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Portal Wissen = Change
(2021)
Change makes everything different. Let’s be honest: Just about everything is constantly in transformation. Even huge massifs that seem like eternity turned to stone will eventually dissolve into dust. So is change itself the only constant? The Greek philosopher Heraclitus certainly thought so. He said, “The only thing that is constant is change.”
Change is frightening. A change that we cannot explain throws us into turmoil – like a magic trick we cannot decipher. Viruses that mutate, ecosystems that collapse, stars that perish – they all seem to threaten the fragile balance that makes our existence possible. Humanity is late in recognizing that we ourselves are all too often the impetus for dangerous transformations.
Change gives hope. People have always been fascinated by change and felt compelled to explore its origin and essence. Quite successfully. We understand many things much better than generations before. But well enough? Not at all. Alexander von Humboldt said, “Every law of nature that reveals itself to the observer suggests a higher, as yet unrecognized one.” There is still much to be done.
The current issue of Portal Wissen is all about change. We spoke to an astrophysicist who has found her happiness in researching the formation and change of stars. We also look at different aspects of the very earthly climate change and its consequences: A geoscientist explains how global warming affects the stability of mountain ranges.
A legal expert makes clear that the call for a right to climate protection has gone largely unheard until now. How human land use affects biodiversity is being investigated by young researchers of the “Bio- Move” research training group, who have provided us with insights into their work on brown hares, water fleas, and mallard ducks. Other researchers focus on change in the contexts of humans. A group of nutrition scientists at the German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) and sports scientists at the University of Potsdam are investigating the factors that cause our bodies to change as we age – and why some people lose muscles more quickly than others.
Despite all these changes, we do not lose sight of the diversity of research at the University of Potsdam. A visit to the laboratory of the project “OptiZeD” gives us an idea of the possibilities offered by optical sensors for the personalized medicine of tomorrow, while an educational researcher explains why cultural diversity is an asset beneficial to our education. In addition, a cultural scientist reports on the fascination of comics. They are all part of the hopeful change that science is initiating and accomplishing! Enjoy the read!
Portal Wissen = Departure
(2021)
On October 20, 1911, the Norwegian Roald Amundsen left the safe base camp “Framheim” at the Bay of Whales together with four other explorers and 52 sledge dogs to be the first person to reach the South Pole. Ahead of them lay the perpetual ice at temperatures of 20 to 30 degrees Celsius below zero and a distance of 1,400 kilometers. After eight weeks, the group reached its destination on December 13. The men planted the Norwegian flag in the lonely snow and shortly afterwards set off to make their way back – celebrated, honored as conquerors of the South Pole and laden with information and knowledge from the world of Antarctica. The voyage of Amundsen and his companions is undoubtedly so extraordinary because the five proved that it was possible and were the first to succeed. It is, however, also a symbol of what enables humans to push the boundaries of their world: the urge to set out into the unknown, to discover what has not yet been found, explored, and described.
What distinguishes science - even before each discovery and new knowledge – is the element of departure. Questioning apparent certainties, taking a critical look at outdated knowledge, and breaking down encrusted thought patterns is the starting point of exploratory curiosity. And to set out from there for new knowledge is the essence of scientific activities – neither protected nor supported by the reliable and known. Probing, trying, courageously questioning, and sensing that the solid ground, which still lies hidden, can only be reached again in this way. “Research is always a departure for new shoreless waters,” said chemist Prof. Dr. Hans-Jürgen Quadbeck-Seeger. Leaving behind the safe harbor, trusting that new shores are waiting and can be reached is the impetus that makes science so important and valuable.
For the current issue of the University of Potsdam’s research magazine, we looked over the shoulders of some researchers as they set out on new research journeys – whether in the lab, in the library, in space, or in the mind. Astrophysicist Lidia Oskinova, for example, uses the Hubble telescope to search for particularly massive stars, while hydrologist Thorsten Wagener is trying to better understand the paths of water on Earth. Economists and social scientists such as Elmar Kriegler and Maik Heinemann are researching in different projects what politics can do to achieve a turnaround in climate policy and stop climate change.
Time and again, however, such departures are themselves the focus of research: And a group of biologists and environmental scientists is investigating how nature revives forest fire areas and how the newly emerging forests can become more resilient to future fires.
Since – as has already been said – a departure is inherent in every research question, this time the entire issue of “Portal Wissen” is actually devoted to the cover topic. And so we invite you to set out with Romance linguist Annette Gerstenberg to research language in old age, with immunologist Katja Hanack to develop a quick and safe SARS-CoV-2 test, and with the team of the Potsdam Center for Industry 4.0 to the virtual factory of tomorrow. And we will show you how evidence- based economic research can inform and advise politicians, and how a warning system is intended to prevent future accidents involving cyclists.
So, what are you waiting for?!
Portal Wissen = Together
(2022)
What makes humans human – and what distinguishes them from other creatures on Earth – has long been fervently discussed and is still being discussed today. “Homo sapiens”, the scientific self-description of our species, is already the characterization as an “understanding, wise, knowledgeable human being”. It could be argued that we owe this additional knowledge to our trait of (basically) feeling particularly attached to our equals. We are what we are, above all, and perhaps even exclusively: together. The development that eventually turned communities into societies in the course of which culture and knowledge emerged, could well be told as a story of more and less togetherness. People were always successful when they lived with instead of against each other. Things that were much admired later came into being when people worked together, knowledge that made history as progress was developed by minds that came into a conversation.
It is therefore all the more surprising that this “recipe for success” is being pushed into the background at a time when it is needed more than ever. As a result of the Corona pandemic, we are living in a time in which the world is faced with a – literally – all-encompassing task which it can only overcome together, as has already been said many times. And yet, many people are primarily concerned about their own well-being in various ways – not infrequently without reflecting that the well-being of many others, and possibly ultimately even their own, suffers as a consequence. When there is a need for more togetherness while there is a lot of talk about division, it becomes clear that the success of togetherness is not a foregone conclusion: If we want to achieve something together, we must always keep talking about the goals and the way to get there.
For this issue, we have collected what people can achieve together and how research is trying to fathom the “secret of togetherness” in many ways. We visited a team of environmental scientists who are developing forest gardens together with committed residents – as green oases in the middle of cities. We took a first look at the prototype of a national education platform that will bundle all kinds of digital learning in the future. We also present a model project that aims to help teachers and students prevent hate speech. Last but not least, the issue presents a small selection of various collaborations across disciplinary and national borders: We show how researchers from law and political science are working together to examine the ups and downs of international law, and why religious studies scholars from Potsdam and Iraq benefit from each other.
Of course, the issue also brings together the entire spectrum of research at the University of Potsdam, we promise! We found out how heavy rain turn into flash floods and how to prepare for such events. We interviewed a migration researcher and visited a geoscientist who is drawn to mountains and valleys alike. It’s about – often unwritten – “body rules” in everyday life, the exploration of our gaze with the help of artificial intelligence, 33 answers full of complexity, and about mathematics at infinity. Enough words. Read for yourself – alone or together. Just as you like!
Portal Wissen = Humans
(2022)
When humans write and talk about humans, you notice right away: It’s their favorite topic. It is not only that everyone (usually) is closest to themselves. As a species, Homo sapiens also attaches distinct importance to themselves. Aristotle was concerned about the order of things and ranked the human being – as the seemingly most complicated one – at the “very top.” The book of Genesis in the Bible seems to take this up, calling the human being in a way the final point or “pride of creation” who should “rule” over Earth and all living beings. An impressive story, but it did not stand the test of time. The theory of evolution changed the pyramid into a far-branched tree and the human being to a little branch among many others. What has remained is that humans are not so easy to understand, especially to themselves. Or, as Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach said, “The simplest human is still a very complicated being.”
This and the ongoing interest of humans in themselves ensure that many sciences also deal with him, her, or us, again and again and from every conceivable angle. Medicine and linguistics, educational research and psychology, history and sociology – many disciplines revolve around human(kind) and their actions. Therefore, it is hardly difficult to take a small exemplary human research journey through the University of Potsdam with this issue of “Portal Wissen.” We begin with a visit to the BabyLAB, where you can rewardingly watch even the youngest children learn languages. An economist points out that differences between men and women on their paychecks are anything but acceptable, and a start-up team showed us an app that can help you do something against dementia before it’s too late.
Besides, it should have been clear long ago: If we want to understand ourselves, we must always look at what is surrounding us. This means the social interactions that challenge and shape us on both a small and large scale. That’s why we talked to historians who are investigating corruption in the ancient world. But it also includes the environment, both living and non-living, on which we leave our mark and which, in turn, constantly influences us. A specialist in ancient DNA, for example, is investigating whether even Neanderthals left an ecological footprint, while an ecologist is searching for the consequences of climate change for biodiversity in Africa. And a media scientist has spent years analyzing how various images can help communicate scientific findings on climate change in such a way that they are understood.
We have not forgotten that the coronavirus continues to influence both our lives and research: A psychologist is working with partners throughout Germany to study how children and young people with chronic diseases get through the pandemic.
In addition, we naturally do not leave aside the diversity of research – created by humans – at the University of Potsdam: We introduce one of Germany’s best gravitational wave researcher and talk about the role of mathematics in earthquake research. Last but not least, we had the work of the new research center for digital data law explained to us.