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Inhalt: 1. Einleitung 2. Leistungsdifferenzierung im tripartite System und die Diskussion überdie Übergangsauslese 2.1. Zur Geschichte der Übergangsauslese 2.2. Die Ausleseverfahren 2.3. Die Debatte um die Abhängigkeit der Intelligenz von Anlageund Umwelt 2.4. Das Problem der Konstanz des Intelligenzquotienten 2.5. Die Forderung nach equality of educational opportunity 2.6. Der intellektualistische Akzent der ll+-Prüfung 2.7. Psychohygienische Argumente in der Diskussion über diell+-Prüfung 2.8. Die Validität der Übergangsauslese 2.8.1. Das Kriterienproblem 2.8.2. Die 11+-Prüfung in ihrer Gesamtheit 2.8.3. Die einzelnen Verfahren 3. Leistungsdifferenzierung in comprehensive schools 3.1. Einleitung 3.1.1. Zur Datengewinnung 3.1.2. Zur Definition der comprehensive school 3.2. Formen und Verfahren der Differenzierung in comprehensiveschools 3.2.1. Differenzierungsformen 3.2.2. Differenzierungsverfahren 3.3. Die Bewährung des Differenzierungssystems der comprehensiveschools 3.3.1. Methodische Probleme der Bewährungskontrolle 3.3.2. Leistungsniveau 3.3.3. Durchlässigkeit 3.4. Die These vom Leistungsvorteil homogener Gruppen 3.5. „Non-streaming" in comprehensive schools Schlußbemerkung
Inhalt: - Wieviel Spiel gibt es in den Grundschulen? - Wozu dienen die Spiele imUnterricht der Grundschule? - Spiele zur Belohnung und zur Erholung - Spiele für Ordnung und Disziplin - Spiele zur Übung und zur Veranschaulichung(Spiele als Hilfsmittel des Lernens) - Lernen durch Spiel - Spiele zur Problembewältigung - Haben Spiele das Lernen in der Schule verändert?
Pädagogische Diagnostik
(1980)
Inhalt: 2.1. Einleitung 2.2. Das deutsche Schulsystem 2.2.1. Die Grundstruktur 2.2.2. Zur Entwicklung des Schulwesens 2.2.3. Die Schüler 2.2.4. Die Lehrer 2.3. Die Schule von innen 2.3.1. Rahmenbedingungen des Unterrichts 2.3.2. Unterrichtsinhalte 2.3.3. Unterrichtsmethoden 2.3.4. Leistungsbeurteilung 2.3.5. Außerunterrichtliche Angebote und soziale Erfahrungen in der Schule 2.4. Anmerkungen und Literatur
Inhalt: 1. Eigenschaften psychologischer Tests - Objektivität - Normen - Reliabilität oder Zuverlässigkeit - Validität oder Gültigkeit 2. Anwendung psychologischer Tests - Auslese - Fehler - Kriteriumsverhalten und Selektionsstrategie - Klassifikation - Forschung 3. Aufwand für die Testkonstruktion 4. Zusammenfassung
School performance and adjustment of Greek remigrant students in the schools of their home country
(1992)
This study explores the adjustment of Greek remigrant students in Greek public schools after their families' return to Greece from the Federal Republic of Germany. Teacher and self-rating instruments were used, and achievement and language competence data were obtained. The sample consisted of 13- to 15-year-old junior high school students in northern Greece. The remigrant students were divided into two groups ("early return" and "late return"), based on the year of return to Greece. The control group consisted of all the local classmates of these students. Remigrant students (mainly late return) were found to experience difficulties mainly in the language/learning domain and less in the interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior domains.
Classical semiconductor physics has been continuously improving electronic components such as diodes, light-emitting diodes, solar cells and transistors based on highly purified inorganic crystals over the past decades. Organic semiconductors, notably polymeric, are a comparatively young field of research, the first light-emitting diode based on conjugated polymers having been demonstrated in 1990. Polymeric semiconductors are of tremendous interest for high-volume, low-cost manufacturing ("printed electronics"). Due to their rather simple device structure mostly comprising only one or two functional layers, polymeric diodes are much more difficult to optimize compared to small-molecular organic devices. Usually, functions such as charge injection and transport are handled by the same material which thus needs to be highly optimized. The present work contributes to expanding the knowledge on the physical mechanisms determining device performance by analyzing the role of charge injection and transport on device efficiency for blue and white-emitting devices, based on commercially relevant spiro-linked polyfluorene derivatives. It is shown that such polymers can act as very efficient electron conductors and that interface effects such as charge trapping play the key role in determining the overall device efficiency. This work contributes to the knowledge of how charges drift through the polymer layer to finally find neutral emissive trap states and thus allows a quantitative prediction of the emission color of multichromophoric systems, compatible with the observed color shifts upon driving voltage and temperature variation as well as with electrical conditioning effects. In a more methodically oriented part, it is demonstrated that the transient device emission observed upon terminating the driving voltage can be used to monitor the decay of geminately-bound species as well as to determine trapped charge densities. This enables direct comparisons with numerical simulations based on the known properties of charge injection, transport and recombination. The method of charge extraction under linear increasing voltages (CELIV) is investigated in some detail, correcting for errors in the published approach and highlighting the role of non-idealized conditions typically present in experiments. An improved method is suggested to determine the field dependence of charge mobility in a more accurate way. Finally, it is shown that the neglect of charge recombination has led to a misunderstanding of experimental results in terms of a time-dependent mobility relaxation.