Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (428) (remove)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Postprint (225)
- Doctoral Thesis (193)
- Habilitation Thesis (8)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (1)
- Master's Thesis (1)
Language
- English (428) (remove)
Keywords
- Nanopartikel (19)
- nanoparticles (15)
- Selbstorganisation (12)
- self-assembly (11)
- DNA origami (10)
- thermoresponsive (7)
- Polymerchemie (6)
- RAFT (6)
- Synthese (6)
- block copolymer (6)
- ionic liquids (6)
- porous materials (6)
- synthesis (6)
- water (6)
- Blockcopolymer (5)
- Blockcopolymere (5)
- biomaterials (5)
- block copolymers (5)
- green chemistry (5)
- hydrogel (5)
- luminescence (5)
- polymer (5)
- Bioraffinerie (4)
- DNA Origami (4)
- Elektrokatalyse (4)
- FRET (4)
- Katalyse (4)
- Korrosion (4)
- LIBS (4)
- Lumineszenz (4)
- Polymer (4)
- SERS (4)
- Tenside (4)
- adsorption (4)
- anomalous diffusion (4)
- biomass (4)
- carbon nitride (4)
- copolymers (4)
- corrosion (4)
- energy storage (4)
- heterogeneous catalysis (4)
- living cells (4)
- nachhaltige Chemie (4)
- nanoparticle (4)
- nanostructures (4)
- polymer chemistry (4)
- polyzwitterion (4)
- poröse Materialien (4)
- ring-opening polymerization (4)
- surfactants (4)
- thermoresponsiv (4)
- Adsorption (3)
- Biomasse (3)
- Chitooligosaccharide (3)
- Chitooligosaccharides (3)
- Diodenlaserspektroskopie (3)
- Energiespeicher (3)
- Fluoreszenz-Resonanz-Energie-Transfer (3)
- Förster resonance energy transfer (3)
- Immunoassay (3)
- Kohlendioxid (3)
- Kohlenhydrate (3)
- Kohlenstoff (3)
- Kohlenstoffnitriden (3)
- Kolloid (3)
- Massenspektrometrie (3)
- Metallnitride (3)
- Nanoparticles (3)
- Photochemie (3)
- Photoionisation (3)
- Photokatalyse (3)
- Polyelektrolyte (3)
- Polymere (3)
- Vesikel (3)
- binding (3)
- biomineralization (3)
- biorefinery (3)
- carbohydrates (3)
- carbon (3)
- carbon nitrides (3)
- catalysis (3)
- composites (3)
- controlled radical polymerization (3)
- crystal structure (3)
- crystallization (3)
- glucose oxidation (3)
- heterogene Katalyse (3)
- heterogene Photokatalyse (3)
- heterogeneous photocatalysis (3)
- hydrogels (3)
- infection pathway (3)
- ionic liquid (3)
- ionothermal synthesis (3)
- ligand (3)
- low-energy electrons (3)
- lower critical solution temperature (3)
- mass spectrometry (3)
- metal nitrides (3)
- metal-organic frameworks (3)
- micelle (3)
- micelles (3)
- models (3)
- nucleation (3)
- perovskite solar cells (3)
- photocatalysis (3)
- polyelectrolyte (3)
- polymerization (3)
- polymers (3)
- polypeptide (3)
- quantum dots (3)
- selectivity (3)
- shape (3)
- sol-gel (3)
- surface (3)
- surface modification (3)
- sustainable chemistry (3)
- theoretical chemistry (3)
- theoretische Chemie (3)
- zinc (3)
- 3D printing (2)
- ATRP (2)
- Abbau (2)
- Ammoniak (2)
- Antifouling (2)
- Beschichtungen (2)
- Bindung (2)
- Cellulose (2)
- Chitinase (2)
- Chitosan (2)
- Colloid Chemistry (2)
- DNA radiation damage (2)
- Electrocatalysis (2)
- Elektronendynamik (2)
- Emulsion (2)
- Energietransfer (2)
- Europium (2)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (2)
- Formgedächtnis (2)
- Funktionalisierung (2)
- Funktionalisierung <Chemie> (2)
- Förster-Resonanzenergietransfer (2)
- Gasadsorption (2)
- Glycosylation (2)
- Grenzflächen (2)
- Grüne Chemie (2)
- Hydrogel (2)
- Hydrothermale Karbonisierung (2)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (2)
- Ionenmobilitätsspektrometrie (2)
- Ionic liquids (2)
- Ionische Flüssigkeiten (2)
- Isotopenverhältnis (2)
- Juvenile hormone (2)
- Katalysatoren (2)
- Kohlenstoffmaterialien (2)
- Kohlenstoffnitride (2)
- Kolloidchemie (2)
- Komposite (2)
- Kristallisation (2)
- Lanthanoide (2)
- Leguminosae (2)
- Lignin (2)
- Lipide (2)
- Mesokristalle (2)
- Mizelle (2)
- Mizellen (2)
- Molekulardynamik (2)
- Monoschicht (2)
- NCA (2)
- Nanostrukturen (2)
- Nanotechnologie (2)
- Oberflächenchemie (2)
- PCA (2)
- Peptide (2)
- Peptides (2)
- Perowskit-Solarzellen (2)
- Plasmonik (2)
- Polyelektrolyt (2)
- Polymer chemistry (2)
- Polymerisation (2)
- Polypeptid (2)
- Polyzwitterion (2)
- Porous carbon (2)
- Quantenpunkt (2)
- Quantenpunkte (2)
- RAFT-Polymerisation (2)
- Raman (2)
- SAXS (2)
- Salts (2)
- Salz (2)
- Salzschmelze-Templating (2)
- Selektivität (2)
- Sol-Gel (2)
- Solarzellen (2)
- Spektroskopie (2)
- Struktur (2)
- Synthesis (2)
- Transmembranprotein (2)
- Ultrazentrifuge (2)
- Wasser (2)
- Zwitterionen (2)
- air-water interface (2)
- antifouling (2)
- aqueous-solution (2)
- arsenolipids present (2)
- assemblies (2)
- assembly (2)
- azobenzene (2)
- biodegradable polymers (2)
- biomaterial (2)
- boronic acid (2)
- calcium carbonate (2)
- calcium phosphate (2)
- carbon dioxide (2)
- carbon dots (2)
- carbon materials (2)
- carbon monoxide (2)
- carbon-dioxide (2)
- carbon-dioxide capture (2)
- catalysts (2)
- cellulose (2)
- chitosan (2)
- clusters (2)
- cod-liver (2)
- colloid (2)
- colloids (2)
- complexes (2)
- controlled polymerization (2)
- degradation (2)
- detector development (2)
- diode laser spectroscopy (2)
- dissociative electron attachment (2)
- dye (2)
- dye removal (2)
- dynamics (2)
- electrocatalysis (2)
- electrochemistry (2)
- electron dynamics (2)
- enzyme (2)
- europium (2)
- fatty-acids (2)
- films (2)
- functionalization (2)
- gas adsorption (2)
- gold nanoparticles (2)
- graphene (2)
- grüne Chemie (2)
- heteroatom-doped carbons (2)
- heteroatoms (2)
- hierarchical porosity (2)
- hierarchische Porosität (2)
- hydrolysis (2)
- hydrothermal (2)
- identification (2)
- in-situ (2)
- intracellular-transport (2)
- ion mobility spectrometry (2)
- ionic conductivity (2)
- ionische Flüssigkeiten (2)
- isomerization (2)
- kontrollierte Polymerisation (2)
- kontrollierte radikalische Polymerisationen (2)
- langevin equation (2)
- lanthanides (2)
- liquid-phase catalysis (2)
- magnetic nanoparticles (2)
- manganese (2)
- mesocrystals (2)
- metal oxides (2)
- methyl orange (2)
- methylene blue (2)
- microcontact printing (2)
- microwave synthesis (2)
- miniemulsion (2)
- mixtures (2)
- molecular dynamics (2)
- molecular switches (2)
- molecules (2)
- molekulare Schalter (2)
- nanolenses (2)
- nonaqueous synthesis (2)
- organic chemistry (2)
- organic synthesis (2)
- organische Synthese (2)
- organosilica (2)
- oxygen reduction reaction (2)
- perovskite (2)
- phase-transitions (2)
- photochemistry (2)
- photoionization (2)
- photoisomerization (2)
- physiological consequences (2)
- plasmonics (2)
- poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (2)
- poly(lactic acid) (2)
- polyelectrolytes (2)
- polyesters (2)
- polysoaps (2)
- polysulfobetaine (2)
- polyzwitterions (2)
- porous carbon (2)
- protein (2)
- protein-polymer conjugate (2)
- proteins (2)
- quantum dynamics (2)
- random-walks (2)
- redox chemistry (2)
- reduction (2)
- reference material (2)
- resonance energy-transfer (2)
- ringöffnende Polymerisation (2)
- salt (2)
- salt melt templating (2)
- salts (2)
- sclerotization (2)
- sensitivity (2)
- simulations (2)
- single-particle tracking (2)
- size (2)
- soil (2)
- solar cells (2)
- sorption (2)
- spectroscopy (2)
- structure (2)
- structure elucidation (2)
- sulfur (2)
- supercapacitors (2)
- surfaces (2)
- synthetic biology (2)
- system (2)
- systems (2)
- thermoresponsive Polymere (2)
- thermoresponsive polymer (2)
- thermoresponsive polymers (2)
- transmembrane protein (2)
- upconversion (2)
- vesicle (2)
- vesicles (2)
- visible-light (2)
- water treatment (2)
- wettability (2)
- "Reactive Flux" Ratenkonstanten (1)
- "Spacer"-Gruppe (1)
- (S)-Elatadihydrochalcone (1)
- (S)-Lupinifolin 4´-methyl ether (1)
- 1,2-dithiooxalate (1)
- 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (1)
- 2-Azaspiro[4.5]deca-1-ones (1)
- 2-Thiodisaccharide (1)
- 2-Thiodisaccharides (1)
- 2D material (1)
- 2D-LC-MS/MS (1)
- 2D-Material (1)
- 3-color fret (1)
- 3-mercaptopropionic acid (1)
- 315 nm (1)
- 473 nm (1)
- 5'-neolignane (1)
- 8 (1)
- 946 nm (1)
- ABC triblock copolymer (1)
- ACC (1)
- ADMET (1)
- AOT bilayer (1)
- ATCUN motif (1)
- Acids (1)
- Actuator (1)
- Additive (1)
- Adsorbatschwingungen (1)
- Adsorptionsaktivität (1)
- Aerogele (1)
- Aerogels (1)
- African medicinal plants (1)
- Afrikanische Heilpflanzen (1)
- AgI (1)
- Aggregation (1)
- Aktivierungsentropie (1)
- Aktuator (1)
- Alkylpyridinium salts (1)
- Alkylpyridinium-Salze (1)
- All-Carbon-Kompositen (1)
- Aluminiumlegierung (1)
- Aluminiumoberfläche (1)
- Amin (1)
- Amine (1)
- Aminosäuren (1)
- Ammonia (1)
- Amphiphile (1)
- Amphiphilic Polymers (1)
- Amphiphilic diblock copolymers (1)
- Amphiphilic polymers (1)
- Amyloid peptide (1)
- Analytische Ultrazentrifugation (1)
- Anisotrope Kolloide (1)
- Anode (1)
- Antikörper-Färbung (1)
- Assemblierung (1)
- Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (1)
- Aufarbeitung von Fruktose (1)
- Aufkonversion (1)
- Azobenzene (1)
- Azobenzol (1)
- Bariumtitanat (1)
- Benetzung (1)
- Benzoboroxol (1)
- Beschallung (1)
- Beschichtungsanwendung (1)
- Beta-Lactoglobulin (1)
- Betulin (1)
- Biobased Polymers (1)
- Biobasierte Polymere (1)
- Biochromophore (1)
- Bioconjugation (1)
- Biohybrid-Membran (1)
- Bioinspiration (1)
- Biokompatibilität (1)
- Biokonjugate (1)
- Biokonjugation (1)
- Biological activity (1)
- Biomass (1)
- Biomasseverwertung (1)
- Biomaterial (1)
- Biomaterialien (1)
- Biomineralisation (1)
- Biomineralisierung (1)
- Biomodification (1)
- Biophotonik (1)
- Biorefinery (1)
- Biosensoren (1)
- Biosynthesis (1)
- Block Copolymer (1)
- Block-Copolymere (1)
- Block-copolymer (1)
- Blockcopolymervesikel (1)
- Bodengas (1)
- Boronsäure (1)
- Brewsterwinkel-Mikroskopie (1)
- Brownian motion (1)
- C-C Bindungsknüpfung (1)
- C-C bond formation (1)
- C-reactive (1)
- C1N1 (1)
- CN (1)
- CN materials (1)
- CN-Materialien (1)
- CO2 capture (1)
- CO2-Abscheidung (1)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (1)
- Calcium (1)
- Calciumcarbonat (1)
- Carbide (1)
- Carbides (1)
- Carbohydrate (1)
- Carbohydrates (1)
- Carbon (1)
- Carbon materials (1)
- Carbonitrides (1)
- Carbonization (1)
- Catalysis (1)
- Cd-free (1)
- Cer Ammonium Nitrat (CAN) (1)
- Cereals (1)
- Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) (1)
- Ceroxid (1)
- Chalkogenide (1)
- Characterisation (1)
- Charakterisierung (1)
- Chemical Sensors (1)
- Chemical Synthesis (1)
- Chemie (1)
- Chemische Synthese (1)
- Chiralität <Chemie> (1)
- Chitolectins (1)
- Chitolektine (1)
- Cholesterin (1)
- Chromatographie (1)
- Cis- and trans-form (1)
- Citrazinsäure (1)
- Click Chemistry (1)
- Click chemistry (1)
- Cluster (1)
- Co-Nonsolvency (1)
- Coating Applications (1)
- Cobalt (1)
- Cobalt Nanopartikeln (1)
- Collagen (1)
- Collagenase (1)
- Collision cross-section (1)
- Composites (1)
- Configuration (1)
- Confinement (1)
- Confocal microscopy (1)
- Conformation (1)
- Copolymere (1)
- Corpora allata (1)
- CsPbI3 (1)
- Cu doped InP (1)
- Cu-dotiertes InP (1)
- Cytochrome C (1)
- DBD (1)
- DFT (1)
- DFTB3 (1)
- DNA (1)
- DNA Nanostrukturen (1)
- DNA Schädigung (1)
- DNA damage (1)
- DNA damage response (1)
- DNA nanostructures (1)
- DNA origami nanoantennas (DONA) (1)
- DNA repair (1)
- DNA strand breaks (1)
- DNA-Origami (1)
- DNS (1)
- Debus-Radziszewski polymerization (1)
- Decorin (1)
- Defektchemie (1)
- Defekte (1)
- Degradation (1)
- Deoxyfructosazin (1)
- Derris trifoliata (1)
- Design (1)
- Detektor (1)
- Detektor-Entwicklung (1)
- Detektorentwicklung (1)
- Diamondoide (1)
- Dichtematrixtheorie offener Systeme (1)
- Differential mobility analysis (DMA) (1)
- Differentielle Mobilitätsanalyse (DMA) (1)
- Diffusionsbarriere (1)
- Dihydrobenzofurane (1)
- Dihydroxyaceton (1)
- Dilatations-Viskoelastizität (1)
- Dimensionsstabilität (1)
- Dissoziation (1)
- Dissoziative Elektronenanlagerung (1)
- Disulfide (1)
- Doppelschichtstruktur (1)
- Doppelstrangbruch (1)
- Doppelt hydrophile Blockcopolymere (1)
- Drug Delivery (1)
- Dynamik der Adsorption (1)
- Einkapselung (1)
- Einkristalle (1)
- Einzelatomkatalyse (1)
- Einzelmoleküldetektion (1)
- Einzelstrangbruch (1)
- Eisen (1)
- Eisen-Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhrchen-Katalysatoren (1)
- Electrochemistry (1)
- Electronic materials (1)
- Elektrochemie (1)
- Elektrolytempfindlichkeit (1)
- Elektronenkorrelation (1)
- Elektronentomographie (1)
- Elektrospinnen (1)
- Emulsion Polymerization (1)
- Emulsionen (1)
- Emulsionspolymerisation (1)
- Enegieanwendungen (1)
- Energiespeichermechanismus (1)
- Energieumwandlung (1)
- Energy Applications (1)
- Energy Transfer (1)
- Enzym (1)
- Enzyme (1)
- Enzyme inhibitor (1)
- Equisetum hyemale (1)
- Erneuerbare Ressourcen (1)
- Falten (1)
- Farbstoff (1)
- Faser (1)
- Ferrofluid (1)
- Festkörperstruktur (1)
- Festphasensynthese (1)
- Fettsäure (1)
- Fettsäuren (1)
- FhuA (1)
- Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (1)
- Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese (1)
- Flavanone (1)
- Fluorchemie (1)
- Fluorescence imaging (1)
- Fluorescent probes (1)
- Fluoreszenz (1)
- Fluorierte Blockcopolymere (1)
- Fluorpolymere (1)
- Flüssig-/flüssig-Grenzflächen (1)
- Flüssigkeitszerstäubung (1)
- Flüssigphasenkatalyse (1)
- Fokker-Planck equations (1)
- Formate (1)
- Formose (1)
- Freistehende Membranen (1)
- Frequenzaufkonversion (1)
- Functionalization (1)
- Fungi (1)
- Funktionalisierung von Katalysatoren (1)
- Fällungsreaktion (1)
- Förster Resonanz Energie Transfer (1)
- Förster-Resonanz-Energie-Transfer (1)
- G quadruplexes (1)
- GIXD (1)
- Gadolinium (1)
- Gas Sorption (1)
- Gaspermeation (1)
- Gelatin (1)
- Gelatine (1)
- Gele (1)
- Gelieren (1)
- Gleichgewicht der Adsorption (1)
- Glucose (1)
- Glukose Oxidation (1)
- Glukoseoxidation (1)
- Glycopeptoid (1)
- Glycosylierung (1)
- Glykochemie (1)
- Glykogele (1)
- Glykokonjugat (1)
- Glykokonjugate (1)
- Glykolipide (1)
- Glykomonomer (1)
- Glykopeptid (1)
- Glykopolymer (1)
- Glykopolymer-Elektrolyt (1)
- Glykopolymere (1)
- Glykosylierung (1)
- Gold nanoparticles (1)
- Gold-Kohlenstoff-Katalysatoren (1)
- Goldnanopartikel (1)
- Graphen (1)
- Green Chemistry (1)
- Grenzfläche Lösung/Tetradecan (1)
- Grenzflächenaktivität (1)
- Grenzflächenchemie (1)
- Group Transfer polymerisation (1)
- HDAC1 (1)
- HER (1)
- HPLC (1)
- Halogenid-Perowskite (1)
- Helicen (1)
- Hepcidin (1)
- Heptazine (1)
- Heteroatom Doping (1)
- Heteroatom-Dotierung (1)
- Heteroatom-Modifikation (1)
- Heteroatom-dotierte Kohlenstoffe (1)
- Heterophase Polymerization (1)
- Heterophasenpolymerisation (1)
- Hofmeister (1)
- Hohlkugeln (1)
- Hollow Spheres (1)
- Holzmodifikation (1)
- Hyalophora cecropia (1)
- Hyaluronic acid (1)
- Hyaluronsäure (1)
- Hybrid material (1)
- Hydroborierung (1)
- Hydrogele (1)
- Hydrogelen (1)
- Hydrogenolyse (1)
- Hydrolyse (1)
- Hydrophobizität (1)
- Hydrothermal Carbonization (1)
- Hydrothermal carbonisation (1)
- Hydrothermalkohle (1)
- Hydrotrope (1)
- Hydroxyapatit (1)
- Hydroxyl (1)
- Hydroxymethylfurfural (1)
- IR excitation (1)
- IR-Anregung (1)
- IR-MALDI (1)
- IRRAS (1)
- ISA (1)
- ITC (1)
- Imidazolium (1)
- In vitro (1)
- InP (1)
- InPZnS (1)
- Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (IR-MALDI) (1)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) (1)
- Ionen (1)
- Ionenmigration (1)
- Ionenmobilitäts-Berechnungen (1)
- Ionenmobilitätspektrometrie (1)
- Ionenmobilitätsspektrometry (IMS) (1)
- Ionic Liquid (1)
- Ionic liquid (1)
- Ionisationspotential (1)
- Ionisierungsenergie (1)
- Isoflavonoide (1)
- Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (1)
- Isotherme Titrationskalorimetrie (1)
- Isothermen (1)
- Isotop (1)
- Isotope ratio (1)
- JH-III-specific carrier protein (1)
- Janus (1)
- Janus droplets (1)
- Juvenile hormone analogue (1)
- Karbonisierung (1)
- Karbonnitrid Ionothermalsynthese (1)
- Katalysator (1)
- Kathode (1)
- Keramik (1)
- Kern-Schale Aufkonvertierende Nanopartikel (1)
- Kerndynamik (1)
- Kinetically controlled nanocrystal growth (1)
- Kinetics (1)
- Kinetik (1)
- Klassiche Simulationen (1)
- Kleinwinkelstreuung (1)
- Klick-Chemie (1)
- Klickchemie (1)
- Koaleszenz (1)
- Kohlenmaterialien (1)
- Kohlenmonoxid (1)
- Kohlenstoff-Nanopunkte (1)
- Kohlenstoff-Punkte (1)
- Kohlenstoffe auf Biomasse-Basis (1)
- Kohlenstoffmaterial (1)
- Kohlenstoffnitrid (1)
- Kohlenstoffnitrid (CN) (1)
- Kohlenstoffträger (1)
- Kol (1)
- Kollagen (1)
- Kollagenase (1)
- Komplexe (1)
- Kompositmaterial (1)
- Konformationsänderungen (1)
- Koordinationskomplexe (1)
- Korrelationsfunktion (1)
- Kraft lignin hydrogenolysis (1)
- Kraftlignin (1)
- Kraftsensoren (1)
- Kristallisation von Dünnschichten (1)
- Kryo-Elektronenmikroskopie (1)
- LCPs (1)
- LCST (1)
- LCST and UCST (1)
- LCST und UCST (1)
- Lactams (1)
- Ladung Transport (1)
- Langmuir Monoschicht (1)
- Langmuir monolayers (1)
- Lanthanide (1)
- Lanthanides (1)
- Lanthano (1)
- Laser (1)
- Laser-Carbonization (1)
- Laserinduzierte Inkandeszenz (LII) (1)
- Laserinduzierte Plasmaspektroskopie (LIBS) (1)
- Laserkarbonisierung (1)
- Laserpulse (1)
- Laserpulskontrolle (1)
- Layer-by-Layer Glykopolymerbeschichtung (1)
- Legierungen (1)
- Lektin (1)
- Leptinotarsa decemlineata (1)
- Levoglucosenol (1)
- Li-Ionen-Akkus (1)
- Li-Ionen-Kondensator (1)
- Li-S batteries (1)
- Li-S-Batterien (1)
- Li-ion batteries (1)
- Li-ion capacitor (1)
- LiFePO4 (1)
- Ligation (1)
- Lignane (1)
- Linienspannung (1)
- Liquid dispersion (1)
- Lithiophilizität (1)
- Lithium-Ionen-Kondensatoren (1)
- Locust (1)
- Locusta migratoria (1)
- Luminescence (1)
- Lupinifolin (1)
- Lävulinsäure (1)
- Löschung (1)
- Lösungsmittel (1)
- Lösungsmittel-thermisches Tempern (1)
- Lösungsmitteleffekte (1)
- Lösungsprozess (1)
- MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (1)
- MS (1)
- Magnetic (1)
- Magnetisch (1)
- Magnetit Nanopartikel (1)
- Makrozyklen (1)
- Marangoni flow (1)
- Marangoni-Fluss (1)
- Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Materialwissenschaft (1)
- Matrix-unterstützte Laser-Desorption/Ionisation (IR-MALDI) (1)
- Membranforschung bzw. Membranwissenschaften (1)
- Mesoporosity (1)
- Mesoporosität (1)
- Mesoporöse Materialien (1)
- Metal Chalcogenides (1)
- Metal-organic framework (1)
- Metall (1)
- Metall-organische Gerüste (1)
- Metallcarbide (1)
- Metallchalkogenide (1)
- Metallnitrid-Kohlenstoff Komposite (1)
- Metallorganischen (1)
- Metalloxide (1)
- Methacrylat (1)
- Micellar polymers (1)
- Micr (1)
- Microalgae (1)
- Mikroalgen (1)
- Mikroemulsion (1)
- Mikroemulsionen (1)
- Mikrofluidik (1)
- Mikrogel-Array (1)
- Mikrogele (1)
- Mikrogelketten (1)
- Mikrogelstränge (1)
- Mikrokontaktdruck (1)
- Mikrotomographie (1)
- Mikrowellensynthese (1)
- Miniemulsion (1)
- Mizellbildung (1)
- Modellierung (1)
- Modified mycotoxins (1)
- Modifizierung von Polymeren (1)
- Molecular dynamics (1)
- Monolayers (1)
- Monolith (1)
- Morphologie von Kapseln (1)
- Multi-Wellenlängen (1)
- Multi-method (1)
- Multiblock Copolymer (1)
- Multiblock copolymer (1)
- Muschelnachahmend (1)
- Mycotoxins (1)
- N-Alkylglycin (1)
- N-acetyldopamine (1)
- N-alkyl-glycine (1)
- N-carboxyanhydrid (1)
- N-carboxyanhydride (1)
- N-doped carbon (1)
- N-dotierter Kohlenstoff (1)
- N2 fixation (1)
- N2-Fixierung (1)
- NHC (1)
- NIR spectroscopy (1)
- NMR (1)
- NMR structure (1)
- Nachhaltigkeit (1)
- Nanofluidik (1)
- Nanokapseln (1)
- Nanokomposit (1)
- Nanokomposite (1)
- Nanolinsen (1)
- Nanoparticle (1)
- Nanopartikeln (1)
- Nanopartikeln-Anordnung (1)
- Nanoplastik (1)
- Nanoplättchen (1)
- Nanospindeln (1)
- Nanostructure (1)
- Nanostruktur (1)
- Nanotechnology (1)
- Nanotriangles (1)
- Natrium-Ionen-Akkumulator (1)
- Natrium-Ionen-Batterie (1)
- Naturstoff (1)
- Negative Poisson’s ratio (1)
- Negatives Poisson-Verhältnis (1)
- Neodym-YAG-Laser (1)
- Neutronen Diffraktion (1)
- Neutronen Reflektometrie (1)
- NiTi (1)
- Nichtlineare Spektroskopie (1)
- Nichtwässrige Synthese (1)
- Nickel-Kohlenstoff-Katalysatoren (1)
- Nitrogen Physisorption (1)
- Nukleation (1)
- Nukleierung (1)
- O-methyltransferase (1)
- OER (1)
- OLED (1)
- ORR (1)
- OTDR (1)
- Oberflächen (1)
- Oberflächenkräfte (1)
- Oberflächenmodifizierung (1)
- Oberflächenpotential (1)
- Oberflächentopografie (1)
- Oberfächen (1)
- Olefin Metathese (1)
- Olefin metathesis (1)
- Oligomere (1)
- Oligosaccharides (1)
- On-demand Freisetzung (1)
- On-demand release (1)
- On.Line Monitoring (1)
- Open Source (1)
- Optimale Kontrolltheorie (1)
- Optode (1)
- Organic photovoltaic Cell (1)
- Organische Photovoltaikzelle (1)
- Organo-Silikate (1)
- Organogel (1)
- Organosilica (1)
- Orthoptera (1)
- Oscillating Bubble (1)
- Oxalat-Fällung (1)
- Oxidkeramik (1)
- Oxo-Kohlenstoff (1)
- PAH (1)
- PARAFAC (1)
- PEG brushes (1)
- PEG-Funktionalisierung (1)
- PEI coating (1)
- PLA (1)
- PLS regression (1)
- PLSR (1)
- POF; Reliabilität; Abbau; Chemilumineszenz (1)
- POF; reliability; degradation; chemiluminescence (1)
- PZT (1)
- Palladium (1)
- Patchy Partikel (1)
- Peptid (1)
- Peptid-Polymer-Konjugate (1)
- Peptiden (1)
- Perovskite (1)
- Perowskit (1)
- Perowskit Solarzellen (1)
- Perowskit Vorläuferstadien (1)
- Perowskite (1)
- Perylen (1)
- Pesticides (1)
- Phase transitions (1)
- Phasenübergang (1)
- Phasenübergänge (1)
- Phospholipid (1)
- Photochemische Reaktionen (1)
- Photodesorption (1)
- Photoelektronenspektroskopie (1)
- Photoinitiierte Polymerisationen (1)
- Photon density waves (1)
- Photonendichtewellen (1)
- Photopolymer (1)
- Photopolymerization (1)
- Photopolymers (1)
- Physical Crosslinking (1)
- Physikalische Vernetzung (1)
- Phytopathogens (1)
- Pickering Emulsion (1)
- Pickering emulsions (1)
- Podanthus mitiqui (1)
- Poly(2-oxazoline) (1)
- Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamid) (1)
- Poly(N-Isopropylmethacrylamid) (1)
- Poly(N-Vinylisobutyramid) (1)
- Poly(ionische Flüssigkeit) (1)
- Poly(lactic acid) (1)
- Poly(ε-caprolacton) (1)
- Polyampholytes (1)
- Polyeste r (1)
- Polyester (1)
- Polyglycin (1)
- Polykondensation (1)
- Polylactid (1)
- Polymer Modification (1)
- Polymer physics (1)
- Polymerizable surfactant (1)
- Polymerphysik (1)
- Polymersynthese (1)
- Polymertenside (1)
- Polymilchsäure (1)
- Polyolefin (1)
- Polypeptoide (1)
- Polysulfobetaine (1)
- Poröse Materialien (1)
- Poröser Kohlenstoff (1)
- Poröser Stoff (1)
- Porösität (1)
- Post-Modifikationen (1)
- Precipitation (1)
- Protein Microcapsules (1)
- Protein-NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Protein-Polymer Konjugaten (1)
- Protein-Polymer-Konjugat (1)
- Proteinadsorption (1)
- Proteincharakterisierung (1)
- Proteinmikrokapseln (1)
- QD device (1)
- QD stability (1)
- QD-Gerät (1)
- QD-Stabilität (1)
- QDs (1)
- QM/MM Molekulardynamik (1)
- QM/MM stochastic dynamics (1)
- Quadratsäure (1)
- Quantenchemie (1)
- Quantendynamik (1)
- Quantendynamische Simulationen (1)
- Quantum Dot (1)
- Quantum Dots (1)
- Quantum dynamics (1)
- Quantumdots (1)
- Quartz Crystal (1)
- Química de Coloides (1)
- RAFT polymerization (1)
- RAFT, Polymerisation (1)
- RAFT-Polymerization (1)
- RAFT/MADIX Polymerisation (1)
- RAFT/MADIX polymerization (1)
- REMPI (1)
- ROMP (1)
- ROP (1)
- RP-HPLC (1)
- RUNX2 (1)
- Radikalreaktionen (1)
- Radiosensibilisator (1)
- Reaktion (1)
- Reaktionsmechanismen (1)
- Reaktionsmechanismus (1)
- Redoxchemie (1)
- Renewable Resources (1)
- Rerenzmaterial (1)
- Resonante Energie Transfer (1)
- Resonanz-Raman-Spektroskopie (1)
- Rheologie (1)
- Ringöffnungspolymerisation (1)
- Rod-like Polymers (1)
- Röntgenbeugung (1)
- Röntgenstrahlung (1)
- SEC-MALS (1)
- SEM (1)
- SERS enhancement factor (1)
- SLS (1)
- STM (1)
- Saccharide Recognition (1)
- Salze (1)
- Salzschmelze (1)
- Sauerstoff (1)
- Sauerstoff Reduktion (1)
- Sauerstoff-Reduktionsreaktion (1)
- Schaum (1)
- Schaumfilme (1)
- Schmelz (1)
- Schwefel (1)
- Schwefelwirt (1)
- Schwingungsanregung (1)
- Schwingungsaufgelöste UV/VIS-Spektroskopie (1)
- Schwingungsspektroskopie (1)
- Seedpods (1)
- Sekundärstruktur (1)
- Selbstassemblierung (1)
- Selbstheilende Beschichtungen (1)
- Serum (1)
- Shadowgraphie (1)
- Shadowgraphy (1)
- Shape-memory (1)
- Silbernanopartikel (1)
- Silicate (1)
- Siliciumdioxid (1)
- Silika (1)
- Silika Partikel (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Soft-Templaten (1)
- Solid phase synthesis (1)
- Solution phase synthesis (1)
- Solvothermalsynthese (1)
- Sonication (1)
- Spannungskonzentrationen (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Spermidin (1)
- Spezies (1)
- Sprengstoffe (1)
- Spritzgießen (1)
- Stability of LB Films (1)
- Stabilität von Emulsionen (1)
- Stabilität von Schäumen (1)
- Stereocomplex (1)
- Stereokomplex (1)
- Stereokomplexierung (1)
- Stickstoff Physisorption (1)
- Stickstoffdotiert (1)
- Stickstoff‑ und Kohlenstoffhaltige Materialien (1)
- Stoßquerschnitt (1)
- Stress concentration (1)
- Structure elucidation (1)
- Strukturaufklärung (1)
- Strukturbildung (1)
- Strömungschemie (1)
- Substrat (1)
- Superkondensator (1)
- Superkondensatoren (1)
- Supramolecular Interactions (1)
- Supramolekular (1)
- Supramolekularen Wechselwirkungen (1)
- Surface Hopping Dynamik (1)
- Surfactant (1)
- Surfactants (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Syngas Hydrogenation (1)
- Syngashydrierung (1)
- Synthesemethoden (1)
- Synthesis and processing (1)
- Synthetic methods (1)
- Synthetische Biologie (1)
- Tandemmassenspektrometrie (1)
- Teilchenbildung (1)
- Templat (1)
- Templatierung (1)
- Templating (1)
- Tensid (1)
- Tephrosia elata (1)
- Thermodynamische Eigenschaft (1)
- Thermoplastic elastomer (1)
- Thiazol-Salze (1)
- Thiole (1)
- TiO2 nanoparticles (1)
- Time-resolved Immunoassay (1)
- Transient (1)
- Transitionmetals (1)
- Triazin (1)
- Triblock Copolymers (1)
- Triblock-Copolymere (1)
- Trichloracetimidate (1)
- Trichloroacetimidates (1)
- Tropfen (1)
- Tropfenoszillationen (1)
- Tropfenprofil-Analysen-Tensiometrie (1)
- UV/VIS (1)
- UVR (1)
- Ultradünne Filme (1)
- Umweltreaktion (1)
- Upgrade of Fructose (1)
- Uranyl (1)
- Valerolacton (1)
- Verbindungen auf Eisenbasis (1)
- Verdunstung (1)
- Vernetzung (1)
- Vesikel Forschung/Vesikel Studien (1)
- WAXS (1)
- Wasser auf Aluminiumoxid (1)
- Wasser/Luft Grenzflächen (1)
- Wasser/Öl-Grenzfläche (1)
- Wassergehalt (1)
- Wasseroberfläche (1)
- Wasserspaltung (1)
- Weitwinkelröntgenstreuung (1)
- Winterschachtelhalm (1)
- Wirkung des Ionenstärken (1)
- Wirkung des pH-Werten (1)
- Wärmetransformationsanwendungen (1)
- X-ray (1)
- X-ray diffraction (1)
- X-ray structure (1)
- Zeitabhängige Dichtefunktionaltheorie (1)
- Zeitaufgelöste Lumineszenz (1)
- Zeitaufgelöster Immunoassay (1)
- Zellulose (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zuckererkennung (1)
- [4+2] cycloaddition (1)
- [N]phenylene dyads (1)
- [N]phenylenes (1)
- abbaubares Polymer (1)
- absorbtion fine-structure (1)
- acceptors (1)
- acid (1)
- acids (1)
- acinar-cells (1)
- acoustically levitated droplets (1)
- acrylic acid esters (1)
- actinide, organic ligand, sorption, cementitious material, concrete, luminescence (1)
- activated carbon (1)
- activated urethane (1)
- activated urethane derivatives (1)
- activation entropy (1)
- adamantane (1)
- additive Fertigung (1)
- additive manufacturing (1)
- additives (1)
- adduct formation (1)
- adenoassociated virus (1)
- adhesive (1)
- adsorbate vibrations (1)
- aggregation (1)
- air-water-interface (1)
- aktiviertes Urethan (1)
- akustisch schwebende Tropfen (1)
- alignment (1)
- alkynol cycloisomerization (1)
- all-carbon composites (1)
- alumina (1)
- aluminum alloy (1)
- amine (1)
- amino acids (1)
- ammonia (1)
- amorphes Calciumcarbonat (1)
- amorphous carbon (1)
- amorphous polymers (1)
- amphiphile Blockcopolymere (1)
- amphiphilic block copolymer (1)
- amphiphilic block copolymers (1)
- analytical ultracentrifugation (1)
- anchor peptides (1)
- anionic polymerizations (1)
- anisotropic colloids (1)
- anisotropic microgels (1)
- anode (1)
- anti-fouling (1)
- anti-fouling materials (1)
- antibodies (1)
- antibody staining (1)
- antimalarial activity (1)
- aptamers (1)
- aqueous dispersion (1)
- aqueous systems (1)
- arenediazonium salts (1)
- arsenious acid (1)
- artificial cells (1)
- artificial muscles (1)
- arylboronic acids (1)
- aryldiazonium salts (1)
- aspect-ratio (1)
- associating polymers (1)
- assoziative Photodesorption (1)
- asymmetric (1)
- asymmetrisch (1)
- atomic force microscopy (1)
- atropisomerism (1)
- attachment (1)
- augmented-wave method (1)
- auxiliary control (1)
- beer (1)
- begrenzte Polymerisation (1)
- behavior (1)
- benzoboroxole (1)
- beta-lactoglobulin (1)
- betaine (1)
- bilayer system (1)
- bio-modification (1)
- bioactive (1)
- bioaktiv (1)
- bioanalysis (1)
- biochromophores (1)
- biocompatibility (1)
- bioconjugate (1)
- biohybrid membrane materials (1)
- bioinspiration (1)
- biological membranes (1)
- biologische Membranen (1)
- biomass valorization (1)
- biomass-derived carbons (1)
- biomimetics and semiconducting polymers (1)
- biophotonics (1)
- biopolymers (1)
- biorefineries (1)
- biorelevant (1)
- biosensors (1)
- bladder-cancer (1)
- bleifreie Perowskit-Solarzellen (1)
- block copolymer vesicles (1)
- block-copolymer (1)
- block-copolymers (1)
- blockcopolymer (1)
- blockcopolymere (1)
- bone tissue engineering (1)
- brownian-motion (1)
- brushite (1)
- bubble-bubble interaction (1)
- building-blocks (1)
- cadmium-free (1)
- calcium (1)
- calcium influx (1)
- calcium phosphate hybrid material (1)
- capacity (1)
- capillary pressure tensiometry (1)
- capsule morphology (1)
- carbohydrate derivatives (1)
- carbohydrate esters (1)
- carbohydrate-based oxepines (1)
- carbohydrate‐ based (1)
- carbon material (1)
- carbon nanodots (1)
- carbon supports (1)
- carbonyl-compounds (1)
- carbothermal (1)
- carbothermisch (1)
- carboxyanhydrides (1)
- carcinogen exposure (1)
- catalyst (1)
- catalyst functionalization (1)
- catalytic application (1)
- catalyzed cross metathesis (1)
- catalyzed redox isomerization (1)
- cathode (1)
- cationic surfactants (1)
- cell-death (1)
- cement admixtures (1)
- cement hydration (1)
- cementitious material (1)
- ceramics (1)
- cerium oxide (1)
- chain azobenzene polymers (1)
- chalcogenide (1)
- charge transport (1)
- chelates (1)
- chemical-synthesis (1)
- chemische Sensoren (1)
- chemistry (1)
- chemoradiation therapy (1)
- chiral recognition (1)
- chiral separation (1)
- chiral switches (1)
- chirale Erkennung (1)
- chirale Schalter (1)
- chirale Trennung (1)
- chirality (1)
- chromatography (1)
- chromoionophore (1)
- citrazinic acid (1)
- citric acid (1)
- classical dynamics (1)
- click chemistry (1)
- co-nonsolvency (1)
- coalescence (1)
- coating (1)
- coatings (1)
- cobalt (1)
- cobalt nanoparticles (1)
- cockroach salivary-glands (1)
- colloid chemistry (1)
- colloidal quantum dot (1)
- coloring agents (1)
- complex (1)
- complex emulsion (1)
- composite materials (1)
- concrete (1)
- configuration (1)
- confined polymerization (1)
- confinement (1)
- confocal raman microscopy (1)
- conformation (1)
- conformational-changes (1)
- construction (1)
- continuous-flow (1)
- contrast agents (1)
- controlled-release (1)
- coordination complexes (1)
- coordination polymer (1)
- copper (1)
- copper complex (1)
- copper(II) (1)
- copper(II) halide salts (1)
- copper-bearing minerals (1)
- core-shell UCNP (1)
- correlation function (1)
- covalent frameworks (1)
- covalent organic framework (1)
- critical solution temperature (1)
- cross-linking (1)
- crosslinking (1)
- crown compounds (1)
- cryo-electron microscopy (1)
- cryogel (1)
- crystals (1)
- cytoplasm (1)
- cytosine methylation (1)
- damage (1)
- data-storage (1)
- de-novo synthesis (1)
- decay dynamics (1)
- deep eutectic solvents (1)
- defect chemistry (1)
- degradable polymer (1)
- delivery (1)
- density functional theory (1)
- deoxyfructosazine (1)
- design of experiments (1)
- diamondoid (1)
- diels-alder reaction (1)
- diffusion barrier (1)
- dihydrobenzofurans (1)
- dihydroxyacetone (1)
- diimine-complexes (1)
- dilute aqueous-solutions (1)
- dimensional stability (1)
- dimerization of 4-nitrothiophenol (1)
- dip-coating (1)
- discotics (1)
- disordered media (1)
- disulfide (1)
- dna coiling (1)
- double hydrophilic block copolymers (1)
- double strand break (1)
- drop (1)
- drop and bubble coalescence (1)
- drop profile analysis tensiometry (1)
- drop-drop interaction (1)
- drug delivery (1)
- drug delivery system (1)
- drugs (1)
- dye adsorption (1)
- dye mixture (1)
- dyes (1)
- dynamic HPLC (1)
- dynamic NMR (1)
- dynamic interfacial tensions (1)
- dünne Filme (1)
- efficient (1)
- electrolyte sensitivity (1)
- electrolytes (1)
- electron correlation (1)
- electron paramagnetic resonance (1)
- electron tomography (1)
- electron-spin resonance (1)
- electron-transfer (1)
- electrospinning (1)
- elektroaktive Polymere (1)
- elektronische Materialien (1)
- elemental composition (1)
- emperical potential structure refinement (1)
- emulsion (1)
- emulsion polymerization (1)
- emulsions (1)
- enantioselectivity (1)
- encapsulation (1)
- end-groups (1)
- endosomal escape (1)
- endothelization (1)
- energy conversion (1)
- energy density (1)
- energy storage mechanism (1)
- ensamblaje de nanopartículas (1)
- enthalpy-entropy compensation (EEC) (1)
- environmental response (1)
- enzymatic degradation (1)
- enzymatic esterification (1)
- enzyme reactions (1)
- epsilon-caprolactone (1)
- erosion (1)
- escence correlation spectroscopy (1)
- escherichia-coli (1)
- estructuras templadas blandas (1)
- ether methacrylates (1)
- evaporation (1)
- exchange (1)
- excision-repair (1)
- excitation (1)
- excluded volume (1)
- explosives (1)
- exposure (1)
- extracellular matrix proteins (1)
- extraction (1)
- ferroelectricity (1)
- ferrofluid (1)
- fiber (1)
- fiber Bragg gratings (1)
- fiber actuators (1)
- fiber etching (1)
- fiber-optical sensors (1)
- fine-structure (1)
- fish (1)
- flexibility (1)
- flight search patterns (1)
- flow chemistry (1)
- fluctuation-dissipation theorem (1)
- fluorescence (1)
- fluorescence immunoassay (1)
- fluorescence lifetime (1)
- fluorescence photobleaching recovery (1)
- fluorescence quenching (1)
- fluorescent dyemonomers (1)
- fluorescent dyes (1)
- fluorescent probes (1)
- fluorinated Blockcopolymers (1)
- fluorinated polymers (1)
- fluorocarbon polymers (1)
- fluoroimmunoassay (1)
- fluorous chemistry (1)
- flux de Marangoni (1)
- foam (1)
- foam analysis (1)
- foam films (1)
- folding kinetics (1)
- force sensors (1)
- formose (1)
- fourier-transform spectroscopy (1)
- fractional dynamics (1)
- fractional dynamics approach (1)
- frameworks (1)
- fronts (1)
- fulgides (1)
- functional (1)
- functionalized (1)
- funktional (1)
- funktionalisiert (1)
- g-quadruplex (1)
- gadolinium (1)
- gas (1)
- gas permeation (1)
- gas sorption (1)
- gas-phase (1)
- gases (1)
- gaussian processes (1)
- gelatin (1)
- gelation (1)
- gels (1)
- gene-expression (1)
- gene-regulation kinetics (1)
- genomic dna methylation (1)
- gepulster DPSS Laser (1)
- germacrane sesquiterpene lactone (1)
- glass-transition temperature (1)
- glyco chemistry (1)
- glycoconjugate (1)
- glycoconjugates (1)
- glycogels (1)
- glycolipids (1)
- glycomonomer (1)
- glycopeptide (1)
- glycopeptoid (1)
- glycopolymer (1)
- glycopolymer electrolytes (1)
- glycopolymers (1)
- gold nanoparticle assembly (1)
- gold-carbon catalysts (1)
- gouttes (1)
- gouttes sessiles (1)
- grafting-from (1)
- graphite (1)
- green (1)
- green polymers (1)
- halide perovskite (1)
- halide-ions (1)
- heat transformation application (1)
- heiße Elektronen (1)
- hela-cells (1)
- helicene (1)
- hemocompatibility (1)
- hepcidin (1)
- hepcidin-25 (1)
- heptazine (1)
- heteroatom (1)
- heteroatom modification (1)
- heteroatom-dotierte Kohlenstoffe (1)
- heterocycles (1)
- hierarchical pore structure (1)
- hierarchische Porenstruktur (1)
- high energy density (1)
- high quantum yield (1)
- hohe Energiedichte (1)
- hohe Quantenausbeute (1)
- holmium(III) (1)
- holographic diffraction gratings (1)
- human-cells (1)
- hybrid nanostructures (1)
- hybrid perovskites (1)
- hybride Nanostrukturen (1)
- hydraulic oils (1)
- hydrogen (1)
- hydrogen storage (1)
- hydrogenation (1)
- hydrophil (1)
- hydrophilic (1)
- hydrophilic polymers (1)
- hydrophobe Moleküle (1)
- hydrophobic molecules (1)
- hydrophobicity (1)
- hydrothermal carbon (1)
- hydrothermal carbonization (1)
- hydrothermale Carbonisierung (1)
- hydrotropes (1)
- hydroxy (1)
- hydroxyapatite (1)
- hydroxyl-functional poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (1)
- hydroyxapatite (1)
- iPLS regression (1)
- imidazolium (1)
- imidazolium salts (1)
- immunoassay (1)
- implementation (1)
- in-operando SAXS (1)
- in-vitro (1)
- indicators (1)
- induced malignant-transformation (1)
- inhomogeneous-media (1)
- initio molecular-dynamics (1)
- injection molding (1)
- inner surface (1)
- inorganic chemistry (1)
- inorganic perovskites (1)
- intercomparison (1)
- interfaces (1)
- interfacial dynamics (1)
- interfacial forces (1)
- intermittent chaotic systems (1)
- internal membrane-membrane adhesion (1)
- interne Membran-Membran Adhäsion (1)
- intracellular na+ (1)
- intramolecular charge-transfer (1)
- intrinsic microporosity (1)
- inverse Opale (1)
- inverse opal (1)
- ion migration (1)
- ion mobility calculations (1)
- ion optodes (1)
- ion selective electrode (1)
- ionenselektive Elektrode (1)
- ionic defects (1)
- ionic polymers (1)
- ionic strength effect (1)
- ionische Flüssigkeit (1)
- ionischen Polymere (1)
- ionisierende Strahlung (1)
- ionization energy (1)
- ionization potential (1)
- ionizing radiation (1)
- ionogel (1)
- ionogels (1)
- ionophore (1)
- ionothermale Synthese (1)
- ions (1)
- iron (1)
- iron-based compounds (1)
- iron-carbon nanotube catalysts (1)
- isoflavonoids (1)
- isotope (1)
- isotope ratios (1)
- joziknipholones (1)
- juvenile hormone biosynthesis (1)
- kinetics (1)
- klassische Diffusionstheorie (1)
- klebend (1)
- kolloidaler Quantenpunkt (1)
- kolloidchemie (1)
- komplexe Emulsion (1)
- kontrollierte radikalische Polymerisation (1)
- kovalente Rahmenbedingungen (1)
- künstliche Zellen (1)
- labels (1)
- lanthanide (1)
- lanthanide luminescence (1)
- laser induced (1)
- laser pulse control (1)
- laser pulses (1)
- laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (1)
- laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) (1)
- laser-induced incandescence (LII) (1)
- lasso (1)
- layer-by-layer (1)
- layer-by-layer glycopolymer coating (1)
- layered compounds (1)
- lead-free perovskites (1)
- lectin (1)
- levoglucosenol (1)
- levulinic acid (1)
- levy flights (1)
- liegende Tropfen (1)
- lifetime microscopy (1)
- ligand exchange (1)
- light (1)
- light-programmable viscosity (1)
- lignin (1)
- lignocellulosic biomass (1)
- lipids (1)
- liquid crystals (1)
- liquid-crystal precursors (1)
- lithiophilicity (1)
- lithium ion capacitors (1)
- lower (1)
- lubricant (1)
- lubricants (1)
- lösungsmittelfreie Synthese (1)
- macrocycles (1)
- magnetic manipulation (1)
- magnetic-properties (1)
- magnetische Nanopartikel (1)
- magnetite (1)
- magnetite nanoparticles (1)
- magnetosome (1)
- magnetotactic bacteria (1)
- magnetotaktische Bakterien (1)
- marine oils (1)
- mass-spectrometry (1)
- material science (1)
- mechanical properties (1)
- mechanical strength (1)
- mechanical-properties (1)
- mehrschichtige Verbindungen (1)
- melting (1)
- membrane (1)
- membrane science (1)
- membranes (1)
- mercaptocarboxylic acids (1)
- mesenchymal stem cells (1)
- mesoporous (1)
- mesoporous materials (1)
- mesoporös (1)
- mesostructure (1)
- metabolites (1)
- metal (1)
- metal alloys (1)
- metal carbides (1)
- metal complex (1)
- metal nanoparticles (1)
- metal nitride carbon composites (1)
- metal organic framework (1)
- metal peptide (1)
- metal species (1)
- metal-organic framework (1)
- metallic nanolattices (1)
- metallopeptide (1)
- metalloprotein (1)
- metallorganischen Gerüstverbindungen (1)
- methacrylate (1)
- methylmercury (1)
- methyltransferases dnmt3a (1)
- micellization (1)
- micro (1)
- microbalance (1)
- microemulsion (1)
- microemulsiones (1)
- microemulsions (1)
- microfluidics (1)
- microgel array (1)
- microgel chains (1)
- microgel strands (1)
- microgels (1)
- microporous organic polymers (1)
- microporous polymers (1)
- microscopy (1)
- microstructure (1)
- microtomography (1)
- mikroporöse Polymere (1)
- mikrowellengestützte Synthese (1)
- mineralization beneath (1)
- minerals (1)
- mixed-matrix membranes (1)
- modelling (1)
- modulation (1)
- modulus (1)
- moisture content (1)
- molecular oxygen (1)
- molecular rods (1)
- molecular thermometers (1)
- molecular-dynamics (1)
- molecular-mechanisms (1)
- molecular-reorientation (1)
- molecular-structure (1)
- monolayer (1)
- monolith (1)
- monomer (1)
- monomers (1)
- morphological transformation (1)
- morphology (1)
- motif périodique (1)
- multi-compartmentalised vesicles (1)
- multi-kompartmentalisierte Vesikel (1)
- multicompartment micelle (1)
- multiresponsiv (1)
- multiresponsive (1)
- multishell (1)
- multiwavelength (1)
- mussel-mimicking (1)
- n-heterocyclic carbenes (1)
- n-isopropylacrylamide (1)
- nachhaltige Energiespeichermaterialien (1)
- nachwachsende Rohstoffe (1)
- nano (1)
- nanocapsules (1)
- nanocarriers (1)
- nanoclusters (1)
- nanocomposite (1)
- nanoestructuras (1)
- nanoestructuras híbridas (1)
- nanoflowers (1)
- nanofluidics (1)
- nanoparticle assembly (1)
- nanoparticle dimers (1)
- nanopartículas (1)
- nanoplastic (1)
- nanoporous carbon particles (1)
- nanoporöser Kohlenstoffpartikel (1)
- nanoprisms (1)
- nanorods (1)
- nanospindles (1)
- nanostructure fabrication (1)
- nanostructured composite (1)
- nanotechnology (1)
- nanotriangles (1)
- nanowires (1)
- naphthalenes (1)
- naphthalenophanes (1)
- naphthalimide (1)
- natural products (1)
- negative ions (1)
- neolignans (1)
- neurodegenerative diseases (1)
- neurotoxicity (1)
- neutron diffraction (1)
- neutron reflectometry (1)
- nhc (1)
- nichtlineare Mechanik (1)
- nichtwässrige Synthese (1)
- nickel (1)
- nickel(II) (1)
- nickel-carbon catalysts (1)
- niederenergetische Elektronen (1)
- nitrogen containing carbonaceous materials (1)
- nitrogen doped carbons (1)
- nitrogen-doped (1)
- non-linear mechanics (1)
- nonlinear optics (1)
- nutrients (1)
- o bond formation (1)
- o-quinone isomerase (1)
- obere kritische Lösetemperatur (1)
- oberflächenverstärkte Raman-Streuung (1)
- off-specular scattering (1)
- oil (1)
- olefin-metathesis (1)
- oligo(ethylene glycol) (1)
- oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (1)
- oligo(ethyleneglycol) (1)
- oligomeric polydimethylsiloxane (1)
- oligomers (1)
- opal (1)
- open source (1)
- open system density matrix theory (1)
- optical oil sensor (1)
- optical sensing (1)
- optical-properties (1)
- optimal control theory (1)
- optode (1)
- organic dye pigments (1)
- organic ligand (1)
- organic-inorganic c (1)
- organic–inorganic hybrid (1)
- organische Chemie (1)
- organogel (1)
- organometallics (1)
- orthophosphates (1)
- oscillating bubble (1)
- oxalic precipitation (1)
- oxaloacetic acid (1)
- oxidation (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- oxides (1)
- oxocarbon (1)
- oxygen (1)
- pH effect (1)
- palladium (1)
- palladium catalyst (1)
- paper (1)
- paramagnetic (1)
- paramagnetic-resonance (1)
- paramagnetisch (1)
- particle formation (1)
- patchy particles (1)
- peptide (1)
- peptide-polymer conjugate (1)
- perfluorocarbon emulsion (1)
- periodic pattern (1)
- periodisches Muster (1)
- periplaneta-americana (1)
- perovskite precursors (1)
- perylene (1)
- phase separation (1)
- phase transfer (1)
- phase transition (1)
- phenanthrenes (1)
- phosgene-free synthesis (1)
- photo ionization (1)
- photo-dehydro-Diels-Alder reaction (1)
- photochemical reactions (1)
- photochemical synthesis (1)
- photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- photoinduced electron transfer (1)
- photoinduced nonadiabatic dynamics (1)
- photon density wave spectroscopy (1)
- photon-counting statistics (1)
- photonic wires (1)
- photooxidation (1)
- photooxygenation (1)
- photophysics (1)
- photoredox catalysis (1)
- photovoltaic materials (1)
- photovoltaische Materialien (1)
- physical (1)
- physikalisch (1)
- physiolgischer pH (1)
- physiological pH (1)
- pickering emulsion (1)
- plasmonic chemistry (1)
- plasmonische Chemie (1)
- platform chemicals (1)
- poly(2-oxazoline)s (1)
- poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (1)
- poly(N-isopropyl methacrylamide) (1)
- poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (1)
- poly(N-vinyl isobutyramide) (1)
- poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (1)
- poly(dimethylsiloxane) (1)
- poly(ester amide)s (1)
- poly(ethyleneimine) (1)
- poly(ionic liquid) (1)
- poly(ionic liquid)s (1)
- poly(ionische Flüssigkeiten) (1)
- poly(ε-caprolactone) (1)
- polyacrylamide (1)
- polyamine (1)
- polyammonium salt (1)
- polyampholyte (1)
- polybutadiene (1)
- polycarboxylate (1)
- polycationic monolayer (1)
- polycondensation (1)
- polydimethylsiloxane wrinkles (1)
- polyelectrolyte membranes (1)
- polyglycine (1)
- polylactide (1)
- polymer amphiphile (1)
- polymer degradation (1)
- polymer synthesis (1)
- polymeric sensors (1)
- polymerised ionic liquids (1)
- polymersomes (1)
- polyolefin (1)
- polypeptides (1)
- polypeptoids (1)
- polypropylene yarns (1)
- polysoap (1)
- polysulfabetaine (1)
- poly‐ ε ‐ caprolactone (1)
- porosity (1)
- porous (1)
- porous carbon materials (1)
- porous carbon-based materials (1)
- porous carbons (1)
- porös (1)
- poröse Kohlenstoffe (1)
- poröse Kohlenstoffmaterialien (1)
- poröse Struktur (1)
- porösen Materialien auf Kohlenstoffbasis (1)
- poröser Kohlenstoff (1)
- post-modification (1)
- post-polymerization modification (1)
- precatalysts (1)
- precision agriculture (1)
- pressure (1)
- process analytical technology (1)
- programmable friction (1)
- protein NMR spectroscopy (1)
- protein adsorption (1)
- protein binding (1)
- protein characterization (1)
- protein interactions (1)
- protein stabilized foams (1)
- protein-kinase inhibitors (1)
- proximal soil sensing (1)
- précipitation (1)
- précipitation oxalique (1)
- pulsed DPSS laser (1)
- purity (1)
- quantum chemistry (1)
- quenching (1)
- quinone (1)
- quinone methide (1)
- racemization (1)
- radical reactions (1)
- radicals (1)
- radiosensitizer (1)
- rare earth elements (1)
- rat (1)
- ratiometric (1)
- ray absorption-spectroscopy (1)
- reactions (1)
- reactive flux rate constants (1)
- reactive templating (1)
- reactivity (1)
- recognition (1)
- recombinant protein (1)
- renewable resources (1)
- renewables (1)
- repair (1)
- resistive heating (1)
- resonance Raman spectroscopy (1)
- resonance energy transfer (1)
- resonance energy-tansfer (1)
- resonant formation (1)
- responsive (1)
- responsive polymer (1)
- responsive polymers (1)
- responsive systems (1)
- reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) (1)
- reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (1)
- reversible shape-memory actuator (1)
- review (1)
- rheology (1)
- ring-closing metathesis (1)
- ring-closure (1)
- rising bubble (1)
- roughness (1)
- rp-hplc (1)
- ruthenium carbene (1)
- salt melt (1)
- samples (1)
- scale (1)
- schaltbare Materialien (1)
- schaltbare Polymere (1)
- schizophrenes Verhalten (1)
- schizophrenic behavior (1)
- secondary structure (1)
- sel (1)
- selbstassemblierende Monolagen (1)
- self-assembled monolayers (1)
- self-healing coatings (1)
- self-organisation (1)
- semiempirical methods (1)
- sensor (1)
- sensors (1)
- separation (1)
- sequence dependence (1)
- sers (1)
- sessile droplet (1)
- shape-memory (1)
- shape‐memory polymer actuators (1)
- sichtbares Licht Photokatalyse (1)
- silica (1)
- silica nanoparticles (1)
- silica particles (1)
- silver (1)
- silver nanoparticles (1)
- silver nanowires (1)
- sinefungin (1)
- single crystals (1)
- single strand break (1)
- single-atom catalysis (1)
- single-molecule analysis (1)
- single-molecule detection (1)
- single-strand breaks (1)
- singlet oxygen (1)
- small-angle scattering (1)
- smart materials (1)
- sodium (1)
- sodium green (1)
- sodium hydroxide etching (1)
- sodium-ion batteries (1)
- sodium-ion battery (1)
- soft and hard templating (1)
- soft robotics (1)
- soft template (1)
- soft-templates (1)
- soil gas (1)
- soil nutrients (1)
- solid-state structure (1)
- solubility (1)
- solubilization (1)
- solution process (1)
- solvatochromic fluorophore (1)
- solvatochromism (1)
- solvent (1)
- solvent effect (1)
- solvent-free reactions (1)
- solvo-thermal annealing (1)
- solvothermal synthesis (1)
- sortase-mediated ligation (1)
- spacer (1)
- spacer group (1)
- spatial-organization (1)
- speciation (1)
- species (1)
- specific interactions (1)
- spectra (1)
- spent coffee (1)
- spermidine (1)
- spezifische Wechselwirkungen (1)
- spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (1)
- spider silk (1)
- spiked and crumble gold nanotriangles (1)
- spiropyran copolymer (1)
- square planar (1)
- squaric acid (1)
- stability (1)
- stannous octoate (1)
- stark eutektisches Lösungsmittel (1)
- state (1)
- states (1)
- statistische Versuchsplanung (Design of Experiments) (1)
- steigende Blasen (1)
- step (1)
- stereocomplexation (1)
- stereoselective-synthesis (1)
- stereoselectivity (1)
- stickstoffdotierte Kohlenstoffe (1)
- stimuli-response (1)
- stimuli-sensitive (1)
- stokes shift (1)
- strand breakage (1)
- structural-characterization (1)
- substituted stilbenes (1)
- substrate (1)
- sulfobetain (1)
- sulfoxides (1)
- sulfur host (1)
- supercapacitor (1)
- supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) (1)
- superparamagnetic (1)
- superparamagnetisch (1)
- supported gold (1)
- supramolecular (1)
- supramolecular chemistry (1)
- supramolekulare Chemie (1)
- surface chemistry (1)
- surface functionalization (1)
- surface hopping dynamics (1)
- surface rheology (1)
- surface science (1)
- surface topography (1)
- surface-enhanced Raman scattering (1)
- surface-plasmon resonance (1)
- surfaces and interfaces (1)
- surfactant (1)
- sustainability (1)
- sustainable energy storage materials (1)
- switchable block copolymer (1)
- switches (1)
- synthetische Biologie (1)
- sättigbarer Absorber (1)
- tamplat unterstütze Anordnung von weichen Partikeln (1)
- tandem mass spectrometry (1)
- tandem solar cells (1)
- tannic acid (1)
- tanning agents (1)
- temperature (1)
- temperature phase (1)
- temperaturschaltbar (1)
- template (1)
- template assisted alignment of soft particles (1)
- tensioactivos (1)
- tetrabromidocuprate(II) (1)
- tetrachlorocuprate(II) salts (1)
- thermal isomerization of azobenzene (1)
- thermal properties (1)
- thermisch angeregte Isomerisierung von Azobenzolen (1)
- thermisch schaltbar (1)
- thermisch schaltbare Polymere (1)
- thermo-responsive polymers (1)
- thermochemistry (1)
- thermodynamics (1)
- thermometer (1)
- thermoplastisches Elastomer (1)
- thermosensitive (1)
- thermosensitive polymers (1)
- thiazolium (1)
- thimerosal (1)
- thin film crystallization (1)
- thin films (1)
- thin-films (1)
- thio-dimethylarsinic acid (1)
- tight-binding (1)
- time random-walks (1)
- time-dependent density functional theory (1)
- time-resolved luminescence (1)
- tin perovskites (1)
- to-coil transition (1)
- trafficking (1)
- trans-stilbenes (1)
- transformation (1)
- transient (1)
- transition (1)
- transition metal (1)
- transition path sampling (1)
- transition-metal-complexes (1)
- transparent-leitendes Oxid (1)
- triangular-[4] phenylene (1)
- triazine (1)
- trivalent (1)
- tropical infectious diseases (1)
- tropische Infektionskrankheiten (1)
- tunable diode laser (TDL) (1)
- tyrosinase; o-quinones (1)
- ultra-fast laser inscription (1)
- ultra-thin membrane (1)
- ultracentrifuge (1)
- ultradünne Membranen (1)
- ultrafast (1)
- ultrathin film (1)
- undulated (1)
- untere kritische Entmischungstemperatur (1)
- untere kritische Lösungstemperatur (1)
- upconverting nanoparticles (1)
- upper critical solution temperature (1)
- uranium (VI) (1)
- uranyl (1)
- valerolactone (1)
- ventricular myocytes (1)
- vesicle studies (1)
- vibrational control (1)
- vibrational excitation (1)
- vibrational spectroscopy (1)
- vibrationally resolved electronic spectroscopy (1)
- viologen (1)
- visible light photocatalysis (1)
- vitro toxicological characterization (1)
- wasser (1)
- water at alumina (1)
- water splitting reaction (1)
- water-soluble polymers (1)
- water/tetradecane interface (1)
- wavelength (1)
- weak ergodicity breaking (1)
- weiche Vorlage (1)
- weiche und harte Templatierung (1)
- weißer Kohlenstoff (1)
- wetting (1)
- white carbon (1)
- wide-angle x-ray scattering (1)
- wood modification (1)
- wrinkled stamps (1)
- wrinkles (1)
- wässrige Systeme (1)
- ytterbium (1)
- zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (1)
- zweifach schaltbare Blockcopolymere (1)
- zwitterionic group (1)
- zwitterions (1)
- Übergangsmetall (1)
- Übergangsmetalle (1)
- Überstrukturierte Komposite (1)
- ß-Lactoglobulin (1)
- überkritisches Kohlendioxid (scCO₂) (1)
- β-Hydroxydihydrochalcone (1)
Institute
- Institut für Chemie (428) (remove)
The goal of this work was to study the binding of ions to polymers and lipid bilayer membranes in aqueous solutions. In the first part of this work, the influence of various inorganic salts and polyelectrolytes on the structure of water was studied using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC). The heat of dilution of the salts was used as a scale of water structure making and breaking of the ions. The heats of dilution could be attributed to the Hofmeister Series. Following this, the binding of Ca2+ to poly(sodium acrylate) (NaPAA) was studied. ITC and a Ca2+ Ion Selective Electrode were used to measure the reaction enthalpy and binding isotherm. Binding of Ca2+ ions to PAA, was found to be highly endothermic and therefore solely driven by entropy. We then compared the binding of ions to the one-dimensional PAA polymer chain to the binding to lipid vesicles with the same functional groups. As for the polymer, Ca2+ binding was found to be endothermic. Binding of calcium to the lipid bilayer was found to be weaker than to the polymer. In the context of these experiments, it was shown that Ca2+ not only binds to charged but also to zwitterionic lipid vesicles. Finally, we studied the interaction of two salts, KCl and NaCl, to a neutral polymer gel, PNIPAAM, and to the ionic polymer PAA. Combining calorimetry and a potassium selective electrode we observed that the ions interact with both polymers, whether containing charges or not.
Polymer optical fibers (POFs) are a rather new tool for high-speed data transfer by modulated light. They allow the transport of high amounts of data over distances up to about 100 m without be influenced by external electromagnetic fields. Due to organic chemical nature of POFs, they are sensitive to the climate of their environment and therefore the optical fiber properties are as well. Hence, the optical stability is a key issue for long-term applications of POFs. The causes for a loss of optical transmission due to climatic exposures (aging/degradation) are researched by means of chemical analytical tools such as chemiluminescence (CL) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for five different (with respect to manufacturers) step-index multimode PMMA based POFs and for seven different climatic conditions. Three of the five POF samples are studied more in detail to realize the effects of individual parameters and for forecasting longterm optical stability by short-term exposure tests. At first, the unexposed POF components (core, cladding, and bare POF as combination of core and cladding) are characterized with respect to important physical and chemical properties. The glass transition temperature Tg, and the melting temperature Tm are in the region of 120 °C to 140 °C, the molecular weight (Mw) of cores is in the order of 105 g mol-1. POFs are found to have different chemical compositions of their claddings as could be detected by FTIR, but identical compositions of their cores. Two of the POFs are exposed as cables (core, cladding and jacket) for about 3300 hours to the climate 92 °C / 95 % relative humidity (RH) resulting in a different transmission decrease. Investigating the related unexposed and exposed bare POFs for degradation using CL, FTIR, thermogravimetry (TG), UV/visible transmittance and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) suggest that claddings of POFs are more affected than cores. Probably the observed loss of transmission is mainly due to increased light absorption and imperfections at the core-cladding boundary caused by a large degradation of claddings. Hence, it is highly possible that the optical transmission stability of POFs is governed mainly by the thermo-oxidative stability of the cladding and minor of the core. Three bare POFs (core and cladding only) are exposed for different duration of exposure time (30 hours to 4500 hours) to 92 °C / 95 %RH, 92 °C / 50 %RH, 50 °C / 95 %RH, 90 °C / low humidity, 100 °C / low humidity, 110 °C / low humidity and 120 °C / low humidity. In these climates their transmission variations are found to be different from each other, too. The outcomes strongly inform that under high temperature and high humid climates physical changes such as volume expansion, are the main sources for the loss of optical transmission. Also, the optical transmission stability of POFs is found to be dependent on chemical compositions of claddings. Under high temperature and low humid conditions, a loss of transmission at the early stages of the exposure is mainly caused by physical changes, presumable by corecladding interface imperfections. For the later stages of exposures it is proposed to an additional increase of light absorption by core and cladding owes to degradation. Optical simulation results obtained parallel by Mr. L. Jankowski (a PhD student of BAM) are found to confirm these results. For bare POFs, too, the optical stability of POFs seems to depend on their thermo-oxidative stability. Some short-term exposure tests are conducted to realize influences of individual climatic parameters on the transmission property of POFs. It is found that at stationary high temperature and variable humidity conditions POFs display to a certain amount a reversible transmission loss due to physically absorbed water. But in the case of varying temperature and constant high humidity such reversibility is hardly noticeable. However, at room temperature and varying humidity, POFs display fully reversible transmission loss. The whole research described above has to be regarded as a starting point for further investigations. The restricted distribution of fundamental POF data by the manufacturers and the time consuming aging by climatic exposures restrict the results more or less to the samples, investigated here. Significant general statements require for example additional information concerning the variation of POF properties due to production. Nevertheless the tests, described here, have the capability for approximating and forecasting the long-term optical transmission stability of POFs. -------------- Auch im Druck erschienen: Appajaiah, Anilkumar: Climatic stability of polymer optical fibers (POF) / Anilkumar Appajaiah. - Bremerhaven : Wirtschaftsverl. NW, Verl. für neue Wiss., 2005. - Getr. Zählung [ca. 175 S.]. : Ill., graph. Darst. - (BAM-Dissertationsreihe ; 9) ISBN 3-86509-302-7
Combining the magnetic properties of a given material with the tremendous advantages of colloids can exponentially increase the advantages of both systems. This thesis deals with the field of magnetic nanotechnology. Thus, the design and characterization of new magnetic colloids with fascinating properties compared with the bulk materials is presented. Ferrofluids are referred to either as water or organic stable dispersions of superparamagnetic nanoparticles which respond to the application of an external magnetic field but lose their magnetization in the absence of a magnetic field. In the first part of this thesis, a three-step synthesis for the fabrication of a novel water-based ferrofluid is presented. The encapsulation of high amounts of magnetite into polystyrene particles can efficiently be achieved by a new process including two miniemulsion processes. The ferrofluids consist of novel magnetite polystyrene nanoparticles dispersed in water which are obtained by three-step process including coprecipitation of magnetite, its hydrophobization and further surfactant coating to enable the redispersion in water and the posterior encapsulation into polystyrene by miniemulsion polymerization. It is a desire to take advantage of a potential thermodynamic control for the design of nanoparticles, and the concept of "nanoreactors" where the essential ingredients for the formation of the nanoparticles are already in the beginning. The formulation and application of polymer particles and hybrid particles composed of polymeric and magnetic material is of high interest for biomedical applications. Ferrofluids can for instance be used in medicine for cancer therapy and magnetic resonance imaging. Superparamagnetic or paramagnetic colloids containing iron or gadolinium are also used as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent, for example as a important tool in the diagnosis of cancer, since they enhance the relaxation of the water of the neighbouring zones. New nanostructured composites by the thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl in the monomer phase and thereafter the formation of paramagnetic nanocomposites by miniemulsion polymerization are discussed in the second part of this thesis. In order to obtain the confined paramagnetic nanocomposites a two-step process was used. In the first step, the thermal decomposition of the iron pentacarbonyl was obtained in the monomer phase using oleic acid as stabilizer. In the second step, this iron-containing monomer dispersion was used for making a miniemulsion polymerization thereof. The addition of lanthanide complexes to ester-containing monomers such as butyl acrylate and subsequent polymerization leading to the spontaneous formation of highly organized layered nanocomposites is presented in the final part of this thesis. By an one-step miniemulsion process, the formation of a lamellar structure within the polymer nanoparticles is achieved. The magnetization and the NMR relaxation measurements have shown these new layered nanocomposites to be very apt for application as contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging.
During the past several decades polymer materials become widely used as components of medical devices and implants such as hemodialysers, bioartificial organs as well as vascular and recombinant surgery. Most of the devices cannot avoid the blood contact in their use. When the polymer materials come in contact with blood they can cause different undesired host responses like thrombosis, inflammatory reactions and infections. Thus the materials must be hemocompatible in order to minimize these undesired body responses. The earliest and one of the main problems in the use of blood-contacting biomaterials is the surface induced thrombosis. The sequence of the thrombus formation on the artificial surfaces has been well established. The first event, which occurs, after exposure of biomaterials to blood, is the adsorption of blood proteins. Surface physicochemical properties of the materials as wettability greatly influence the amount and conformational changes of adsorbed proteins. In turn the type, amount and conformational state of the adsorbed protein layer determines whether platelets will adhere and become activated or not on the artificial surface and thus to complete the thrombus formation. The adsorption of fibrinogen (FNG), which is present in plasma, has been shown to be closely related to surface induced thrombosis by participating in all processes of the thrombus formation such as fibrin formation, platelet adhesion and aggregation. Therefore study the FNG adsorption to artificial surfaces could contribute to better understanding of the mechanisms of platelet adhesion and activation and thus to controlling the surface induced thrombosis. Endothelization of the polymer surfaces is one of the strategies for improving the materials hemocompatibility, which is believed to be the most ideal solution for making truly blood-compatible materials. Since at physiological conditions proteins such as FNG and fibronectin (FN) are the usual extracellular matrix (ECM) for endothelial cells (EC) adhesion, precoating of the materials with these proteins has been shown to improve EC adhesion and growth in vitro. ECM proteins play an essential role not only like a structural support for cell adhesion and spreading, but also they are important factor in transmitting signals for different cell functions. The ability of cells to remodel plasma proteins such as FNG and FN in matrix-like structures together with the classical cell parameters such as actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion formation could be used as an criteria for proper cell functioning. The establishment and the maintaining of delicate balance between cell-cell and cell-substrate contacts is another important factor for better EC colonization of the implants. The functionality of newly established endothelium in order to produce antithromotic substances should be always considered when EC seeding is used for improving the hemocompatibility of the polymer materials. Controlling the polymer surface properties such as surface wettability represents a versatile approach to manipulate the above cellular responses and therefore can be used in biomaterial and tissue engineering applications for producing better hemocompatible materials.
Nanostructured materials are the materials having structural features on the scale of nanometers i.e. 10-9 m. the structural features can enhance the natural properties of the materials or induce additional properties, which are useful for day to technology as well as the future technologies One way to synthesize nanostructured materials is using templating techniques. The templating process involves use of a certain “mould” or “scaffold” to generate the structure. The mould is called as the template, can be a single molecule or assembly of molecule or a larger object, which has its own structure. The product material can be obtained by filling the space around the template with a “precursor”, transformation of precursor into the desired material and then removal of template to get product. The precursor can be any chemical moiety that can be easily transformed in to the desired material. Alternatively the desired material is processed into very tiny bricks or “nano building blocks (NBB)” and the product is obtained by arrangement of the NBB by using a scaffold. We synthesized porous metal oxide spheres of namely TiO2-M2O3: titanium dioxide- M-oxide (M = aluminum, gallium and indium) TiO2-M2O3 and cerium oxide-zirconium oxide solid solution. We used porous polymeric beads as templates. These beads used for chromatographic purposes. For the synthesis of TiO2-M2O3 we used metal- alkoxides as precursor. The pore of beads were filled with precursor and then reacted with water to give transformation of the precursor to amorphous oxide network. The network is crystallized and template is removed by heat treatment at high temperatures. In a similar way we obtained porous spheres of CexZr1-xO2. For this we synthesized nanoparticle of CexZr1-xO2 and used then for the templating process to obtain porous CexZr1-xO2 spheres. Additionally, using the same nanoparticles we synthesized nano-porous powder using self-assembly process between a block-copolymers scaffold and nanoparticles. Morphological and physico-chemical properties of these materials were studies systematically by using various analytical techniques TiO2-M2O3 material were tested for photocatalytic degradation of 2-Chlorophenol a poisonous pollutant. While CexZr1-xO2 spheres were tested for methanol steam reforming reaction to generate hydrogen, which is a fuel for future generation power sources like fuel cells. All the materials showed good catalytic performance.
The present work is dealing with the first synthesis and characterisation of amphiphilic diblock copolymers bearing b-dicarbonyl (acetoacetoxy) chelating residues. Polymers were obtained by Group Transfer Polymerisation (GTP)/acetoacetylation and controlled radical polymerisation techniques (RAFT).Different micellar morphologies of poly(n-butyl methacrylate)-block-poly[2-(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate] (pBuMA-b-pAEMA) were observed in cyclohexane as a selective solvent. Depending on the block length ratio, either spherical, elliptical, or cylindrical micelles were formed. The density of the polymer chains at the core/corona interface is considerably higher as compared to any other strongly segregating system reported in the literature. It is demonstrated that there are H-bond interactions existing between acetoacetoxy groups, which increase the incompatibility between block segments. In addition, such interactions lead to the formation of secondary structures (such as b-sheets or globular structures) and larger superstructures in the micrometer length scale.Block copolymers were also used to solubilise metal ion salts of different geometries and oxidation states in organic media, in which are otherwise insoluble. Sterically stabilised colloidal hybrid materials are formed, i.e. monodisperse micelles having the metal ion salt incorporated in their core upon complexation with the ligating pAEMA block, whereas pBuMA forms the solvating corona responsible for stabilisation in solution. Systematic studies show that the aggregation behaviour is dependent on different factors, such as the tautomeric form of the beta-dicarbonyl ligand (keto/enol) as well as the nature and amount of added metal ion salt.
The colloidal systems are present everywhere in many varieties such as emulsions (liquid droplets dispersed in liquid), aerosols (liquid dispersed in gas), foam (gas in liquid), etc. Among several new methods for the preparation of colloids, the so-called miniemulsion technique has been shown to be one of the most promising. Miniemulsions are defined as stable emulsions consisting of droplets with a size of 50-500 nm by shearing a system containing oil, water, a surfactant, and a highly water insoluble compound, the so-called hydrophobe 1. In the first part of this work, dynamic crystallization and melting experiments are described which were performed in small, stable and narrowly distributed nanodroplets (confined systems) of miniemulsions. Both regular and inverse systems were examined, characterizing, first, the crystallization of hexadecane, secondly, the crystallization of ice. It was shown for both cases that the temperature of crystallization in such droplets is significantly decreased (or the required undercooling is increased) as compared to the bulk material. This was attributed to a very effective suppression of heterogeneous nucleation. It was also found that the required undercooling depends on the nanodroplet size: with decreasing droplet size the undercooling increases. 2. It is shown that the temperature of crystallization of other n-alkanes in nanodroplets is also significantly decreased as compared to the bulk material due to a very effective suppression of heterogeneous nucleation. A very different behavior was detected between odd and even alkanes. In even alkanes, the confinement in small droplets changes the crystal structure from a triclinic (as seen in bulk) to an orthorhombic structure, which is attributed to finite size effects inside the droplets. An intermediate metastable rotator phase is of less relevance for the miniemulsion droplets than in the bulk. For odd alkanes, only a strong temperature shift compared to the bulk system is observed, but no structure change. A triclinic structure is formed both in bulk and in miniemulsion droplets. 3. In the next part of the thesis it is shown how miniemulsions could be successfully applied in the development of materials with potential application in pharmaceutical and medical fields. The production of cross-linked gelatin nanoparticles is feasible. Starting from an inverse miniemulsion, the softness of the particles can be controlled by varying the initial concentration, amount of cross-link agent, time of cross-linking, among other parameters. Such particles show a thermo-reversible effect, e.g. the particles swell in water above 37 °C and shrink below this temperature. Above 37 °C the chains loose the physical cross-linking, however the particles do not loose their integrity, because of the chemical cross-linking. Those particles have potential use as drug carriers, since gelatin is a natural polymer derived from collagen. 4. The cross-linked gelatin nanoparticles have been used for the biomineralization of hydroxyapatite (HAP), a biomineral, which is the major constituent of our bones. The biomineralization of HAP crystals within the gelatin nanoparticles results in a hybrid material, which has potential use as a bone repair material. 5. In the last part of this work we have shown that layers of conjugated semiconducting polymers can be deposited from aqueous dispersion prepared by the miniemulsion process. Dispersions of particles of different conjugated semiconducting polymers such as a ladder-type poly(para-phenylene) and several soluble derivatives of polyfluorene could be prepared with well-controlled particle sizes ranging between 70 - 250 nm. Layers of polymer blends were prepared with controlled lateral dimensions of phase separation on sub-micrometer scales, utilizing either a mixture of single component nanoparticles or nanoparticles containing two polymers. From the results of energy transfer it is demonstrated that blending two polymers in the same particle leads to a higher efficiency due to the better contact between the polymers. Such an effect is of great interest for the fabrication of opto-electronic devices such as light emitting diodes with nanometer size emitting points and solar cells comprising of blends of electron donating and electron accepting polymers.
Research on monolayers of amphiphilic lipids on aqueous solution is of basic importance in surface science. Due to the applicability of a variety of surface sensitive techniques, floating insoluble monolayers are very suitable model systems for the study of order, structure formation and material transport in two dimensions or the interactions of molecules at the interface with ions or molecules in the bulk (headword 'molecular recognition'). From the behavior of monolayers conclusions can be drawn on the properties of lipid layers on solid substrates or in biological membranes. This work deals with specific and fundamental interactions in monolayers both on the molecular and on the microscopic scale and with their relation to the lattice structure, morphology and thermodynamic behavior of monolayers at the air-water interface. As model system especially monolayers of long chain fatty acids are used, since there the molecular interactions can be gradually adjusted by varying the degree of dissociation by means of the suphase pH value. For manipulating the molecular interactions besides the subphase composition also temperature and monolayer composition are systematically varied. The change in the monolayer properties as a function of an external parameter is analyzed by means of isotherm and surface potential measurements, Brewster-angle microscopy, X-ray diffraction at grazing incidence and polarization modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy. For this a quantitative measure for the molecular interactions and for the chain conformational order is derived from the X-ray data. The most interesting results of this work are the elucidation of the origin of regular polygonal and dendritic domain shapes, the various effects of cholesterol on molecular packing and lattice order of long chain amphiphiles, as well as the detection of an abrupt change in the head group bonding interactions, the chain conformational order and the phase transition pressure between tilted phases in fatty acid monolayers near pH 9. For the interpretation of the latter point a model of the head group bonding structure in fatty acid monolayers as a function of the pH value is developed.