Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (90) (remove)
Year of publication
- 2024 (90) (remove)
Document Type
- Doctoral Thesis (59)
- Working Paper (9)
- Master's Thesis (8)
- Part of Periodical (3)
- Article (2)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (2)
- Other (2)
- Postprint (2)
- Report (2)
- Habilitation Thesis (1)
Keywords
- Arctic (4)
- Arktis (4)
- Klimawandel (3)
- Satzverarbeitung (3)
- climate change (3)
- communication (3)
- experiment (3)
- machine learning (3)
- sentence processing (3)
- Atmosphäre (2)
- Carotinoide (2)
- Deep Learning (2)
- Judentum (2)
- Jüdische Studien (2)
- Kohlenstoff (2)
- Konstruktivismus (2)
- Menschenrechte (2)
- Seismologie (2)
- atmosphere (2)
- carbon (2)
- carotenoids (2)
- constructivism (2)
- deep learning (2)
- digitale Transformation (2)
- entrepreneurship (2)
- seismology (2)
- (latente) Mehrebenen-(Kovariaten-)Modelle (1)
- 1848/49 revolution (1)
- 3D-Einbettung (1)
- 3D-embedding (1)
- ALOX15B (1)
- Acetobacteraceae (1)
- Achtsamkeit (1)
- Aktin (1)
- Aleksandr Škljarevskij (1837-1883) (1)
- Aleksandra Marinina (*1957) (1)
- Alexander von Humboldt (1)
- Ambivalenz (1)
- Amblystegiaceae (1)
- Amnestien (1)
- Anode (1)
- Antibeschlag-Additive (1)
- Antifouling (1)
- Aphasie (1)
- Arkadij Adamov (1920-1991) (1)
- Arkadij Vajner (1931-2005) (1)
- Atmosphärenforschung (1)
- Atrio-oesophageale Fistel (1)
- Auftaktworkshop (1)
- Ausbreitung der kosmischen Strahlung (1)
- Austausch zwischen zwei Spezies (1)
- Bachdenitrifikation (1)
- Banken (1)
- Baumgrenzen-Dynamik (1)
- Bedarfsanalyse (1)
- Bekämpfungskonventionen (1)
- Bernhard Eberhard (1)
- Beschriftung (1)
- Betäubungsmittelkriminalität (1)
- Beweidung (1)
- Biklausalität (1)
- Bildkontextanalyse (1)
- Bilingualismus (1)
- Biotechnologie (1)
- Blazar (1)
- Blickbewegungen (1)
- Bodenbewegungsmodellierung (1)
- Bodenfeuchtigkeit (1)
- Bodenhydrologie (1)
- Boris Akunin (*1956) (1)
- Braunmoose (1)
- Bryophyten (1)
- CN (1)
- Carl Ludwig (1)
- Central Andes (1)
- Central Europe (1)
- Chemie (1)
- Christentum (1)
- Chronosequenzstudie (1)
- Cicero (1)
- Cognitive Apprenticeship (1)
- Copolymere (1)
- Crime fiction (1)
- Cultural Linguistics (1)
- Curriculare Innovation (1)
- Cytochrome C (1)
- DDR-Recht (1)
- DNA origami (1)
- DNA origami nanoantennas (DONA) (1)
- DSS-Colitis (1)
- Dateistruktur (1)
- Datenaufbereitung (1)
- Datenbank (1)
- Datenbanksysteme (1)
- Datenmonetarisierung (1)
- Datenschutz (1)
- Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DSGVO) (1)
- Datenschutzmanagement (1)
- Datenverwaltung (1)
- Debugging (1)
- Designparameter (1)
- Diamantstempelzelle (1)
- Dichte (1)
- Diffraktion (1)
- Digitale Bildung (1)
- Digitalisierung (1)
- Drohnen-Fernerkundung (1)
- Dynamische kognitive Modellierung (1)
- Dürre (1)
- ENTH domain proteins (1)
- ENTH-Domänen Proteine (1)
- Editionsphilologie (1)
- Ehrenmitglied der Warschauer Gesellschaft der Freunde der Wissenschaften (1)
- Ehrfurcht vor Kosmos (1)
- Eigenspannung (1)
- Einhaltung der Thora (1)
- Einzugsgebietshydrologie Wasserqualitätsmodell (1)
- Elektrolumineszenz (1)
- Elektrolumineszenz-Folie (1)
- Elektronenrückstreubeugung (1)
- Emil du Bois-Reymond (1)
- Endophyten (1)
- Energie (1)
- Englisch (1)
- English (1)
- Entwicklung digitaler Innovationseinheiten (1)
- Epigenetik (1)
- Epiphyten (1)
- Erdbeben (1)
- Erdmantel (1)
- Ernährungsgewohnheit (1)
- Essai politique sur l'île de Cuba (1)
- Essigsäurebakterien (1)
- Essverhalten (1)
- Exhaustivität (1)
- Exoplaneten (1)
- Exoplanetenatmosphären (1)
- Exziton-Dissoziation (1)
- Eye-Tracking-Verfahren (1)
- Eye-tracking (1)
- FATF (1)
- Familiarität (1)
- Faulkner studies (1)
- Faulknerforschung (1)
- Fernerkundung (1)
- Fernerkundung an Vulkanen (1)
- Ferroperiklas (1)
- Fertigung (1)
- Fertigungsunternehmen (1)
- Flavonoide (1)
- Fokus (1)
- Folientunnel (1)
- Französisch (1)
- Frauen (1)
- Frauenbewegung (1)
- Frauenkrimi (1)
- Fremdsprachendidaktik (1)
- French (1)
- Freud-Forschung (1)
- Freud-research (1)
- Frieden (1)
- Förderung junger Wissenschaftler (1)
- GDR law (1)
- GNSS (1)
- GPS (1)
- Gammastrahlen: allgemein (1)
- Gefahren (1)
- Geldwäsche (1)
- General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (1)
- Genomik (1)
- Geomorphologie (1)
- Geophysik (1)
- Georgij Vajner (1938-2009) (1)
- German women's movement (1)
- Geschichte (1)
- Geschichtswissenschaft (1)
- Gletscherschmelze (1)
- Grenzschicht (1)
- Habsburg Empire (1)
- Habsburg Studies (1)
- Habsburgisches Reich (1)
- Habsburgstudien (1)
- Halacha (1)
- Halophyten (1)
- Hebrew Catholics (1)
- Hitzeaktionsplan (1)
- Hitzestress (1)
- Hochdruck (1)
- Hochschuldidaktik (1)
- Hochschulverlage (1)
- Hohlraumeffekte (1)
- Humboldt-Nachlass (1)
- Hydrogele (1)
- Hydrologie (1)
- In-situ Experimente (1)
- Inconel 718 (1)
- Indexauswahl (1)
- Individual Participant Data Metaanalyse (1)
- Indoor farming (1)
- Informationsstruktur (1)
- Inhaltsanalyse (1)
- Instabilitäten (1)
- Interessengrad-Techniken (1)
- Interoperability (1)
- Interoperalität (1)
- Intersections (1)
- Intraklassenkorrelation (1)
- Irisches Englisch (1)
- Irish English (1)
- Islam (1)
- Jewish Christians (1)
- Jewish Studies (1)
- Jewish denominations (1)
- Jewish identity (1)
- Jewish studies (1)
- Judaism (1)
- Judenchristen (1)
- Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz (1)
- Kaiser von Russland und König von Polen (Kongresspolen) (1)
- Kalibrierung an mehreren Standorten (1)
- Kasus (1)
- Kickoff Workshop (1)
- Kinder (1)
- Klimaanpassung (1)
- Klimaresilienz (1)
- Knock in Mäuse (1)
- Koartikulation (1)
- Kognitionspsychologie (1)
- Kohlenstoffnitrid (CN) (1)
- Kommunen (1)
- Komplexität (1)
- Kopfsalat (1)
- Korruption (1)
- Kosmos (1)
- Kovariatenwahl (1)
- Kreativitätstest (1)
- Kriminalfilm (1)
- Kriminalliteratur (1)
- Kuba (1)
- Kunststoff-Additive (1)
- Kurhessen (1)
- Kursdesign (1)
- Ladungsgenerierung (1)
- Landschaftsentwicklung (1)
- Large-Scale Assessment (1)
- Laserstrahlschmelzen (1)
- Lastverteilung (1)
- Lateinunterricht (1)
- Legitimität (1)
- Lehrwerk (1)
- Lerneinheit (1)
- Lerntagebuch (1)
- Lernumgebung (1)
- Lesen (1)
- Lipoxygenase (1)
- Louise Otto-Peters (1)
- Lösungsmittel (1)
- MOOC (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Meereis (1)
- Mehrsprachigkeit (1)
- Mehrsprachigkeitsdidaktik (1)
- Mensch-Technik-Interaktion (1)
- Messianic Jewish Movement (1)
- Messianic Jews (1)
- Messianic Judaism (1)
- Messianische Juden (1)
- Messianism (1)
- Messianismus (1)
- Meta-Selbstanpassung (1)
- Meteorologie (1)
- Methodik (1)
- Micro Degree (1)
- Mikroalgen (1)
- Molekularbiologie (1)
- Moorsukzession (1)
- Moos-Mikroben-Interaktion (1)
- Moos-assoziierte Methanoxidation (1)
- Moos-assoziierte Methanproduktion (1)
- Morphologie (1)
- Nachhaltigkeitsstrategien (1)
- Nahrung der Zukunft (1)
- Nationale Aktionspläne (1)
- Natrium-Ionen-Batterie (1)
- Naturgefahren (1)
- Needs Analysis (1)
- New Spain (1)
- New religious movements (1)
- Nicht-Fulleren-Akzeptoren (1)
- Nikolaus I. (1)
- Numerus (1)
- Nutzer-Engagement (1)
- Oberstes Gericht (1)
- Oesophagus-Schäden (1)
- Online-Lehre (1)
- Onlinekurs (1)
- Onlinekurs-Produktion (1)
- Open Access (1)
- Organisationen (1)
- Permafrost (1)
- Perowskit-Solarzellen (1)
- Pflanzen-Mikroben-Interaktionen (1)
- Pflanzenwachstum (1)
- Pfotenödem Mausmodell (1)
- Philosophie (1)
- Phonetik (1)
- Phonologie (1)
- Physik (1)
- Physiologie (1)
- Politikunterricht (1)
- Potenziale (1)
- Poweranalyse (1)
- Pro Milone (1)
- Probleme (1)
- Produktionssteuerung (1)
- Projektarbeit (1)
- Prototyp (1)
- Psychoanalyse (1)
- Psycholinguistik (1)
- Publication Processes (1)
- Publikationsprozesse (1)
- Rechtswissenschaft (1)
- Reinforcement Learning (1)
- Relativized Minimality (1)
- Relativsätze (1)
- Religionskunde (1)
- Religiöses Leben (1)
- Republiklflucht (1)
- Restaurierung von Flüssen (1)
- Revolution 1848/49 (1)
- Russian (1)
- Russian cultural history (1)
- Russian popular culture (1)
- Russisch (1)
- Russische Kulturgeschichte (1)
- Russische Popularkultur (1)
- SDGs (1)
- SED regime (1)
- SED-Herrschaft (1)
- SERS (1)
- Saline Landwirtschaft (1)
- Schadstofftransport (1)
- Schuld (1)
- Schulleistung (1)
- Schwefel (1)
- Schülermaterial (1)
- Seesediment (1)
- Selection-Linked Integration (1)
- Sequenzielle Likelihood (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Simulation, Größe (1)
- Social Bots erkennen (1)
- Socialist realism (1)
- Softwareanalytik (1)
- Softwareentwicklung (1)
- Softwarevisualisierung (1)
- Solarzellen (1)
- Sozialistischer Realismus (1)
- Soziologie (1)
- Spaltsätze (1)
- Speisegebot (1)
- Spektroskopie (1)
- Sphagnum (1)
- Sprachbewusstheit (1)
- Spracherwerb (1)
- Sprachlernbewusstheit (1)
- Sprachvernetzung (1)
- Sprachverständnis (1)
- Staatsanleihen (1)
- Staatsverschuldung (1)
- Stadtplanung (1)
- Starkregen (1)
- Stereotype (1)
- Stern-Planeten-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Sternphysik (1)
- Strömungsneigung (1)
- Synchrotronstrahlung (1)
- Synthese (1)
- Systemtheorie (1)
- Talmudic Judaism (1)
- Talmudisches Judentum (1)
- Tanz (1)
- Tau-Protein (1)
- Terrorismus (1)
- Test (1)
- Testmanual (1)
- Textur (1)
- Thermoelektrizität (1)
- Thora (1)
- Tod (1)
- Torah (1)
- Torah observance (1)
- Torfmoose (1)
- Transfer (1)
- Transkriptomik (1)
- Translation (1)
- Treemaps (1)
- Tupaia belangeri (1)
- Ultraschall (1)
- Ungewissheit (1)
- University Presses (1)
- Unrechtsjustiz (1)
- Untereinheitenimpfstoff (1)
- Utility-Funktionen (1)
- Verhältnis zu Polen (1)
- Vorhersage (1)
- Vorhersagemodelle (1)
- Vorhofflimmern (1)
- Vorurteile (1)
- Vulkanüberwachung (1)
- Völkerrecht (1)
- WPS Agenda (1)
- WPS agenda (1)
- Wasserdampf (1)
- Web-basiertes Rendering (1)
- Wellen (1)
- William Faulkner (1)
- Wirtschaftsinformatik Projekte (1)
- Wirtsspezifität (1)
- Wissenschaftskommunikation (1)
- Wissenschaftskommunikationstypen (1)
- Workflow Management System (1)
- Workflow-Management-System (1)
- Wurzelhaarbildung (1)
- Wärmefluss (1)
- Wärmekapazität (1)
- Zellmotilität (1)
- Zentraleuropa (1)
- Zusammenhänge der Naturerscheinungen und deren Wechselwirkungen auf einander (1)
- Zustandsverwaltung (1)
- Zuweisung thematischer Rollen (1)
- Zwitterionen (1)
- Zyklone (1)
- achtsames Essen (1)
- actin (1)
- additive Fertigung (1)
- additive manufacturing (1)
- alternative Strafverfolgungsmechanismen (1)
- alternative criminal prosecution mechanisms (1)
- ambivalence (1)
- amnesties (1)
- anode (1)
- anomale Diffusion (1)
- anomalous diffusion (1)
- antifogging additives (1)
- antifouling (1)
- aphasia (1)
- architecture-based software adaptation (1)
- architektonische Schönheit der Humboldt’schen Sprache (1)
- architekturbasierte Softwareanpassung (1)
- assimilatorische Aufnahme (1)
- assimilatory uptake (1)
- atmospheric science (1)
- atrial fibrillation (1)
- atrio-esophageal fistula (1)
- banking (1)
- beliefs (1)
- biclausality (1)
- bilingualism (1)
- biotechnology (1)
- blazar (1)
- bleifreie Perowskit-Solarzellen (1)
- boundary layer (1)
- bourgeoisie (1)
- brown mosses (1)
- bryophytes (1)
- bürgerliches Frauenbild (1)
- cartel (1)
- case (1)
- catchment hydrology Water quality model (1)
- causal AI (1)
- causal discovery (1)
- causal reasoning (1)
- causal structure learning (1)
- cavity effects (1)
- cell motility (1)
- charge generation (1)
- chemically induced dislocation (1)
- chemisch-induzierte Dislokation (1)
- chemistry (1)
- children (1)
- chronosequence study (1)
- clefts (1)
- climate mitigation (1)
- climate resilience (1)
- coarticulation (1)
- cognitive apprenticeship (1)
- cognitive psychology (1)
- collusion (1)
- complexity (1)
- conceptual change (1)
- contaminant transport (1)
- cooperation (1)
- copolymers (1)
- corruption (1)
- cosmic ray propagation (1)
- covariate selection (1)
- creativity test (1)
- cultural conceptualisations (1)
- cultural linguistics (1)
- curriculum innovation (1)
- cyclones (1)
- dance (1)
- data management (1)
- data monetization (1)
- data preparation (1)
- data privacy (1)
- database (1)
- database systems (1)
- death (1)
- debugging (1)
- degree-of-interest techniques (1)
- density (1)
- design parameters (1)
- developing country cities (1)
- diachronic (1)
- diachronisch (1)
- diamond anvil cell (1)
- diffraction (1)
- diffraction elastic constants (1)
- diffraktionselastische Konstanten (1)
- digital education (1)
- digital fashion (1)
- digital innovation units (1)
- digital product development (1)
- digital transformation (1)
- digital transformations (1)
- digital twin (1)
- digitale Geisteswissenschaften (1)
- digitale Innovationseinheit (1)
- digitale Mode (1)
- digitale Produktentwicklung (1)
- digitalization (1)
- discrete choice (1)
- discrimination (1)
- drought (1)
- drug trafficking (1)
- dynamical cognitive modeling (1)
- e-learning (1)
- earth mantle (1)
- earthquake (1)
- eating behavior (1)
- ecology (1)
- ecosystem reconstruction (1)
- electroluminescence (1)
- electroluminescent foil (1)
- electron backscatter diffraction (1)
- emotional cognitive dynamics (1)
- emotional kognitive Dynamiken (1)
- endophytes (1)
- energy (1)
- energy policy (1)
- enzymatische Reaktionsspezifität (1)
- epigenetics (1)
- epiphytes (1)
- equity crowdfunding (1)
- erklärte Varianz (1)
- escalation of commitment (1)
- eskalierendes Commitment (1)
- esophageal injury (1)
- evolution of digital innovation units (1)
- exciton dissociation (1)
- executive functions (1)
- exekutive Funktionen (1)
- exhaustivity (1)
- exoplanet atmospheres (1)
- exoplanets (1)
- experimental studies (1)
- experimentelle Studien (1)
- explained variance (1)
- eye movements (1)
- eye tracking (1)
- eye-tracking (1)
- familiarity (1)
- feminist foreign policy (1)
- feministische Außenpolitik (1)
- ferropericlase (1)
- file structure (1)
- finance (1)
- financial access and inclusion (1)
- fiscal capacity (1)
- fiskalische Kapazität (1)
- flavonoids (1)
- focus (1)
- forecasting (1)
- foreign language teaching (1)
- fragile Staaten (1)
- fragile states (1)
- future food (1)
- galactic magnetic fields (1)
- galaktische Magnetfelder (1)
- gamma rays: general (1)
- ganzzahlige lineare Optimierung (1)
- gemischte Daten (1)
- gender pay gap (1)
- genetic screen (1)
- genetischer Screen (1)
- genomics (1)
- geographische Großstudie (1)
- geomorphology (1)
- geophysics (1)
- geschützter Anbau (1)
- glacier melt (1)
- globales Navigationssatellitensystem (1)
- globales Positionsbestimmungssystem (1)
- graph neural networks (1)
- graphische neuronale Netze (1)
- grazing (1)
- ground motion modeling (1)
- guilt (1)
- halophytes (1)
- hazards (1)
- heat action plan (1)
- heat capacity (1)
- heat flux (1)
- heat stress (1)
- hebräische Katholiken (1)
- hierarchical data (1)
- hierarchische Daten (1)
- high pressure (1)
- high resolution (1)
- history (1)
- hohe Auflösung (1)
- host-specificity (1)
- human diet (1)
- human rights (1)
- human rights violation (1)
- human-technology interaction (1)
- hybrid Bayesian-classical precision simulations (1)
- hybrid fashion (1)
- hybride Bayesianisch-klassische Simulationen der Schätzgenauigkeit (1)
- hydrogels (1)
- hydrology (1)
- hydrothermale Alteration (1)
- immaterielle Mode (1)
- in-operando SAXS (1)
- in-situ testing (1)
- index selection (1)
- individual participant data meta-analysis (1)
- individually, multisite, and cluster randomized trials (1)
- individuell-, block- und cluster-randomisierte Studien (1)
- indoor farming (1)
- infinitely repeated game (1)
- information structure (1)
- information systems projects (1)
- instabilities (1)
- integer linear programming (1)
- interactive visualization (1)
- interaktive Visualisierung (1)
- international criminal law (1)
- international law (1)
- international mutual legal assistance (1)
- internationale Rechtshilfe (1)
- internationales Strafrecht (1)
- interspecies interchange (1)
- intraclass correlation (1)
- jüdische Identität (1)
- jüdische Konfessionen (1)
- kausale Entdeckung (1)
- kausale KI (1)
- kausale Schlussfolgerung (1)
- kausales Strukturlernen (1)
- kulturelle Konzeptualisierungen (1)
- labeling (1)
- lake sediment (1)
- landscape evolution (1)
- language acquisition (1)
- language awareness (1)
- language learning awareness (1)
- large-scale assessment (1)
- large-scale study (1)
- laser powder bed fusion (1)
- lautes Denken (1)
- lead-free perovskites (1)
- leadership (1)
- learning environment (1)
- learning unit (1)
- legitimacy (1)
- lettuce (1)
- linked employer-employee data (1)
- load balancing (1)
- local government (1)
- logical errors (1)
- logische Fehler (1)
- mHM-Nitrat-Modell (1)
- mHM-Nitrate model (1)
- mammalian ALOX15 orthologs (1)
- manufacturing (1)
- manufacturing companies (1)
- maschinelles Lernen (1)
- mass spectrometry (1)
- mechanical behavior (1)
- mechanisches Verhalten (1)
- menschliche Ernährung (1)
- messianisch-jüdische Bewegung (1)
- messianische Juden (1)
- messianisches Judentum (1)
- meta self-adaptation (1)
- meteorology (1)
- methanogenic archaea (1)
- methanotrophic bacteria (1)
- methanoxidierende Bakterien (1)
- methanproduzierende Archaeen (1)
- methodology (1)
- miRNA Regulation (1)
- miRNA regulation (1)
- micro degree (1)
- micro-credential (1)
- microalgae (1)
- microbial soil communities (1)
- mikrobielle Bodengemeinschaften (1)
- mikrobielle Moor-Kerngemeinschaft (1)
- mindful eating (1)
- mindfulness (1)
- mixed data (1)
- mobile-immobile model (MIM) (1)
- model-driven engineering (1)
- modellgesteuerte Entwicklung (1)
- modular production (1)
- modulare Produktion (1)
- molecular biology (1)
- money laundering (1)
- morpho-syntactic features (1)
- morpho-syntaktische Merkmale (1)
- morphology (1)
- moss-associated archaea (1)
- moss-associated bacteria (1)
- moss-associated methanogenesis (1)
- moss-associated methanotrophy (1)
- moss-microbe-interactions (1)
- multi-site calibration (1)
- multilevel (latent covariate) models (1)
- multilingual didactics (1)
- multilingualism (1)
- national action plans (1)
- natural hazards (1)
- neue religiöse Bewegungen (1)
- nicht-parametrische bedingte Unabhängigkeitstests (1)
- nicht-thermische Strahlung (1)
- non-fullerene acceptors (1)
- non-parametric conditional independence testing (1)
- non-thermal radiation (1)
- northern peatlands (1)
- number (1)
- nördliche Moore (1)
- online course creation (1)
- online course design (1)
- online teaching (1)
- optical properties (1)
- optische Eigenschaften (1)
- organic solar cell (1)
- organic-inorganic hybrids (1)
- organisch-anorganische Hybride (1)
- organische Solarzelle (1)
- organisierte Kriminalität (1)
- organizations (1)
- organized crime (1)
- parameter transferability (1)
- partial replication (1)
- partielle Replikation (1)
- peace (1)
- peatland core microbiome (1)
- peatland development (1)
- permafrost (1)
- perovskite (1)
- perovskite solar cells (1)
- persistent memory (1)
- persistenter Speicher (1)
- pflanzliche Sekundär Metabolite (1)
- phonetics (1)
- phonology (1)
- photovoltaische Materialien (1)
- physics (1)
- plant growth (1)
- plant secondary metabolites (1)
- plant-microbe interactions (1)
- plastic additives (1)
- plurilingualism (1)
- pluvial flooding (1)
- pmem (1)
- political science (1)
- pollution (1)
- polytunnel (1)
- postmodern crime fiction (1)
- postmoderner Krimi (1)
- potentials (1)
- power analysis (1)
- prediction models (1)
- prisoner’s dilemma (1)
- privacy management (1)
- problems (1)
- production control (1)
- progressive rendering (1)
- progressives Rendering (1)
- promises (1)
- protected cultivation (1)
- prototype (1)
- psychoanalysis (1)
- psycholinguistics (1)
- public administration (1)
- public debt (1)
- public good (1)
- rapid earthquake impact assessment (1)
- reading (1)
- reinforcement learning (1)
- relative clauses (1)
- relativierte Minimalitätstheorie (1)
- relativistic processes (1)
- relativistische Prozesse (1)
- remote sensing (1)
- residual stress (1)
- river restoration (1)
- root hair formation (1)
- räumlich-zeitliche Validierung (1)
- römisches Recht (1)
- saline agriculture (1)
- scalable (1)
- schnelle Einschätzung von Erdbebenauswirkungen (1)
- schwach elektrischer Fisch (1)
- science communication (1)
- science communication types (1)
- sea ice (1)
- secondary plant metabolites (1)
- sedimentary ancient DNA (1)
- seismic hazard (1)
- seismische Gefährdung (1)
- sekundäre Pflanzenstoffe (1)
- selbstanpassende Systeme (1)
- selbstheilende Systeme (1)
- selection-linked integration (1)
- self-adaptive systems (1)
- self-healing (1)
- sequential likelihood (1)
- simulation (1)
- simulation, size (1)
- skalierbar (1)
- social bot detection (1)
- socio-technical system (1)
- sociology (1)
- sodium-ion battery (1)
- soft information (1)
- software analytics (1)
- software development (1)
- software visualization (1)
- soil hydrology (1)
- soil moisture (1)
- solar cells (1)
- sovereign exposure (1)
- sozio-technisches System (1)
- spatiotemporal validation (1)
- spectroscopy (1)
- spoken sentence comprehension (1)
- stabile Schichtung (1)
- stable stratification (1)
- star-planet interaction (1)
- state management (1)
- statistics (1)
- stellar physics (1)
- strategic uncertainty (1)
- stream denitrification (1)
- stream sinuosity (1)
- student achievement (1)
- städtisch (1)
- städtischer Wärmeinseleffekt (1)
- subunit vaccine (1)
- sulfur (1)
- suppression conventions (1)
- supreme court of the GDR (1)
- suspended sediment (1)
- suspendiertes Sediment (1)
- sustainability strategies (1)
- synchrotron radiation (1)
- synthesis (1)
- systematic (1)
- systematisch (1)
- systemic risk (1)
- systemisches Risiko (1)
- systems theory (1)
- tabellarische Dateien (1)
- tabular data (1)
- tau proteins (1)
- teaching material (1)
- terrorism (1)
- test (1)
- test manual (1)
- textbook (1)
- texture (1)
- thematic-role assignment (1)
- theological field study (1)
- theologische Feldstudie (1)
- thermic catheter ablation (1)
- thermische Katheterablation (1)
- thermoelectricity (1)
- think aloud (1)
- tin perovskites (1)
- transcriptomics (1)
- transfer (1)
- translation (1)
- transnational crime (1)
- transnational criminal law (1)
- transnationale Kriminalität (1)
- transnationales Strafrecht (1)
- travel ban (1)
- treeline dynamics (1)
- treemaps (1)
- tropical freshwater fish (1)
- tropische Süßwasserfische (1)
- ultra-high energy cosmic rays (1)
- ultrahochenergetische kosmische Strahlung (1)
- ultrasound tongue imaging (1)
- uncertainty (1)
- unreal fashion (1)
- urban heat island (1)
- user engagement (1)
- utility functions (1)
- virtual fashion (1)
- virtuelle Mode (1)
- visuality and narrative (1)
- visuell-linguistische Integration (1)
- visuo-linguistic integration (1)
- volcanic hydrothermal systems (1)
- volcano remote sensing (1)
- voting (1)
- vulkanische Entgasungs-und Hydrothermalsysteme (1)
- vulkanische Entgasungssysteme (1)
- water vapour (1)
- waves (1)
- weakly electric fish (1)
- web-based rendering (1)
- women (1)
- women’s crime fiction (1)
- word-image relations (1)
- zentrale Anden (1)
- zwitterions (1)
- Ökologie (1)
- Ökosystem-Rekonstruktion (1)
- Überschneidungen (1)
- Übertragbarkeit der Parameter (1)
- öffentliche Verwaltung (1)
- детективный жанр (1)
- женский детектив (1)
- история русской культуры (1)
- постмодернистский детектив (1)
- русская популярная культура (1)
- социалистический реализм (1)
Institute
- Extern (15)
- Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH (10)
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (10)
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (8)
- Center for Economic Policy Analysis (CEPA) (7)
- Fachgruppe Volkswirtschaftslehre (7)
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (6)
- Institut für Chemie (5)
- Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie (5)
- Department Linguistik (4)
Additive manufacturing (AM) processes enable the production of metal structures with exceptional design freedom, of which laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) is one of the most common. In this process, a laser melts a bed of loose feedstock powder particles layer-by-layer to build a structure with the desired geometry. During fabrication, the repeated melting and rapid, directional solidification create large temperature gradients that generate large thermal stress. This thermal stress can itself lead to cracking or delamination during fabrication. More often, large residual stresses remain in the final part as a footprint of the thermal stress. This residual stress can cause premature distortion or even failure of the part in service. Hence, knowledge of the residual stress field is critical for both process optimization and structural integrity.
Diffraction-based techniques allow the non-destructive characterization of the residual stress fields. However, such methods require a good knowledge of the material of interest, as certain assumptions must be made to accurately determine residual stress. First, the measured lattice plane spacings must be converted to lattice strains with the knowledge of a strain-free material state. Second, the measured lattice strains must be related to the macroscopic stress using Hooke's law, which requires knowledge of the stiffness of the material. Since most crystal structures exhibit anisotropic material behavior, the elastic behavior is specific to each lattice plane of the single crystal. Thus, the use of individual lattice planes in monochromatic diffraction residual stress analysis requires knowledge of the lattice plane-specific elastic properties. In addition, knowledge of the microstructure of the material is required for a reliable assessment of residual stress.
This work presents a toolbox for reliable diffraction-based residual stress analysis. This is presented for a nickel-based superalloy produced by PBF-LB. First, this work reviews the existing literature in the field of residual stress analysis of laser-based AM using diffraction-based techniques. Second, the elastic and plastic anisotropy of the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 produced by PBF-LB is studied using in situ energy dispersive synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques. These experiments are complemented by ex situ material characterization techniques. These methods establish the relationship between the microstructure and texture of the material and its elastic and plastic anisotropy. Finally, surface, sub-surface, and bulk residual stress are determined using a texture-based approach. Uncertainties of different methods for obtaining stress-free reference values are discussed.
The tensile behavior in the as-built condition is shown to be controlled by texture and cellular sub-grain structure, while in the heat-treated condition the precipitation of strengthening phases and grain morphology dictate the behavior. In fact, the results of this thesis show that the diffraction elastic constants depend on the underlying microstructure, including texture and grain morphology. For columnar microstructures in both as-built and heat-treated conditions, the diffraction elastic constants are best described by the Reuss iso-stress model. Furthermore, the low accumulation of intergranular strains during deformation demonstrates the robustness of using the 311 reflection for the diffraction-based residual stress analysis with columnar textured microstructures. The differences between texture-based and quasi-isotropic approaches for the residual stress analysis are shown to be insignificant in the observed case. However, the analysis of the sub-surface residual stress distributions show, that different scanning strategies result in a change in the orientation of the residual stress tensor. Furthermore, the location of the critical sub-surface tensile residual stress is related to the surface roughness and the microstructure. Finally, recommendations are given for the diffraction-based determination and evaluation of residual stress in textured additively manufactured alloys.
Die Begrenzung systemischer Risiken ist essentieller Bestandteil der neuen internationalen Finanzmarktordnung. Dabei galt es nicht nur die Verflechtung der Banken untereinander, sondern auch die Verbindung zwischen den Staatsfinanzen und der Solvenz der nationalen Bankensysteme (dem sog. Risikoverbund zwischen Staat und Banken) zu durchbrechen. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Entwicklung der Forderungen gegenüber Staaten in den Bankbilanzen der Euroländer und des Eurosystems im Zeitverlauf sowie den daraus erwachsenden Risiken für die Finanzstabilität. Hierzu werden die Determinanten des Risikoverbunds theoretisch wie empirisch analysiert. Die fiskalische Kapazität der Eurostaaten wird anhand verschiedener Faktoren wie der Verschuldungsquote, dem Leistungsbilanzsaldo und der Kredit-BIP Lücke aufgezeigt; anschließend werden die Strukturen der Bankensysteme im Euroraum untersucht. Im Einzelnen werden die private und staatliche Gesamtverschuldung, die konsolidierte Bankenbilanzsumme und die darin enthaltenen Verbindlichkeiten sowie der Anteil des Bankensektors an der Bruttowertschöpfung in Relation zur Wirtschaftsleistung betrachtet. Außerdem finden NPE-Bestände in den Bankbilanzen sowie die Renditen der emittierten Staatsanleihen und damit in Verbindung stehenden CDS-Spreads Betrachtung. Zusätzlich werden die Konzentration, der Verschuldungsgrad, Liquiditätsziffern sowie länderspezifische Unterschiede in Art und Fristigkeit der Refinanzierung der Bankensektoren abgebildet. Auf Basis der empirischen Befunde werden im Hinblick auf die wechselseitigen Ansteckungseffekte zwischen Banken und Staaten Implikationen für die Finanzmarktregulierung diskutiert.
The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) has identified river morphological alteration and diffuse pollution as the two main pressures affecting water bodies in Europe at the catchment scale. Consequently, river restoration has become a priority to achieve the WFD's objective of good ecological status. However, little is known about the effects of stream morphological changes, such as re-meandering, on in-stream nitrate retention at the river network scale. Therefore, catchment nitrate modeling is necessary to guide the implementation of spatially targeted and cost-effective mitigation measures. Meanwhile, Germany, like many other regions in central Europe, has experienced consecutive summer droughts from 2015-2018, resulting in significant changes in river nitrate concentrations in various catchments. However, the mechanistic exploration of catchment nitrate responses to changing weather conditions is still lacking.
Firstly, a fully distributed, process-based catchment Nitrate model (mHM-Nitrate) was used, which was properly calibrated and comprehensively evaluated at numerous spatially distributed nitrate sampling locations. Three calibration schemes were designed, taking into account land use, stream order, and mean nitrate concentrations, and they varied in spatial coverage but used data from the same period (2011–2019). The model performance for discharge was similar among the three schemes, with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) scores ranging from 0.88 to 0.92. However, for nitrate concentrations, scheme 2 outperformed schemes 1 and 3 when compared to observed data from eight gauging stations. This was likely because scheme 2 incorporated a diverse range of data, including low discharge values and nitrate concentrations, and thus provided a better representation of within-catchment heterogenous. Therefore, the study suggests that strategically selecting gauging stations that reflect the full range of within-catchment heterogeneity is more important for calibration than simply increasing the number of stations.
Secondly, the mHM-Nitrate model was used to reveal the causal relations between sequential droughts and nitrate concentration in the Bode catchment (3200 km2) in central Germany, where stream nitrate concentrations exhibited contrasting trends from upstream to downstream reaches. The model was evaluated using data from six gauging stations, reflecting different levels of runoff components and their associated nitrate-mixing from upstream to downstream. Results indicated that the mHM-Nitrate model reproduced dynamics of daily discharge and nitrate concentration well, with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency ≥ 0.73 for discharge and Kling-Gupta Efficiency ≥ 0.50 for nitrate concentration at most stations. Particularly, the spatially contrasting trends of nitrate concentration were successfully captured by the model. The decrease of nitrate concentration in the lowland area in drought years (2015-2018) was presumably due to (1) limited terrestrial export loading (ca. 40% lower than that of normal years 2004-2014), and (2) increased in-stream retention efficiency (20% higher in summer within the whole river network). From a mechanistic modelling perspective, this study provided insights into spatially heterogeneous flow and nitrate dynamics and effects of sequential droughts, which shed light on water-quality responses to future climate change, as droughts are projected to be more frequent.
Thirdly, this study investigated the effects of stream restoration via re-meandering on in-stream nitrate retention at network-scale in the well-monitored Bode catchment. The mHM-Nitrate model showed good performance in reproducing daily discharge and nitrate concentrations, with median Kling-Gupta values of 0.78 and 0.74, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of gross nitrate retention efficiency, which accounted for both denitrification and assimilatory uptake, were 5.1 ± 0.61% and 74.7 ± 23.2% in winter and summer, respectively, within the stream network. The study found that in the summer, denitrification rates were about two times higher in lowland sub-catchments dominated by agricultural lands than in mountainous sub-catchments dominated by forested areas, with median ± SD of 204 ± 22.6 and 102 ± 22.1 mg N m-2 d-1, respectively. Similarly, assimilatory uptake rates were approximately five times higher in streams surrounded by lowland agricultural areas than in those in higher-elevation, forested areas, with median ± SD of 200 ± 27.1 and 39.1 ± 8.7 mg N m-2 d-1, respectively. Therefore, restoration strategies targeting lowland agricultural areas may have greater potential for increasing nitrate retention. The study also found that restoring stream sinuosity could increase net nitrate retention efficiency by up to 25.4 ± 5.3%, with greater effects seen in small streams. These results suggest that restoration efforts should consider augmenting stream sinuosity to increase nitrate retention and decrease nitrate concentrations at the catchment scale.
Climate change fundamentally transforms glaciated high-alpine regions, with well-known cryospheric and hydrological implications, such as accelerating glacier retreat, transiently increased runoff, longer snow-free periods and more frequent and intense summer rainstorms. These changes affect the availability and transport of sediments in high alpine areas by altering the interaction and intensity of different erosion processes and catchment properties.
Gaining insight into the future alterations in suspended sediment transport by high alpine streams is crucial, given its wide-ranging implications, e.g. for flood damage potential, flood hazard in downstream river reaches, hydropower production, riverine ecology and water quality. However, the current understanding of how climate change will impact suspended sediment dynamics in these high alpine regions is limited. For one, this is due to the scarcity of measurement time series that are long enough to e.g. infer trends. On the other hand, it is difficult – if not impossible – to develop process-based models, due to the complexity and multitude of processes involved in high alpine sediment dynamics. Therefore, knowledge has so far been confined to conceptual models (which do not facilitate deriving concrete timings or magnitudes for individual catchments) or qualitative estimates (‘higher export in warmer years’) that may not be able to capture decreases in sediment export. Recently, machine-learning approaches have gained in popularity for modeling sediment dynamics, since their black box nature tailors them to the problem at hand, i.e. relatively well-understood input and output data, linked by very complex processes.
Therefore, the overarching aim of this thesis is to estimate sediment export from the high alpine Ötztal valley in Tyrol, Austria, over decadal timescales in the past and future – i.e. timescales relevant to anthropogenic climate change. This is achieved by informing, extending, evaluating and applying a quantile regression forest (QRF) approach, i.e. a nonparametric, multivariate machine-learning technique based on random forest.
The first study included in this thesis aimed to understand present sediment dynamics, i.e. in the period with available measurements (up to 15 years). To inform the modeling setup for the two subsequent studies, this study identified the most important predictors, areas within the catchments and time periods. To that end, water and sediment yields from three nested gauges in the upper Ötztal, Vent, Sölden and Tumpen (98 to almost 800 km² catchment area, 930 to 3772 m a.s.l.) were analyzed for their distribution in space, their seasonality and spatial differences therein, and the relative importance of short-term events. The findings suggest that the areas situated above 2500 m a.s.l., containing glacier tongues and recently deglaciated areas, play a pivotal role in sediment generation across all sub-catchments. In contrast, precipitation events were relatively unimportant (on average, 21 % of annual sediment yield was associated to precipitation events). Thus, the second and third study focused on the Vent catchment and its sub-catchment above gauge Vernagt (11.4 and 98 km², 1891 to 3772 m a.s.l.), due to their higher share of areas above 2500 m. Additionally, they included discharge, precipitation and air temperature (as well as their antecedent conditions) as predictors.
The second study aimed to estimate sediment export since the 1960s/70s at gauges Vent and Vernagt. This was facilitated by the availability of long records of the predictors, discharge, precipitation and air temperature, and shorter records (four and 15 years) of turbidity-derived sediment concentrations at the two gauges. The third study aimed to estimate future sediment export until 2100, by applying the QRF models developed in the second study to pre-existing precipitation and temperature projections (EURO-CORDEX) and discharge projections (physically-based hydroclimatological and snow model AMUNDSEN) for the three representative concentration pathways RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5.
The combined results of the second and third study show overall increasing sediment export in the past and decreasing export in the future. This suggests that peak sediment is underway or has already passed – unless precipitation changes unfold differently than represented in the projections or changes in the catchment erodibility prevail and override these trends. Despite the overall future decrease, very high sediment export is possible in response to precipitation events. This two-fold development has important implications for managing sediment, flood hazard and riverine ecology.
This thesis shows that QRF can be a very useful tool to model sediment export in high-alpine areas. Several validations in the second study showed good performance of QRF and its superiority to traditional sediment rating curves – especially in periods that contained high sediment export events, which points to its ability to deal with threshold effects. A technical limitation of QRF is the inability to extrapolate beyond the range of values represented in the training data. We assessed the number and severity of such out-of-observation-range (OOOR) days in both studies, which showed that there were few OOOR days in the second study and that uncertainties associated with OOOR days were small before 2070 in the third study. As the pre-processed data and model code have been made publically available, future studies can easily test further approaches or apply QRF to further catchments.
Large parts of the Earth’s interior are inaccessible to direct observation, yet global geodynamic processes are governed by the physical material properties under extreme pressure and temperature conditions. It is therefore essential to investigate the deep Earth’s physical properties through in-situ laboratory experiments. With this goal in mind, the optical properties of mantle minerals at high pressure offer a unique way to determine a variety of physical properties, in a straight-forward, reproducible, and time-effective manner, thus providing valuable insights into the physical processes of the deep Earth. This thesis focusses on the system Mg-Fe-O, specifically on the optical properties of periclase (MgO) and its iron-bearing variant ferropericlase ((Mg,Fe)O), forming a major planetary building block. The primary objective is to establish links between physical material properties and optical properties. In particular the spin transition in ferropericlase, the second-most abundant phase of the lower mantle, is known to change the physical material properties. Although the spin transition region likely extends down to the core-mantle boundary, the ef-fects of the mixed-spin state, where both high- and low-spin state are present, remains poorly constrained.
In the studies presented herein, we show how optical properties are linked to physical properties such as electrical conductivity, radiative thermal conductivity and viscosity. We also show how the optical properties reveal changes in the chemical bonding. Furthermore, we unveil how the chemical bonding, the optical and other physical properties are affected by the iron spin transition. We find opposing trends in the pres-sure dependence of the refractive index of MgO and (Mg,Fe)O. From 1 atm to ~140 GPa, the refractive index of MgO decreases by ~2.4% from 1.737 to 1.696 (±0.017). In contrast, the refractive index of (Mg0.87Fe0.13)O (Fp13) and (Mg0.76Fe0.24)O (Fp24) ferropericlase increases with pressure, likely because Fe Fe interactions between adjacent iron sites hinder a strong decrease of polarizability, as it is observed with increasing density in the case of pure MgO. An analysis of the index dispersion in MgO (decreasing by ~23% from 1 atm to ~103 GPa) reflects a widening of the band gap from ~7.4 eV at 1 atm to ~8.5 (±0.6) eV at ~103 GPa. The index dispersion (between 550 and 870 nm) of Fp13 reveals a decrease by a factor of ~3 over the spin transition range (~44–100 GPa). We show that the electrical band gap of ferropericlase significantly widens up to ~4.7 eV in the mixed spin region, equivalent to an increase by a factor of ~1.7. We propose that this is due to a lower electron mobility between adjacent Fe2+ sites of opposite spin, explaining the previously observed low electrical conductivity in the mixed spin region. From the study of absorbance spectra in Fp13, we show an increasing covalency of the Fe-O bond with pressure for high-spin ferropericlase, whereas in the low-spin state a trend to a more ionic nature of the Fe-O bond is observed, indicating a bond weakening effect of the spin transition. We found that the spin transition is ultimately caused by both an increase of the ligand field-splitting energy and a decreasing spin-pairing energy of high-spin Fe2+.
Vergangenheit ist vergangen, Geschichte wird gemacht. An diesem Konstruktionsprozess sind nicht nur die historischen Akteur:innen und deren Quellen, sondern in besonderem Maße auch die Historiker:innen, die sich mit diesen auseinandersetzen, beteiligt. Sie sind es, die die Quellen erst zum Sprudeln bringen. Was dabei zutage tritt, ist somit in hohem Maße von den Forschenden selbst, von ihren Vorannahmen und Methoden aber auch von ihren sozialen, kulturellen und biografischen Prägungen abhängig. Das hier vorgestellte Prozessmodell versucht, diese als Einflussfaktoren zu fassen und sichtbar zu machen, um auf dieser Basis eine erweiterte wissenschaftliche (Selbst-)Reflexion zu ermöglichen.
The evaluation of process-oriented cognitive theories through time-ordered observations is crucial for the advancement of cognitive science. The findings presented herein integrate insights from research on eye-movement control and sentence comprehension during reading, addressing challenges in modeling time-ordered data, statistical inference, and interindividual variability. Using kernel density estimation and a pseudo-marginal likelihood for fixation durations and locations, a likelihood implementation of the SWIFT model of eye-movement control during reading (Engbert et al., Psychological Review, 112, 2005, pp. 777–813) is proposed. Within the broader framework of data assimilation, Bayesian parameter inference with adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques is facilitated for reliable model fitting. Across the different studies, this framework has shown to enable reliable parameter recovery from simulated data and prediction of experimental summary statistics. Despite its complexity, SWIFT can be fitted within a principled Bayesian workflow, capturing interindividual differences and modeling experimental effects on reading across different geometrical alterations of text. Based on these advancements, the integrated dynamical model SEAM is proposed, which combines eye-movement control, a traditionally psychological research area, and post-lexical language processing in the form of cue-based memory retrieval (Lewis & Vasishth, Cognitive Science, 29, 2005, pp. 375–419), typically the purview of psycholinguistics. This proof-of-concept integration marks a significant step forward in natural language comprehension during reading and suggests that the presented methodology can be useful to develop complex cognitive dynamical models that integrate processes at levels of perception, higher cognition, and (oculo-)motor control. These findings collectively advance process-oriented cognitive modeling and highlight the importance of Bayesian inference, individual differences, and interdisciplinary integration for a holistic understanding of reading processes. Implications for theory and methodology, including proposals for model comparison and hierarchical parameter inference, are briefly discussed.
Open edX is an incredible platform to deliver MOOCs and SPOCs, designed to be robust and support hundreds of thousands of students at the same time. Nevertheless, it lacks a lot of the fine-grained functionality needed to handle students individually in an on-campus course. This short session will present the ongoing project undertaken by the 6 public universities of the Region of Madrid plus the Universitat Politècnica de València, in the framework of a national initiative called UniDigital, funded by the Ministry of Universities of Spain within the Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia of the European Union. This project, led by three of these Spanish universities (UC3M, UPV, UAM), is investing more than half a million euros with the purpose of bringing the Open edX platform closer to the functionalities required for an LMS to support on-campus teaching. The aim of the project is to coordinate what is going to be developed with the Open edX development community, so these developments are incorporated into the core of the Open edX platform in its next releases. Features like a complete redesign of platform analytics to make them real-time, the creation of dashboards based on these analytics, the integration of a system for customized automatic feedback, improvement of exams and tasks and the extension of grading capabilities, improvements in the graphical interfaces for both students and teachers, the extension of the emailing capabilities, redesign of the file management system, integration of H5P content, the integration of a tool to create mind maps, the creation of a system to detect students at risk, or the integration of an advanced voice assistant and a gamification mobile app, among others, are part of the functionalities to be developed. The idea is to transform a first-class MOOC platform into the next on-campus LMS.
It is a well-attested finding in head-initial languages that individuals with aphasia (IWA) have greater difficulties in comprehending object-extracted relative clauses (ORCs) as compared to subject-extracted relative clauses (SRCs). Adopting the linguistically based approach of Relativized Minimality (RM; Rizzi, 1990, 2004), the subject-object asymmetry is attributed to the occurrence of a Minimality effect in ORCs due to reduced processing capacities in IWA (Garraffa & Grillo, 2008; Grillo, 2008, 2009). For ORCs, it is claimed that the embedded subject intervenes in the syntactic dependency between the moved object and its trace, resulting in greater processing demands. In contrast, no such intervener is present in SRCs. Based on the theoretical framework of RM and findings from language acquisition (Belletti et al., 2012; Friedmann et al., 2009), it is assumed that Minimality effects are alleviated when the moved object and the intervening subject differ in terms of relevant syntactic features. For German, the language under investigation, the RM approach predicts that number (i.e., singular vs. plural) and the lexical restriction [+NP] feature (i.e., lexically restricted determiner phrases vs. lexically unrestricted pronouns) are considered relevant in the computation of Minimality. Greater degrees of featural distinctiveness are predicted to result in more facilitated processing of ORCs, because IWA can more easily distinguish between the moved object and the intervener.
This cumulative dissertation aims to provide empirical evidence on the validity of the RM approach in accounting for comprehension patterns during relative clause (RC) processing in German-speaking IWA. For that purpose, I conducted two studies including visual-world eye-tracking experiments embedded within an auditory referent-identification task to study the offline and online processing of German RCs. More specifically, target sentences were created to evaluate (a) whether IWA demonstrate a subject-object asymmetry, (b) whether dissimilarity in the number and/or the [+NP] features facilitates ORC processing, and (c) whether sentence processing in IWA benefits from greater degrees of featural distinctiveness. Furthermore, by comparing RCs disambiguated through case marking (at the relative pronoun or the following noun phrase) and number marking (inflection of the sentence-final verb), it was possible to consider the role of the relative position of the disambiguation point. The RM approach predicts that dissimilarity in case should not affect the occurrence of Minimality effects. However, the case cue to sentence interpretation appears earlier within RCs than the number cue, which may result in lower processing costs in case-disambiguated RCs compared to number-disambiguated RCs.
In study I, target sentences varied with respect to word order (SRC vs. ORC) and dissimilarity in the [+NP] feature (lexically restricted determiner phrase vs. pronouns as embedded element). Moreover, by comparing the impact of these manipulations in case- and number-disambiguated RCs, the effect of dissimilarity in the number feature was explored. IWA demonstrated a subject-object asymmetry, indicating the occurrence of a Minimality effect in ORCs. However, dissimilarity neither in the number feature nor in the [+NP] feature alone facilitated ORC processing. Instead, only ORCs involving distinct specifications of both the number and the [+NP] features were well comprehended by IWA. In study II, only temporarily ambiguous ORCs disambiguated through case or number marking were investigated, while controlling for varying points of disambiguation. There was a slight processing advantage of case marking as cue to sentence interpretation as compared to number marking.
Taken together, these findings suggest that the RM approach can only partially capture empirical data from German IWA. In processing complex syntactic structures, IWA are susceptible to the occurrence of the intervening subject in ORCs. The new findings reported in the thesis show that structural dissimilarity can modulate sentence comprehension in aphasia. Interestingly, IWA can override Minimality effects in ORCs and derive correct sentence meaning if the featural specifications of the constituents are maximally different, because they can more easily distinguish the moved object and the intervening subject given their reduced processing capacities. This dissertation presents new scientific knowledge that highlights how the syntactic theory of RM helps to uncover selective effects of morpho-syntactic features on sentence comprehension in aphasia, emphasizing the close link between assumptions from theoretical syntax and empirical research.
To manage tabular data files and leverage their content in a given downstream task, practitioners often design and execute complex transformation pipelines to prepare them. The complexity of such pipelines stems from different factors, including the nature of the preparation tasks, often exploratory or ad-hoc to specific datasets; the large repertory of tools, algorithms, and frameworks that practitioners need to master; and the volume, variety, and velocity of the files to be prepared. Metadata plays a fundamental role in reducing this complexity: characterizing a file assists end users in the design of data preprocessing pipelines, and furthermore paves the way for suggestion, automation, and optimization of data preparation tasks.
Previous research in the areas of data profiling, data integration, and data cleaning, has focused on extracting and characterizing metadata regarding the content of tabular data files, i.e., about the records and attributes of tables. Content metadata are useful for the latter stages of a preprocessing pipeline, e.g., error correction, duplicate detection, or value normalization, but they require a properly formed tabular input. Therefore, these metadata are not relevant for the early stages of a preparation pipeline, i.e., to correctly parse tables out of files. In this dissertation, we turn our focus to what we call the structure of a tabular data file, i.e., the set of characters within a file that do not represent data values but are required to parse and understand the content of the file. We provide three different approaches to represent file structure, an explicit representation based on context-free grammars; an implicit representation based on file-wise similarity; and a learned representation based on machine learning.
In our first contribution, we use the grammar-based representation to characterize a set of over 3000 real-world csv files and identify multiple structural issues that let files deviate from the csv standard, e.g., by having inconsistent delimiters or containing multiple tables. We leverage our learnings about real-world files and propose Pollock, a benchmark to test how well systems parse csv files that have a non-standard structure, without any previous preparation. We report on our experiments on using Pollock to evaluate the performance of 16 real-world data management systems.
Following, we characterize the structure of files implicitly, by defining a measure of structural similarity for file pairs. We design a novel algorithm to compute this measure, which is based on a graph representation of the files' content. We leverage this algorithm and propose Mondrian, a graphical system to assist users in identifying layout templates in a dataset, classes of files that have the same structure, and therefore can be prepared by applying the same preparation pipeline.
Finally, we introduce MaGRiTTE, a novel architecture that uses self-supervised learning to automatically learn structural representations of files in the form of vectorial embeddings at three different levels: cell level, row level, and file level. We experiment with the application of structural embeddings for several tasks, namely dialect detection, row classification, and data preparation efforts estimation.
Our experimental results show that structural metadata, either identified explicitly on parsing grammars, derived implicitly as file-wise similarity, or learned with the help of machine learning architectures, is fundamental to automate several tasks, to scale up preparation to large quantities of files, and to provide repeatable preparation pipelines.