (1)
- stars: Wolf (1)
- stars: emission-line, Be (1)
- stars: formation (1)
- stars: individual ( KIC 8462852) (1)
- stars: individual (LS I+61 degrees 303, VER J0240+612) (1)
- stars: individual (gamma Cassiopeiae) (1)
- stars: individual (zeta Oph, BD+43 degrees 3654) (1)
- stars: individual (zetaPup) (1)
- stars: individual: CPD-57 degrees 3509 (1)
- stars: individual: RE 0457-281 (1)
- stars: individual: RE 0503-289 (1)
- stars: individual: WR 102ka (1)
- stars: individual: WR 134 (1)
- stars: individual: WR 137 (1)
- stars: individual: WR 138 (1)
- stars: individual: WR 6 (1)
- stars: jets (1)
- stars: kinematics and dynamics (1)
- stars: mass-loss (1)
- stars: neutron (1)
- stars: oscillations (1)
- stars: winds (1)
- stellar dynamics (1)
- stellar physics (1)
- stochastic models (1)
- stochastic processes (1)
- sudden stratosphere warming (1)
- sun (1)
- supergiants (1)
- supernovae: individual (G0.9+0.1) (1)
- supersymmetry and cosmology (1)
- surface deformation (1)
- synchronization (1)
- synchrotron imaging (1)
- techniques: image processing (1)
- techniques: radial velocities (1)
- teleconnections (1)
- telescopes (1)
- theory (1)
- thermoacoustic effect (1)
- thermoacoustics (1)
- thermoakustischer Effekt (1)
- thermodynamic efficiency (1)
- thermophone (1)
- topologically associated domains (1)
- trade shocks (1)
- tropical cyclones (1)
- tunneling (1)
- turbulence control (1)
- turbulence measurement (1)
- type III (1)
- ultracold atoms (1)
- ultrafast X-ray diffraction (1)
- ultrafast dynamics (1)
- ultrafast photochemistry (1)
- ultrafast spectroscopy (1)
- ultraschnelle Dynamik (1)
- virtual observatory tools (1)
- visibility (1)
- white dwarfs (1)
- x-ray diffraction (1)
- zweite Harmonische (1)
Institute
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (258) (remove)
Gravity dictates the structure of the whole Universe and, although it is triumphantly described by the theory of General Relativity, it is the force that we least understand in nature. One of the cardinal predictions of this theory are black holes. Massive, dark objects are found in the majority of galaxies. Our own galactic center very contains such an object with a mass of about four million solar masses. Are these objects supermassive black holes (SMBHs), or do we need alternatives? The answer lies in the event horizon, the characteristic that defines a black hole. The key to probe the horizon is to model the movement of stars around a SMBH, and the interactions between them, and look for deviations from real observations. Nuclear star clusters harboring a massive, dark object with a mass of up to ~ ten million solar masses are good testbeds to probe the event horizon of the potential SMBH with stars. The channel for interactions between stars and the central MBH are the fact that (a) compact stars and stellar-mass black holes can gradually inspiral into the SMBH due to the emission of gravitational radiation, which is known as an “Extreme Mass Ratio Inspiral” (EMRI), and (b) stars can produce gases which will be accreted by the SMBH through normal stellar evolution, or by collisions and disruptions brought about by the strong central tidal field. Such processes can contribute significantly to the mass of the SMBH. These two processes involve different disciplines, which combined will provide us with detailed information about the fabric of space and time. In this habilitation I present nine articles of my recent work directly related with these topics.
The cell interior is a highly packed environment in which biological macromolecules evolve and function. This crowded media has effects in many biological processes such as protein-protein binding, gene regulation, and protein folding. Thus, biochemical reactions that take place in such crowded conditions differ from diluted test tube conditions, and a considerable effort has been invested in order to understand such differences.
In this work, we combine different computationally tools to disentangle the effects of molecular crowding on biochemical processes. First, we propose a lattice model to study the implications of molecular crowding on enzymatic reactions. We provide a detailed picture of how crowding affects binding and unbinding events and how the separate effects of crowding on binding equilibrium act together. Then, we implement a lattice model to study the effects of molecular crowding on facilitated diffusion. We find that obstacles on the DNA impair facilitated diffusion. However, the extent of this effect depends on how dynamic obstacles are on the DNA. For the scenario in which crowders are only present in the bulk solution, we find that at some conditions presence of crowding agents can enhance specific-DNA binding. Finally, we make use of structure-based techniques to look at the impact of the presence of crowders on the folding a protein. We find that polymeric crowders have stronger effects on protein stability than spherical crowders. The strength of this effect increases as the polymeric crowders become longer. The methods we propose here are general and can also be applied to more complicated systems.
Changes in extratropical storm track activity and their implications for extreme weather events
(2016)
This publications-based thesis summarizes my contribution to the scientific field of ultrafast structural dynamics. It consists of 16 publications, about the generation, detection and coupling of coherent gigahertz longitudinal acoustic phonons, also called hypersonic waves. To generate such high frequency phonons, femtosecond near infrared laser pulses were used to heat nanostructures composed of perovskite oxides on an ultrashort timescale. As a consequence the heated regions of such a nanostructure expand and a high frequency acoustic phonon pulse is generated. To detect such coherent acoustic sound pulses I use ultrafast variants of optical Brillouin and x-ray scattering. Here an incident optical or x-ray photon is scattered by the excited sound wave in the sample. The scattered light intensity measures the occupation of the phonon modes.
The central part of this work is the investigation of coherent high amplitude phonon wave packets which can behave nonlinearly, quite similar to shallow water waves which show a steepening of wave fronts or solitons well known as tsunamis. Due to the high amplitude of the acoustic wave packets in the solid, the acoustic properties can change significantly in the vicinity of the sound pulse. This may lead to a shape change of the pulse. I have observed by time-resolved Brillouin scattering, that a single cycle hypersound pulse shows a wavefront steepening. I excited hypersound pulses with strain amplitudes until 1% which I have calibrated by ultrafast x-ray diffraction (UXRD).
On the basis of this first experiment we developed the idea of the nonlinear mixing of narrowband phonon wave packets which we call "nonlinear phononics" in analogy with the nonlinear optics, which summarizes a kaleidoscope of surprising optical phenomena showing up at very high electric fields. Such phenomena are for instance Second Harmonic Generation, four-wave-mixing or solitons. But in case of excited coherent phonons the wave packets have usually very broad spectra which make it nearly impossible to look at elementary scattering processes between phonons with certain momentum and energy.
For that purpose I tested different techniques to excite narrowband phonon wave packets which mainly consist of phonons with a certain momentum and frequency. To this end epitaxially grown metal films on a dielectric substrate were excited with a train of laser pulses. These excitation pulses drive the metal film to oscillate with the frequency given by their inverse temporal displacement and send a hypersonic wave of this frequency into the substrate. The monochromaticity of these wave packets was proven by ultrafast optical Brillouin and x-ray scattering.
Using the excitation of such narrowband phonon wave packets I was able to observe the Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) of coherent phonons as a first example of nonlinear wave mixing of nanometric phonon wave packets.
What are the physical laws of the mutual interactions of objects bound to cell membranes, such as various membrane proteins or elongated virus particles? To rationalise this, we here investigate by extensive computer simulations mutual interactions of rod-like particles adsorbed on the surface of responsive elastic two-dimensional sheets. Specifically, we quantify sheet deformations as a response to adhesion of such filamentous particles. We demonstrate that tip-to-tip contacts of rods are favoured for relatively soft sheets, while side-by-side contacts are preferred for stiffer elastic substrates. These attractive orientation-dependent substrate-mediated interactions between the rod-like particles on responsive sheets can drive their aggregation and self-assembly. The optimal orientation of the membrane-bound rods is established via responding to the elastic energy profiles created around the particles. We unveil the phase diagramme of attractive–repulsive rod–rod interactions in the plane of their separation and mutual orientation. Applications of our results to other systems featuring membrane-associated particles are also discussed.
What are the physical laws of the mutual interactions of objects bound to cell membranes, such as various membrane proteins or elongated virus particles? To rationalise this, we here investigate by extensive computer simulations mutual interactions of rod-like particles adsorbed on the surface of responsive elastic two-dimensional sheets. Specifically, we quantify sheet deformations as a response to adhesion of such filamentous particles. We demonstrate that tip-to-tip contacts of rods are favoured for relatively soft sheets, while side-by-side contacts are preferred for stiffer elastic substrates. These attractive orientation-dependent substrate-mediated interactions between the rod-like particles on responsive sheets can drive their aggregation and self-assembly. The optimal orientation of the membrane-bound rods is established via responding to the elastic energy profiles created around the particles. We unveil the phase diagramme of attractive–repulsive rod–rod interactions in the plane of their separation and mutual orientation. Applications of our results to other systems featuring membrane-associated particles are also discussed.
We investigate the ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacements for particle diffusion in a simple model for disordered media by assuming that the local diffusivity is both fluctuating in time and has a deterministic average growth or decay in time. In this study we compare computer simulations of the stochastic Langevin equation for this random diffusion process with analytical results. We explore the regimes of normal Brownian motion as well as anomalous diffusion in the sub- and superdiffusive regimes. We also consider effects of the inertial term on the particle motion. The investigation of the resulting diffusion is performed for unconfined and confined motion.
We investigate the ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacements for particle diffusion in a simple model for disordered media by assuming that the local diffusivity is both fluctuating in time and has a deterministic average growth or decay in time. In this study we compare computer simulations of the stochastic Langevin equation for this random diffusion process with analytical results. We explore the regimes of normal Brownian motion as well as anomalous diffusion in the sub- and superdiffusive regimes. We also consider effects of the inertial term on the particle motion. The investigation of the resulting diffusion is performed for unconfined and confined motion.
Can the statistical properties of single-electron transfer events be correctly predicted within a common equilibrium ensemble description? This fundamental in nanoworld question of ergodic behavior is scrutinized within a very basic semi-classical curve-crossing problem. It is shown that in the limit of non-adiabatic electron transfer (weak tunneling) well-described by the Marcus–Levich–Dogonadze(MLD) rate the answer is yes. However, in the limit of the so-called solvent-controlled adiabatic electron transfer, a profound breaking of ergodicity occurs. Namely, a common description based on the ensemble reduced density matrix with an initial equilibrium distribution of the reaction coordinate is not able to reproduce the statistics of single-trajectory events in this seemingly classical regime. For sufficiently large activation barriers, the ensemble survival probability in a state remains nearly exponential with the inverse rate given by the sum of the adiabatic curve crossing (Kramers) time and the inverse MLD rate. In contrast, near to the adiabatic regime, the single-electron survival probability is clearly non-exponential, even though it possesses an exponential tail which agrees well with the ensemble description. Initially, it is well described by a Mittag-Leffler distribution with a fractional rate. Paradoxically, the mean transfer time in this classical on the ensemble level regime is well described by the inverse of the nonadiabatic quantum tunneling rate on a single particle level. An analytical theory is developed which perfectly agrees with stochastic simulations and explains our findings.