Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Wissenschaftlicher Artikel (113)
- Postprint (38)
- Konferenzveröffentlichung (33)
- Sonstiges (13)
- Preprint (3)
- Rezension (2)
Gehört zur Bibliographie
- ja (202) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- sonography (15)
- EMG (9)
- MiSpEx (8)
- young athletes (8)
- Exercise (6)
- reliability (6)
- Basketball (5)
- Children (5)
- Functional ankle instability (5)
- Perturbation (5)
- Sensorimotor training (5)
- back pain (5)
- neovascularization (5)
- performance (5)
- trunk (5)
- Ankle sprain (4)
- Knees (4)
- Legs (4)
- Telerehabilitation (4)
- advanced dynamic flow (4)
- exercise (4)
- low back pain (4)
- tendinopathy (4)
- training adaptation (4)
- ultrasound (4)
- validity (4)
- yellow flags (4)
- Achilles and patellar tendon (3)
- Achilles tendon (3)
- Aftercare (3)
- Ankle injury (3)
- Doppler ultrasound (3)
- Electromyography (3)
- Exercise therapy (3)
- Gait (3)
- Home-based (3)
- MiSpEx* (3)
- Perceived ankle instability (3)
- Prevalence (3)
- SEMG-pattern (3)
- Split-belt treadmill (3)
- Stumbling (3)
- Survey (3)
- Total hip replacement (3)
- Total knee replacement (3)
- Young athletes (3)
- adolescents (3)
- core (3)
- drop jump (3)
- epidemiology (3)
- instability (3)
- isokinetic (3)
- lactate threshold (3)
- musculoskeletal (3)
- neuromuscular (3)
- non-athletes (3)
- pre-activity (3)
- prevalence (3)
- 24 h recall (2)
- Advanced Dynamic Flow (2)
- Ankles (2)
- Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (2)
- Athletes (2)
- Back pain diagnosis (2)
- Back pain prognosis (2)
- Body limbs (2)
- Calorimetry (2)
- Core (2)
- ECG (2)
- Energy requirement (2)
- Excursion Balance Test (2)
- Fat-free mass (2)
- Female Collegiate Soccer (2)
- Gait perturbation (2)
- Hip (2)
- Injury (2)
- Lower-Extremity Injury (2)
- Lumbar Spine (2)
- Metabolic syndrome (2)
- MiSpEx-network (2)
- Mobile diagnostics (2)
- Musculoskeletal injury (2)
- Nutrition (2)
- Nutritional counseling (2)
- PROGRESS/TRIPOD (2)
- Pain occurrence (2)
- Pain screening (2)
- Performance (2)
- Physical activity (2)
- Prediction of disability/intensity (2)
- Prevention (2)
- Reliability (2)
- Running (2)
- Rural health (2)
- Sensory perception (2)
- Skeletal joints (2)
- Sports injury (2)
- Stability (2)
- Surgical and invasive medical procedures (2)
- Systematic reviews (2)
- Tendinopathy (2)
- Tendons (2)
- Test-Retest Reliability (2)
- Training volume (2)
- Treadmill walking (2)
- Ultrasonography (2)
- Variability (2)
- Walking (2)
- Yellow flags (2)
- achilles tendinopathy (2)
- adolescent sport (2)
- aftercare (2)
- amateur soccer players (2)
- athlete (2)
- body-mass index (2)
- cardiopulmonary exercise testing (2)
- childhood obesity (2)
- complaints (2)
- cruciate ligament injury (2)
- dietary intake (2)
- eccentric (2)
- echocardiography (2)
- elite athletes (2)
- exercise induced muscle damage (2)
- exercise program (2)
- exercise therapy (2)
- forces (2)
- hamstring injuries (2)
- home-based (2)
- hypoechogenicities (2)
- individual anaerobic threshold (2)
- inflammation (2)
- interleukin-6 (2)
- internleukin-10 (2)
- isokinetics (2)
- long-distance race car driving (2)
- low-back-pain (2)
- motor-control-exercise (2)
- multidisciplinary-therapy (2)
- muscle fatigue (2)
- overhead athlete (2)
- overuse injuries (2)
- overweight children (2)
- paediatric athlete (2)
- perturbation (2)
- pilot study (2)
- plantar fascia (2)
- plantar pressure distribution (2)
- pre-participation screening (2)
- prepubescent children (2)
- prevention (2)
- psychosocial risk factors (2)
- randomized-controlled-trial (2)
- rehabilitation (2)
- repeated bout effect (2)
- reproducibility (2)
- risk factors (2)
- risk-factors (2)
- rotator cuff (2)
- runners (2)
- self-efficacy (2)
- shoulder (2)
- soccer players (2)
- speed (2)
- sports (2)
- stress (2)
- sudden cardiac death (2)
- symptoms (2)
- team handball (2)
- telerehabilitation (2)
- tendinosis (2)
- total hip replacement (2)
- total knee replacement (2)
- training intervention (2)
- training-program (2)
- trunk muscles (2)
- tumor necrosis factor-α (2)
- ultrasonography (2)
- unstable resistance training (2)
- vascularization (2)
- walking (2)
- youth football (2)
- ANKLE JOINT (1)
- Adaptation (1)
- Adolescent (1)
- Adolescent athletes (1)
- Agreement (1)
- Ankle (1)
- Ankle joint (1)
- Ankle sprain; (1)
- Arch-index (1)
- Athletic loading (1)
- Back pain (1)
- CAIT (1)
- CLBP (1)
- Carbon (1)
- Child (1)
- Chronic ankle instability (1)
- Chronic pain (1)
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (1)
- Combined modality therapy (1)
- Conduction velocity (1)
- Core stability (1)
- Crossover (1)
- Cycling (1)
- Development (1)
- Diagnostic techniques and procedures (1)
- Dietary supplements (1)
- EMC (1)
- Einbeiniger Standtest (1)
- Elite athletes (1)
- Foot (1)
- Foot orthoses (1)
- Foot progression angle (1)
- Functional capacity (1)
- Geometry (1)
- HIGH-DENSITY SURFACE EMG (1)
- High-density surface EMG (1)
- INSERT (1)
- INSOLE (1)
- In-shoe measurement (1)
- In-toeing (1)
- Individualized intervention (1)
- Inertial measurement units (1)
- Isokinetic (1)
- Isokinetics (1)
- JOINT STABILITY (1)
- Lifting (1)
- Low back pain (1)
- Lower extremity (1)
- Lower-extremity perturbations (1)
- MISPEX (1)
- MOTOR UNIT ADAPTATION (1)
- MOTOR UNIT DECOMPOSITION (1)
- MOTOR UNIT DISCHARGE RATE (1)
- MOTOR UNIT TRACKING (1)
- Marathon (1)
- Markerless motion capture system (1)
- Maximal oxygen uptake (1)
- Minerals (1)
- Monosynaptic reflexes (1)
- Motion analysis (1)
- Motor control (1)
- Motor unit decomposition (1)
- Motor unit discharge rate (1)
- NEUROMUSCULAR ADAPTATION (1)
- Nachwuchsathleten (1)
- OVERUSE INJURY (1)
- One-legged stance (1)
- Out-toeing (1)
- Overuse injury (1)
- PROGRESS (1)
- Patella tendon (1)
- Peak fat oxidation (1)
- Plantar Pressure Distribution (1)
- Plantar pressure (1)
- Postural control (1)
- Posturale Kontrolle (1)
- Psychoeducation (1)
- Questionnaires (1)
- RLS (1)
- Reflex reproducibility (1)
- Reproducibility (1)
- Running gait (1)
- Rückenschmerzen (1)
- Scapular dyskinesis (1)
- Scapulohumeral rhythm (1)
- Scapulothoracic (1)
- Sleep (1)
- Spatiotemporal (1)
- Speed (1)
- Star excursion balance test (1)
- Strength testing (1)
- Tendon structure (1)
- Tibialis anterior (1)
- Tolerable upper limits (1)
- Treadmill (1)
- Treadmill ergometry (1)
- Trunk (1)
- Trunk kinematics (1)
- Ultrasound (1)
- VO2mdx (1)
- Vastus lateralis (1)
- Vastus medialis (1)
- Vitamins (1)
- achilles and patellar tendon (1)
- adaptation (1)
- adolescent athletes (1)
- ankle joint rotation (1)
- athlete's heart (1)
- athletes (1)
- avoid magnetometers (1)
- back motion assessment (1)
- back pain diagnosis (1)
- beverages (1)
- bias (1)
- biomechanical effect (1)
- body composition (1)
- body fat (1)
- carbohydrate sources (1)
- cardiac biomarkers (1)
- cardiac fatigue (1)
- cardiovascular diseases (1)
- children (1)
- compliance (1)
- concentric (1)
- consecutive tests (1)
- cycling performance (1)
- diagnostics (1)
- dietary records (1)
- dietary supplements (1)
- doppler ultrasound (1)
- drift correction (1)
- dynamic (1)
- electromyography (1)
- endurance athletes (1)
- endurance exercise (1)
- energy intake (1)
- everyday task (1)
- exercise treatment (1)
- exhaustion (1)
- fat-free mass (1)
- fatigue (1)
- female runner (1)
- functional ankle instability (1)
- functional capacity (1)
- gait (1)
- gastrocnemius muscle (1)
- general practitioners (1)
- human motion analysis (1)
- hyperechogenicities (1)
- hyperemia (1)
- individualized intervention (1)
- injury symptom (1)
- inter-rater variability (1)
- intra- and inter-rater variability (1)
- intratendinous blood flow (1)
- isokinetic testing (1)
- isometric contraction (1)
- joint angle estimation (1)
- jumping (1)
- kinematic trunk model (1)
- kinetics (1)
- knee (1)
- locomotion (1)
- low back painExercise (1)
- meal schedule (1)
- metabolic device (1)
- minerals (1)
- motor control (1)
- motor units (1)
- muscle architecture (1)
- muscle damage (1)
- muscle soreness (1)
- muscle synergy (1)
- musculoskeletal physiological phenomena (1)
- musculoskeletal ultrasound (1)
- neuromuscular control (1)
- overuse injury (1)
- pain screening (1)
- partial coherence (1)
- peak fat oxidation (1)
- peak torque (1)
- performance diagnostics (1)
- peroneus longus (1)
- pipe (1)
- polyurethane foam (1)
- principles of therapy (1)
- quadriceps (1)
- running (1)
- running gait (1)
- scapular muscle activity (1)
- self-report questionnaire (1)
- sensorimotor training (1)
- skinfold thickness (1)
- soleus (1)
- stability (1)
- standard values (1)
- star excursion balance test (1)
- strength performance (1)
- study design (1)
- subcutaneous adipose tissue (1)
- tendon diameter (1)
- tendon thickness (1)
- tolerable upper limits (1)
- training volume (1)
- treadmill ergometry (1)
- trunk motion (1)
- trunk stability (1)
- types of sports (1)
- underreporting (1)
- validation against optical motion capture (1)
- validity and reliability (1)
- variability (1)
- vitamins (1)
- water (1)
- water pipe (1)
- youth competitive sport (1)
Institut
- Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften (136)
- Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften (18)
- Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät (17)
- Hochschulambulanz (10)
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft (10)
- Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften (6)
- Extern (4)
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (2)
- Department Psychologie (1)
Intervention in the form of core-specific stability exercises is evident to improve trunk stability. The purpose was to assess the effect of an additional 6 weeks sensorimotor or resistance training on maximum isokinetic trunk strength and response to sudden dynamic trunk loading (STL) in highly trained adolescent athletes. The study was conducted as a single-blind, 3-armed randomized controlled trial. Twenty-four adolescent athletes (14f/10 m, 16 +/- 1 yrs.;178 +/- 10 cm; 67 +/- 11 kg; training sessions/week 15 +/- 5; training h/week 22 +/- 8) were randomized into resistance training (RT; n = 7), sensorimotor training (SMT; n = 10), and control group (CG; n = 7). Athletes were instructed to perform standardized, center-based training for 6 weeks, two times per week, with a duration of 1 h each session. SMT consisted of four different core-specific sensorimotor exercises using instable surfaces. RT consisted of four trunk strength exercises using strength training machines, as well as an isokinetic dynamometer. All participants in the CG received an unspecific heart frequency controlled, ergometer-based endurance training (50 min at max. heart frequency of 130HF). For each athlete, each training session was documented in an individual training diary (e.g., level of SMT exercise; 1RM for strength exercise, pain). At baseline (M1) and after 6 weeks of intervention (M2), participants' maximum strength in trunk rotation (ROM:63 degrees) and flexion/extension (ROM:55 degrees) was tested on an isokinetic dynamometer (concentric/eccentric 30 degrees/s). STL was assessed in eccentric (30 degrees/s) mode with additional dynamometer-induced perturbation as a marker of core stability. Peak torque [Nm] was calculated as the main outcome. The primary outcome measurements (trunk rotation/extension peak torque: con, ecc, STL) were statistically analyzed by means of the two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance (alpha = 0.05). Out of 12 possible sessions, athletes participated between 8 and 9 sessions (SMT: 9 +/- 3; RT: 8 +/- 3; CG: 8 +/- 4). Regarding main outcomes of trunk performance, experimental groups showed no significant pre-post difference for maximum trunk strength testing as well as for perturbation compensation (p > 0.05). It is concluded, that future interventions should exceed 6 weeks duration with at least 2 sessions per week to induce enhanced trunk strength or compensatory response to sudden, high-intensity trunk loading in already highly trained adolescent athletes, regardless of training regime.
Background
Ankle sprain is the most common injury in basketball. Chronic ankle instability develops from an acute ankle sprain may cause negative effects on quality of life, ankle functionality or on increasing risk for recurrent ankle sprains and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. To facilitate a preventative strategy of chronic ankle instability (CAI) in the basketball population, gathering epidemiological data is essential. However, the epidemiological data of CAI in basketball is limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of CAI in basketball athletes and to determine whether gender, competitive level, and basketball playing position influence this prevalence.
Methods
In a cross-sectional study, in total 391 Taiwanese basketball athletes from universities and sports clubs participated. Besides non-standardized questions about demographics and their history of ankle sprains, participants further filled out the standard Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool applied to determine the presence of ankle instability. Questionnaires from 255 collegiate and 133 semi-professional basketball athletes (male = 243, female = 145, 22.3 ± 3.8 years, 23.3 ± 2.2 kg/m2) were analyzed. Differences in prevalence between gender, competitive level and playing position were determined using the Chi-square test.
Results
In the surveyed cohort, 26% had unilateral CAI while 50% of them had bilateral CAI. Women had a higher prevalence than men in the whole surveyed cohort (X2(1) = 0.515, p = 0.003). This gender disparity also showed from sub-analyses, that the collegiate female athletes had a higher prevalence than collegiate men athletes (X2(1) = 0.203, p = 0.001). Prevalence showed no difference between competitive levels (p > 0.05) and among playing positions (p > 0.05).
Conclusions
CAI is highly prevalent in the basketball population. Gender affects the prevalence of CAI. Regardless of the competitive level and playing position the prevalence of CAI is similar. The characteristic of basketball contributes to the high prevalence. Prevention of CAI should be a focus in basketball. When applying the CAI prevention measures, gender should be taken into consideration.
Background
Ankle sprain is the most common injury in basketball. Chronic ankle instability develops from an acute ankle sprain may cause negative effects on quality of life, ankle functionality or on increasing risk for recurrent ankle sprains and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. To facilitate a preventative strategy of chronic ankle instability (CAI) in the basketball population, gathering epidemiological data is essential. However, the epidemiological data of CAI in basketball is limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of CAI in basketball athletes and to determine whether gender, competitive level, and basketball playing position influence this prevalence.
Methods
In a cross-sectional study, in total 391 Taiwanese basketball athletes from universities and sports clubs participated. Besides non-standardized questions about demographics and their history of ankle sprains, participants further filled out the standard Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool applied to determine the presence of ankle instability. Questionnaires from 255 collegiate and 133 semi-professional basketball athletes (male = 243, female = 145, 22.3 ± 3.8 years, 23.3 ± 2.2 kg/m2) were analyzed. Differences in prevalence between gender, competitive level and playing position were determined using the Chi-square test.
Results
In the surveyed cohort, 26% had unilateral CAI while 50% of them had bilateral CAI. Women had a higher prevalence than men in the whole surveyed cohort (X2(1) = 0.515, p = 0.003). This gender disparity also showed from sub-analyses, that the collegiate female athletes had a higher prevalence than collegiate men athletes (X2(1) = 0.203, p = 0.001). Prevalence showed no difference between competitive levels (p > 0.05) and among playing positions (p > 0.05).
Conclusions
CAI is highly prevalent in the basketball population. Gender affects the prevalence of CAI. Regardless of the competitive level and playing position the prevalence of CAI is similar. The characteristic of basketball contributes to the high prevalence. Prevention of CAI should be a focus in basketball. When applying the CAI prevention measures, gender should be taken into consideration.
Physical activity and exercise are effective approaches in prevention and therapy of multiple diseases. Although the specific characteristics of lengthening contractions have the potential to be beneficial in many clinical conditions, eccentric training is not commonly used in clinical populations with metabolic, orthopaedic, or neurologic conditions. The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the feasibility, functional benefits, and systemic responses of an eccentric exercise program focused on the trunk and lower extremities in people with low back pain (LBP) and multiple sclerosis (MS). A six-week eccentric training program with three weekly sessions is performed by people with LBP and MS. The program consists of ten exercises addressing strength of the trunk and lower extremities. The study follows a four-group design (N = 12 per group) in two study centers (Israel and Germany): three groups perform the eccentric training program: A) control group (healthy, asymptomatic); B) people with LBP; C) people with MS; group D (people with MS) receives standard care physiotherapy. Baseline measurements are conducted before first training, post-measurement takes place after the last session both comprise blood sampling, self-reported questionnaires, mobility, balance, and strength testing. The feasibility of the eccentric training program will be evaluated using quantitative and qualitative measures related to the study process, compliance and adherence, safety, and overall program assessment. For preliminary assessment of potential intervention effects, surrogate parameters related to mobility, postural control, muscle strength and systemic effects are assessed. The presented study will add knowledge regarding safety, feasibility, and initial effects of eccentric training in people with orthopaedic and neurological conditions. The simple exercises, that are easily modifiable in complexity and intensity, are likely beneficial to other populations. Thus, multiple applications and implementation pathways for the herein presented training program are conceivable.
Physical activity and exercise are effective approaches in prevention and therapy of multiple diseases. Although the specific characteristics of lengthening contractions have the potential to be beneficial in many clinical conditions, eccentric training is not commonly used in clinical populations with metabolic, orthopaedic, or neurologic conditions. The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the feasibility, functional benefits, and systemic responses of an eccentric exercise program focused on the trunk and lower extremities in people with low back pain (LBP) and multiple sclerosis (MS). A six-week eccentric training program with three weekly sessions is performed by people with LBP and MS. The program consists of ten exercises addressing strength of the trunk and lower extremities. The study follows a four-group design (N = 12 per group) in two study centers (Israel and Germany): three groups perform the eccentric training program: A) control group (healthy, asymptomatic); B) people with LBP; C) people with MS; group D (people with MS) receives standard care physiotherapy. Baseline measurements are conducted before first training, post-measurement takes place after the last session both comprise blood sampling, self-reported questionnaires, mobility, balance, and strength testing. The feasibility of the eccentric training program will be evaluated using quantitative and qualitative measures related to the study process, compliance and adherence, safety, and overall program assessment. For preliminary assessment of potential intervention effects, surrogate parameters related to mobility, postural control, muscle strength and systemic effects are assessed. The presented study will add knowledge regarding safety, feasibility, and initial effects of eccentric training in people with orthopaedic and neurological conditions. The simple exercises, that are easily modifiable in complexity and intensity, are likely beneficial to other populations. Thus, multiple applications and implementation pathways for the herein presented training program are conceivable.
Background Ankle sprain is the most common injury in basketball. Chronic ankle instability develops from an acute ankle sprain may cause negative effects on quality of life, ankle functionality or on increasing risk for recurrent ankle sprains and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. To facilitate a preventative strategy of chronic ankle instability (CAI) in the basketball population, gathering epidemiological data is essential. However, the epidemiological data of CAI in basketball is limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of CAI in basketball athletes and to determine whether gender, competitive level, and basketball playing position influence this prevalence. Methods In a cross-sectional study, in total 391 Taiwanese basketball athletes from universities and sports clubs participated. Besides non-standardized questions about demographics and their history of ankle sprains, participants further filled out the standard Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool applied to determine the presence of ankle instability. Questionnaires from 255 collegiate and 133 semi-professional basketball athletes (male = 243, female = 145, 22.3 +/- 3.8 years, 23.3 +/- 2.2 kg/m(2)) were analyzed. Differences in prevalence between gender, competitive level and playing position were determined using the Chi-square test. Results In the surveyed cohort, 26% had unilateral CAI while 50% of them had bilateral CAI. Women had a higher prevalence than men in the whole surveyed cohort (X-2(1) = 0.515, p = 0.003). This gender disparity also showed from sub-analyses, that the collegiate female athletes had a higher prevalence than collegiate men athletes (X-2(1) = 0.203, p = 0.001). Prevalence showed no difference between competitive levels (p > 0.05) and among playing positions (p > 0.05). Conclusions CAI is highly prevalent in the basketball population. Gender affects the prevalence of CAI. Regardless of the competitive level and playing position the prevalence of CAI is similar. The characteristic of basketball contributes to the high prevalence. Prevention of CAI should be a focus in basketball. When applying the CAI prevention measures, gender should be taken into consideration.
Background
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture can lead to impaired knee function. Reconstruction decreases the mechanical instability but might not have an impact on sensorimotor alterations.
Objective
Evaluation of the sensorimotor function measured with the active joint position sense (JPS) test in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructed patients compared to the contralateral side and a healthy control group.
Methods
The databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro, Cochrane Library and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched from origin until April 2020. Studies published in English, German, French, Spanish or Italian language were included. Evaluation of the sensorimotor performance was restricted to the active joint position sense test in ACL reconstructed participants or healthy controls. The Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Study quality was evaluated using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Data was descriptively synthesized.
Results
Ten studies were included after application of the selective criteria. Higher angular deviation, reaching significant difference (p < 0.001) in one study, was shown up to three months after surgery in the affected limb. Six months post-operative significantly less error (p < 0.01) was found in the reconstructed leg compared to the contralateral side and healthy controls. One or more years after ACL reconstruction significant differences were inconsistent along the studies.
Conclusions
Altered sensorimotor function was present after ACL reconstruction. Due to inconsistencies and small magnitudes, clinical relevance might be questionable. JPS testing can be performed in acute injured persons and prospective studies could enhance knowledge of sensorimotor function throughout the rehabilitative processes.
Background/Purpose
Muscular reflex responses of the lower extremities to sudden gait disturbances are related to postural stability and injury risk. Chronic ankle instability (CAI) has shown to affect activities related to the distal leg muscles while walking. Its effects on proximal muscle activities of the leg, both for the injured- (IN) and uninjured-side (NON), remain unclear. Therefore, the aim was to compare the difference of the motor control strategy in ipsilateral and contralateral proximal joints while unperturbed walking and perturbed walking between individuals with CAI and matched controls.
Materials and methods
In a cross-sectional study, 13 participants with unilateral CAI and 13 controls (CON) walked on a split-belt treadmill with and without random left- and right-sided perturbations. EMG amplitudes of muscles at lower extremities were analyzed 200 ms after perturbations, 200 ms before, and 100 ms after (Post100) heel contact while walking. Onset latencies were analyzed at heel contacts and after perturbations. Statistical significance was set at alpha≤0.05 and 95% confidence intervals were applied to determine group differences. Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated to evaluate the extent of differences.
Results
Participants with CAI showed increased EMG amplitudes for NON-rectus abdominus at Post100 and shorter latencies for IN-gluteus maximus after heel contact compared to CON (p<0.05). Overall, leg muscles (rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and gluteus medius) activated earlier and less bilaterally (d = 0.30–0.88) and trunk muscles (bilateral rectus abdominus and NON-erector spinae) activated earlier and more for the CAI group than CON group (d = 0.33–1.09).
Conclusion
Unilateral CAI alters the pattern of the motor control strategy around proximal joints bilaterally. Neuromuscular training for the muscles, which alters motor control strategy because of CAI, could be taken into consideration when planning rehabilitation for CAI.
Schomoller, A, Schugardt, M, Kotsch, P, and Mayer, F. The effect of body composition on cycling power during an incremental test in young athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3225-3231, 2021-As body composition (BC) is a modifiable factor influencing sports performance, it is of interest for athletes and coaches to optimize BC to fulfill the specific physical demands of one sport discipline. The purpose of this study is to test the impact of body fat (BF) and fat-free mass (FFM) on aerobic performance in young athletes. Body composition parameters were evaluated among gender and age groups of young athletes undergoing their mandatory health examination. The maximal power (in Watts per kilogram body mass) of a stepwise incremental ergometer test was compared between 6 BC types: high BF, high FFM, high BF and high FFM, normal BC values, low BF, and low FFM. With increasing age (11-13 vs. 14-16 years) BF decreased and FFM increased in both genders. Both BC parameters, as well as body mass, correlated moderately with performance output (r = 0.36-0.6). Subjects with high BF or high FFM or both had significantly lower ergometer test results compared with those with low BF and FFM in all age and gender groups (p < 0.05). The finding that high levels of BF and FFM are detrimental for cycle power output is important to consider in disciplines that demand high levels of aerobic and anaerobic performance.
Background: The relationship between exercise-induced intratendinous blood flow (IBF) and tendon pathology or training exposure is unclear.
Objective: This study investigates the acute effect of running exercise on sonographic detectable IBF in healthy and tendinopathic Achilles tendons (ATs) of runners and recreational participants.
Methods: 48 participants (43 ± 13 years, 176 ± 9 cm, 75 ± 11 kg) performed a standardized submaximal 30-min constant load treadmill run with Doppler ultrasound “Advanced dynamic flow” examinations before (Upre) and 5, 30, 60, and 120 min (U5-U120) afterward. Included were runners (>30 km/week) and recreational participants (<10 km/week) with healthy (Hrun, n = 10; Hrec, n = 15) or tendinopathic (Trun, n = 13; Trec, n = 10) ATs. IBF was assessed by counting number [n] of intratendinous vessels. IBF data are presented descriptively (%, median [minimum to maximum range] for baseline-IBF and IBF-difference post-exercise). Statistical differences for group and time point IBF and IBF changes were analyzed with Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA (α = 0.05).
Results: At baseline, IBF was detected in 40% (3 [1–6]) of Hrun, in 53% (4 [1–5]) of Hrec, in 85% (3 [1–25]) of Trun, and 70% (10 [2–30]) of Trec. At U5 IBF responded to exercise in 30% (3 [−1–9]) of Hrun, in 53% (4 [−2–6]) of Hrec, in 70% (4 [−10–10]) of Trun, and in 80% (5 [1–10]) of Trec. While IBF in 80% of healthy responding ATs returned to baseline at U30, IBF remained elevated until U120 in 60% of tendinopathic ATs. Within groups, IBF changes from Upre-U120 were significant for Hrec (p < 0.01), Trun (p = 0.05), and Trec (p < 0.01). Between groups, IBF changes in consecutive examinations were not significantly different (p > 0.05) but IBF-level was significantly higher at all measurement time points in tendinopathic versus healthy ATs (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Irrespective of training status and tendon pathology, running leads to an immediate increase of IBF in responding tendons. This increase occurs shortly in healthy and prolonged in tendinopathic ATs. Training exposure does not alter IBF occurrence, but IBF level is elevated in tendon pathology. While an immediate exercise-induced IBF increase is a physiological response, prolonged IBF is considered a pathological finding associated with Achilles tendinopathy.