Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (6)
Author
- Thompson, D. J. (6) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (5)
- Conference Proceeding (1)
Language
- English (6)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (6)
Keywords
- acceleration of particles (2)
- gamma rays: general (2)
- radiation mechanisms: non-thermal (2)
- Active Galactic Nuclei (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: general (1)
- BL Lacertae objects: individual (Mrk 501) (1)
- Compton and Pair Creation Telescope (1)
- Compton and pair creation telescope (1)
- Cosmic Antimatter (1)
- Cosmic Rays (1)
Institute
De Angelis, A. ; Tatischeff, V. ; Tavani, M. ; Oberlack, U. ; Grenier, I. ; Hanloni, L. ; Walter, R. ; Argan, A. ; Von Ballmoos, P. ; Bulgarelli, A. ; Donnarumma, I. ; Hernanz, M. ; Kuvvetli, I. ; Pearce, M. ; Zdziarski, A. ; Aboudan, A. ; Ajello, M. ; Ambrosi, G. ; Bernard, D. ; Bernardini, E. ; Bonvicini, V. ; Brogna, A. ; Branchesi, M. ; Budtz-Jorgensen, C. ; Bykov, A. M. ; Campana, R. ; Cardillo, M. ; Coppi, P. ; De Martino, D. ; Diehl, R. ; Doro, M. ; Fioretti, V. ; Funk, S. ; Ghisellini, G. ; Grove, E. ; Hamadache, C. ; Hartmann, D. H. ; Hayashida, M. ; Isern, J. ; Kanbach, G. ; Kiener, J. ; Knodlseder, J. ; Labanti, C. ; Laurent, P. ; Limousin, O. ; Longo, F. ; Mannheim, K. ; Marisaldi, M. ; Martinez, M. ; Mazziotta, Mario Nicola ; McEnery, J. ; Mereghetti, S. ; Minervini, G. ; Moiseev, A. ; Morselli, A. ; Nakazawa, K. ; Orleanski, P. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Patricelli, B. ; Pevre, J. ; Piano, G. ; Pohl, Martin ; Ramarijaona, H. ; Rando, R. ; Reichardt, I. ; Roncadelli, M. ; Silva, R. ; Tavecchio, F. ; Thompson, D. J. ; Turolla, R. ; Ulyanov, A. ; Vacchi, A. ; Wu, X. ; Zoglauer, A.
e-ASTROGAM (‘enhanced ASTROGAM’) is a breakthrough Observatory space mission, with a detector composed by a Silicon tracker, a calorimeter, and an anticoincidence system, dedicated to the study of the non-thermal Universe in the photon energy range from 0.3 MeV to 3 GeV – the lower energy limit can be pushed to energies as low as 150 keV, albeit with rapidly degrading angular resolution, for the tracker, and to 30 keV for calorimetric detection. The mission is based on an advanced space-proven detector technology, with unprecedented sensitivity, angular and energy resolution, combined with polarimetric capability. Thanks to its performance in the MeV-GeV domain, substantially improving its predecessors, e-ASTROGAM will open a new window on the non-thermal Universe, making pioneering observations of the most powerful Galactic and extragalactic sources, elucidating the nature of their relativistic outflows and their effects on the surroundings. With a line sensitivity in the MeV energy range one to two orders of magnitude better than previous generation instruments, e-ASTROGAM will determine the origin of key isotopes fundamental for the understanding of supernova explosion and the chemical evolution of our Galaxy. The mission will provide unique data of significant interest to a broad astronomical community, complementary to powerful observatories such as LIGO-Virgo-GEO600-KAGRA, SKA, ALMA, E-ELT, TMT, LSST, JWST, Athena, CTA, IceCube, KM3NeT, and the promise of eLISA.
Tatischeff, V. ; De Angelis, A. ; Tavani, M. ; Grenier, I. ; Oberlack, U. ; Hanlon, L. ; Walter, R. ; Argan, A. ; von Ballmoos, P. ; Bulgarelli, A. ; Donnarumma, I. ; Hernanz, Margarita ; Kuvvetli, I. ; Mallamaci, M. ; Pearce, M. ; Zdziarski, A. ; Aboudan, A. ; Ajello, M. ; Ambrosi, G. ; Bernard, D. ; Bernardini, E. ; Bonvicini, V. ; Brogna, A. ; Branchesi, M. ; Budtz-Jorgensen, C. ; Bykov, A. ; Campana, R. ; Cardillo, M. ; Ciprini, S. ; Coppi, P. ; Cumani, P. ; da Silva, R. M. Curado ; De Martino, D. ; Diehl, R. ; Doro, M. ; Fioretti, V. ; Funk, S. ; Ghisellini, G. ; Giordano, F. ; Grove, J. E. ; Hamadache, C. ; Hartmann, D. H. ; Hayashida, M. ; Isern, J. ; Kanbach, G. ; Kiener, J. ; Knodlseder, J. ; Labanti, C. ; Laurent, P. ; Leising, M. ; Limousin, O. ; Longo, F. ; Mannheim, K. ; Marisaldi, M. ; Martinez, M. ; Mazziotta, M. N. ; McEnery, J. E. ; Mereghetti, S. ; Minervini, G. ; Moiseev, A. ; Morselli, A. ; Nakazawa, K. ; Orleanski, P. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Patricelli, B. ; Peyre, J. ; Piano, G. ; Pohl, Martin ; Rando, R. ; Roncadelli, M. ; Tavecchio, F. ; Thompson, D. J. ; Turolla, R. ; Ulyanov, A. ; Vacchi, A. ; Wu, X. ; Zoglauer, A.
e-ASTROGAM is a concept for a breakthrough observatory space mission carrying a gamma-ray telescope dedicated to the study of the non-thermal Universe in the photon energy range from 0.15 MeV to 3 GeV. The lower energy limit can be pushed down to energies as low as 30 keV for gamma-ray burst detection with the calorimeter. The mission is based on an advanced space-proven detector technology, with unprecedented sensitivity, angular and energy resolution, combined with remarkable polarimetric capability. Thanks to its performance in the MeV-GeV domain, substantially improving its predecessors, e-ASTROGAM will open a new window on the non-thermal Universe, making pioneering observations of the most powerful Galactic and extragalactic sources, elucidating the nature of their relativistic outflows and their effects on the surroundings. With a line sensitivity in the MeV energy range one to two orders of magnitude better than previous and current generation instruments, e-ASTROGAM will determine the origin of key isotopes fundamental for the understanding of supernova explosion and the chemical evolution of our Galaxy. The mission will be a major player of the multiwavelength, multimessenger time-domain astronomy of the 2030s, and provide unique data of significant interest to a broad astronomical community, complementary to powerful observatories such as LISA, LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, the Einstein Telescope and the Cosmic Explorer, IceCube-Gen2 and KM3NeT, SKA, ALMA, JWST, E-ELT, LSST, Athena, and the Cherenkov Telescope Array.
De Angelis, A. ; Tatischeff, V. ; Grenier, I. A. ; McEnery, J. ; Mallamaci, Manuela ; Tavani, M. ; Oberlack, U. ; Hanlon, L. ; Walter, R. ; Argan, A. ; Von Ballmoos, P. ; Bulgarelli, A. ; Bykov, A. ; Hernanz, M. ; Kanbach, G. ; Kuvvetli, I. ; Pearce, M. ; Zdziarski, A. ; Conrad, J. ; Ghisellini, G. ; Harding, A. ; Isern, J. ; Leising, M. ; Longo, F. ; Madejski, G. ; Martinez, M. ; Mazziotta, Mario Nicola ; Paredes, J. M. ; Pohl, Martin ; Rando, R. ; Razzano, M. ; Aboudan, A. ; Ackermann, M. ; Addazi, A. ; Ajello, M. ; Albertus, C. ; Alvarez, J. M. ; Ambrosi, G. ; Anton, S. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Babic, A. ; Baibussinov, B. ; Balbom, M. ; Baldini, L. ; Balman, S. ; Bambi, C. ; Barres de Almeida, U. ; Barrio, J. A. ; Bartels, R. ; Bastieri, D. ; Bednarek, W. ; Bernard, D. ; Bernardini, E. ; Bernasconi, T. ; Bertucci, B. ; Biland, A. ; Bissaldi, E. ; Boettcher, M. ; Bonvicini, V. ; Bosch-Ramon, V. ; Bottacini, E. ; Bozhilov, V. ; Bretz, T. ; Branchesi, M. ; Brdar, V. ; Bringmann, T. ; Brogna, A. ; Jorgensen, C. Budtz ; Busetto, G. ; Buson, S. ; Busso, M. ; Caccianiga, A. ; Camera, S. ; Campana, R. ; Caraveo, P. ; Cardillo, M. ; Carlson, P. ; Celestin, S. ; Cermeno, M. ; Chen, A. ; Cheung, C. C. ; Churazov, E. ; Ciprini, S. ; Coc, A. ; Colafrancesco, S. ; Coleiro, A. ; Collmar, W. ; Coppi, P. ; Curado da Silva, R. ; Cutini, S. ; De Lotto, B. ; de Martino, D. ; De Rosa, A. ; Del Santo, M. ; Delgado, L. ; Diehl, R. ; Dietrich, S. ; Dolgov, A. D. ; Dominguez, A. ; Prester, D. Dominis ; Donnarumma, I. ; Dorner, D. ; Doro, M. ; Dutra, M. ; Elsaesser, D. ; Fabrizio, M. ; Fernandez-Barral, A. ; Fioretti, V. ; Foffano, L. ; Formato, V. ; Fornengo, N. ; Foschini, L. ; Franceschini, A. ; Franckowiak, A. ; Funk, S. ; Fuschino, F. ; Gaggero, D. ; Galanti, G. ; Gargano, F. ; Gasparrini, D. ; Gehrz, R. ; Giammaria, P. ; Giglietto, N. ; Giommi, P. ; Giordano, F. ; Giroletti, M. ; Ghirlanda, G. ; Godinovic, N. ; Gouiffes, C. ; Grove, J. E. ; Hamadache, C. ; Hartmann, D. H. ; Hayashida, M. ; Hryczuk, A. ; Jean, P. ; Johnson, T. ; Jose, J. ; Kaufmann, S. ; Khelifi, B. ; Kiener, J. ; Knodlseder, J. ; Kolem, M. ; Kopp, J. ; Kozhuharov, V. ; Labanti, C. ; Lalkovski, S. ; Laurent, P. ; Limousin, O. ; Linares, M. ; Lindfors, E. ; Lindner, M. ; Liu, J. ; Lombardi, S. ; Loparco, F. ; Lopez-Coto, R. ; Lopez Moya, M. ; Lott, B. ; Lubrano, P. ; Malyshev, D. ; Mankuzhiyil, N. ; Mannheim, K. ; Marcha, M. J. ; Marciano, A. ; Marcote, B. ; Mariotti, M. ; Marisaldi, M. ; McBreen, S. ; Mereghetti, S. ; Merle, A. ; Mignani, R. ; Minervini, G. ; Moiseev, A. ; Morselli, A. ; Moura, F. ; Nakazawa, K. ; Nava, L. ; Nieto, D. ; Orienti, M. ; Orio, M. ; Orlando, E. ; Orleanski, P. ; Paiano, S. ; Paoletti, R. ; Papitto, A. ; Pasquato, M. ; Patricelli, B. ; Perez-Garcia, M. A. ; Persic, M. ; Piano, G. ; Pichel, A. ; Pimenta, M. ; Pittori, C. ; Porter, T. ; Poutanen, J. ; Prandini, E. ; Prantzos, N. ; Produit, N. ; Profumo, S. ; Queiroz, F. S. ; Raino, S. ; Raklev, A. ; Regis, M. ; Reichardt, I. ; Rephaeli, Y. ; Rico, J. ; Rodejohann, W. ; Fernandez, G. Rodriguez ; Roncadelli, M. ; Roso, L. ; Rovero, A. ; Ruffini, R. ; Sala, G. ; Sanchez-Conde, M. A. ; Santangelo, Andrea ; Parkinson, P. Saz ; Sbarrato, T. ; Shearer, A. ; Shellard, R. ; Short, K. ; Siegert, T. ; Siqueira, C. ; Spinelli, P. ; Stamerra, A. ; Starrfield, S. ; Strong, A. ; Strumke, I. ; Tavecchio, F. ; Taverna, R. ; Terzic, T. ; Thompson, D. J. ; Tibolla, O. ; Torres, D. F. ; Turolla, R. ; Ulyanov, A. ; Ursi, A. ; Vacchi, A. ; Van den Abeele, J. ; Vankova-Kirilovai, G. ; Venter, C. ; Verrecchia, F. ; Vincent, P. ; Wang, X. ; Weniger, C. ; Wu, X. ; Zaharijas, G. ; Zampieri, L. ; Zane, S. ; Zimmer, S. ; Zoglauer, A.
Observations of the young supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946 with the fermi large area telescope
(2011)
Abdo, A. A. ; Ackermann, Margit ; Ajello, M. ; Allafort, A. J. ; Baldini, L. ; Ballet, J. ; Barbiellini, G. ; Baring, M. G. ; Bastieri, D. ; Bellazzini, R. ; Berenji, B. ; Blandford, R. D. ; Bloom, E. D. ; Bonamente, E. ; Borgland, A. W. ; Bouvier, A. ; Brandt, T. J. ; Bregeon, Johan ; Brigida, M. ; Bruel, P. ; Buehler, R. ; Buson, S. ; Caliandro, G. A. ; Cameron, R. A. ; Caraveo, P. A. ; Casandjian, J. M. ; Cecchi, C. ; Chaty, S. ; Chekhtman, A. ; Cheung, C. C. ; Chiang, J. ; Cillis, A. N. ; Ciprini, S. ; Claus, R. ; Cohen-Tanugi, J. ; Conrad, Jan ; Corbel, S. ; Cutini, S. ; de Angelis, A. ; de Palma, F. ; Dermer, C. D. ; Digel, S. W. ; do Couto e Silva, E. ; Drell, P. S. ; Drlica-Wagner, A. ; Dubois, R. ; Dumora, D. ; Favuzzi, C. ; Ferrara, E. C. ; Fortin, P. ; Frailis, M. ; Fukazawa, Y. ; Fukui, Y. ; Funk, S. ; Fusco, P. ; Gargano, F. ; Gasparrini, D. ; Gehrels, N. ; Germani, S. ; Giglietto, N. ; Giordano, F. ; Giroletti, M. ; Glanzman, T. ; Godfrey, G. ; Grenier, I. A. ; Grondin, M. -H. ; Guiriec, S. ; Hadasch, D. ; Hanabata, Y. ; Harding, A. K. ; Hayashida, M. ; Hayashi, K. ; Hays, E. ; Horan, D. ; Jackson, M. S. ; Johannesson, G. ; Johnson, A. S. ; Kamae, T. ; Katagiri, H. ; Kataoka, J. ; Kerr, M. ; Knoedlseder, J. ; Kuss, M. ; Lande, J. ; Latronico, L. ; Lee, S. -H. ; Lemoine-Goumard, M. ; Longo, F. ; Loparco, F. ; Lovellette, M. N. ; Lubrano, P. ; Madejski, G. M. ; Makeev, A. ; Mazziotta, Mario Nicola ; McEnery, J. E. ; Michelson, P. F. ; Mignani, R. P. ; Mitthumsiri, W. ; Mizuno, T. ; Moiseev, A. A. ; Monte, C. ; Monzani, M. E. ; Morselli, A. ; Moskalenko, I. V. ; Murgia, S. ; Naumann-Godo, M. ; Nolan, P. L. ; Norris, J. P. ; Nuss, E. ; Ohsugi, T. ; Okumura, A. ; Orlando, E. ; Ormes, J. F. ; Paneque, D. ; Parent, D. ; Pelassa, V. ; Pesce-Rollins, M. ; Pierbattista, M. ; Piron, F. ; Pohl, Martin ; Porter, T. A. ; Raino, S. ; Rando, R. ; Razzano, M. ; Reimer, O. ; Reposeur, T. ; Ritz, S. ; Romani, R. W. ; Roth, M. ; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. ; Parkinson, P. M. Saz ; Sgro, C. ; Smith, D. A. ; Smith, P. D. ; Spandre, G. ; Spinelli, P. ; Strickman, M. S. ; Tajima, H. ; Takahashi, H. ; Takahashi, T. ; Tanaka, T. ; Thayer, J. G. ; Thayer, J. B. ; Thompson, D. J. ; Tibaldo, L. ; Tibolla, O. ; Torres, D. F. ; Tosti, G. ; Tramacere, A. ; Troja, E. ; Uchiyama, Y. ; Vandenbroucke, J. ; Vasileiou, V. ; Vianello, G. ; Vilchez, N. ; Vitale, V. ; Waite, A. P. ; Wang, P. ; Winer, B. L. ; Wood, K. S. ; Yamamoto, H. ; Yamazaki, R. ; Yang, Z. ; Ziegler, M.
We present observations of the young supernova remnant (SNR) RX J1713.7-3946 with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). We clearly detect a source positionally coincident with the SNR. The source is extended with a best-fit extension of 0 degrees.55 +/- 0 degrees.04 matching the size of the non-thermal X-ray and TeV gamma-ray emission from the remnant. The positional coincidence and the matching extended emission allow us to identify the LAT source with SNR RX J1713.7-3946. The spectrum of the source can be described by a very hard power law with a photon index of Gamma = 1.5 +/- 0.1 that coincides in normalization with the steeper H. E. S. S.-detected gamma-ray spectrum at higher energies. The broadband gamma-ray emission is consistent with a leptonic origin as the dominant mechanism for the gamma-ray emission.
Abdo, A. A. ; Ackermann, Margit ; Ajello, M. ; Allafort, A. J. ; Baldini, L. ; Ballet, J. ; Barbiellini, G. ; Baring, M. G. ; Bastieri, D. ; Bechtol, K. C. ; Bellazzini, R. ; Berenji, B. ; Blandford, R. D. ; Bloom, E. D. ; Bonamente, E. ; Borgland, A. W. ; Bouvier, A. ; Brandt, T. J. ; Bregeon, Johan ; Brez, A. ; Brigida, M. ; Bruel, P. ; Buehler, R. ; Buson, S. ; Caliandro, G. A. ; Cameron, R. A. ; Cannon, A. ; Caraveo, P. A. ; Carrigan, Svenja ; Casandjian, J. M. ; Cavazzuti, E. ; Cecchi, C. ; Celik, O. ; Charles, E. ; Chekhtman, A. ; Cheung, C. C. ; Chiang, J. ; Ciprini, S. ; Claus, R. ; Cohen-Tanugi, J. ; Conrad, Jan ; Cutini, S. ; Dermer, C. D. ; de Palma, F. ; do Couto e Silva, E. ; Drell, P. S. ; Dubois, R. ; Dumora, D. ; Favuzzi, C. ; Fegan, S. J. ; Ferrara, E. C. ; Focke, W. B. ; Fortin, P. ; Frailis, M. ; Fuhrmann, L. ; Fukazawa, Y. ; Funk, S. ; Fusco, P. ; Gargano, F. ; Gasparrini, D. ; Gehrels, N. ; Germani, S. ; Giglietto, N. ; Giordano, F. ; Giroletti, M. ; Glanzman, T. ; Godfrey, G. ; Grenier, I. A. ; Guillemot, L. ; Guiriec, S. ; Hayashida, M. ; Hays, E. ; Horan, D. ; Hughes, R. E. ; Johannesson, G. ; Johnson, A. S. ; Johnson, W. N. ; Kadler, M. ; Kamae, T. ; Katagiri, H. ; Kataoka, J. ; Knoedlseder, J. ; Kuss, M. ; Lande, J. ; Latronico, L. ; Lee, S. -H. ; Lemoine-Goumard, M. ; Longo, F. ; Loparco, F. ; Lott, B. ; Lovellette, M. N. ; Lubrano, P. ; Madejski, G. M. ; Makeev, A. ; Max-Moerbeck, W. ; Mazziotta, Mario Nicola ; McEnery, J. E. ; Mehault, J. ; Michelson, P. F. ; Mitthumsiri, W. ; Mizuno, T. ; Moiseev, A. A. ; Monte, C. ; Monzani, M. E. ; Morselli, A. ; Moskalenko, I. V. ; Murgia, S. ; Naumann-Godo, M. ; Nishino, S. ; Nolan, P. L. ; Norris, J. P. ; Nuss, E. ; Ohsugi, T. ; Okumura, A. ; Omodei, N. ; Orlando, E. ; Ormes, J. F. ; Paneque, D. ; Panetta, J. H. ; Parent, D. ; Pavlidou, V. ; Pearson, T. J. ; Pelassa, V. ; Pepe, M. ; Pesce-Rollins, M. ; Piron, F. ; Porter, T. A. ; Raino, S. ; Rando, R. ; Razzano, M. ; Readhead, A. ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, O. ; Richards, J. L. ; Ripken, J. ; Ritz, S. ; Roth, M. ; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. ; Sanchez, D. ; Sander, A. ; Scargle, J. D. ; Sgro, C. ; Siskind, E. J. ; Smith, P. D. ; Spandre, G. ; Spinelli, P. ; Stawarz, L. ; Stevenson, M. ; Strickman, M. S. ; Sokolovsky, K. V. ; Suson, D. J. ; Takahashi, H. ; Takahashi, T. ; Tanaka, T. ; Thayer, J. B. ; Thayer, J. G. ; Thompson, D. J. ; Tibaldo, L. ; Torres, F. ; Tosti, G. ; Tramacere, A. ; Uchiyama, Y. ; Usher, T. L. ; Vandenbroucke, J. ; Vasileiou, V. ; Vilchez, N. ; Vitale, V. ; Waite, A. P. ; Wang, P. ; Wehrle, A. E. ; Winer, B. L. ; Wood, K. S. ; Yang, Z. ; Ylinen, T. ; Zensus, J. A. ; Ziegler, M. ; Aleksic, J. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Antoranz, P. ; Backes, Michael ; Barrio, J. A. ; Gonzalez, J. Becerra ; Bednarek, W. ; Berdyugin, A. ; Berger, K. ; Bernardini, E. ; Biland, A. ; Blanch Bigas, O. ; Bock, R. K. ; Boller, A. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Bordas, Pol ; Tridon, D. Borla ; Bosch-Ramon, Valentin ; Bose, D. ; Braun, I. ; Bretz, T. ; Camara, M. ; Carmona, E. ; Carosi, A. ; Colin, P. ; Colombo, E. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Cortina, J. ; Covino, S. ; Dazzi, F. ; de Angelis, A. ; del Pozo, E. De Cea ; De Lotto, B. ; De Maria, M. ; De Sabata, F. ; Mendez, C. Delgado ; Ortega, A. Diago ; Doert, M. ; Dominguez, A. ; Prester, Dijana Dominis ; Dorner, D. ; Doro, M. ; Elsaesser, D. ; Ferenc, D. ; Fonseca, M. V. ; Font, L. ; Lopen, R. J. Garcia ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Gaug, M. ; Giavitto, G. ; Godinovi, N. ; Hadasch, D. ; Herrero, A. ; Hildebrand, D. ; Hoehne-Moench, D. ; Hose, J. ; Hrupec, D. ; Jogler, T. ; Klepser, S. ; Kraehenbuehl, T. ; Kranich, D. ; Krause, J. ; La Barbera, A. ; Leonardo, E. ; Lindfors, E. ; Lombardi, S. ; Lopez, M. ; Lorenz, E. ; Majumdar, P. ; Makariev, E. ; Maneva, G. ; Mankuzhiyil, N. ; Mannheim, K. ; Maraschi, L. ; Mariotti, M. ; Martinez, M. ; Mazin, D. ; Meucci, M. ; Miranda, J. M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Miyamoto, H. ; Moldon, J. ; Moralejo, A. ; Nieto, D. ; Nilsson, K. ; Orito, R. ; Oya, I. ; Paoletti, R. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Partini, S. ; Pasanen, M. ; Pauss, F. ; Pegna, R. G. ; Perez-Torres, M. A. ; Persic, M. ; Peruzzo, J. ; Pochon, J. ; Moroni, P. G. Prada ; Prada, F. ; Prandini, E. ; Puchades, N. ; Puljak, I. ; Reichardt, T. ; Reinthal, R. ; Rhode, W. ; Ribo, M. ; Rico, J. ; Rissi, M. ; Ruegamer, S. ; Saggion, A. ; Saito, K. ; Saito, T. Y. ; Salvati, M. ; Sanchez-Conde, M. ; Satalecka, K. ; Scalzotto, V. ; Scapin, V. ; Schultz, C. ; Schweizer, T. ; Shayduk, M. ; Shore, S. N. ; Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. ; Sillanpaa, A. ; Sitarek, J. ; Sobczynska, D. ; Spanier, F. ; Spiro, S. ; Stamerra, A. ; Steinke, B. ; Storz, J. ; Strah, N. ; Struebig, J. C. ; Suric, T. ; Takalo, L. O. ; Tavecchio, F. ; Temnikov, P. ; Terzic, T. ; Tescaro, D. ; Teshima, M. ; Vankov, H. ; Wagner, R. M. ; Weitzel, Q. ; Zabalza, V. ; Zandanel, F. ; Zanin, R. ; Acciari, V. A. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Benbow, W. ; Boltuch, D. ; Bradbury, S. M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Cannon, A. ; Cesarini, A. ; Ciupik, L. ; Cui, W. ; Dickherber, R. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Finley, J. P. ; Finnegan, G. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Godambe, S. ; Grube, J. ; Guenette, R. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Huang, D. ; Hui, C. M. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Kaaret, P. ; Karlsson, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, D. ; Konopelko, A. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Lang, M. J. ; Maier, G. ; McArthur, S. ; McCann, A. ; McCutcheon, M. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Ong, R. ; Otte, N. ; Pandel, D. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pichel, A. ; Pohl, M. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rose, H. J. ; Rovero, A. C. ; Schroedter, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Senturk, G. D. ; Steele, D. ; Swordy, S. P. ; Tesic, G. ; Theiling, M. ; Thibadeau, S. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Ward, J. E. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Weinstein, A. ; Weisgarber, T. ; Williams, D. A. ; Wood, M. ; Zitzer, B. ; Villata, M. ; Raiteri, C. M. ; Aller, H. D. ; Aller, M. F. ; Arkharov, A. A. ; Blinov, D. A. ; Calcidese, P. ; Chen, W. P. ; Efimova, N. V. ; Kimeridze, G. ; Konstantinova, T. S. ; Kopatskaya, E. N. ; Koptelova, E. ; Kurtanidze, O. M. ; Kurtanidze, S. O. ; Lahteenmaki, A. ; Larionov, V. M. ; Larionova, E. G. ; Larionova, L. V. ; Ligustri, R. ; Morozova, D. A. ; Nikolashvili, M. G. ; Sigua, L. A. ; Troitsky, I. S. ; Angelakis, E. ; Capalbi, M. ; Carraminana, A. ; Carrasco, L. ; Cassaro, P. ; de la Fuente, E. ; Gurwell, M. A. ; Kovalev, Y. Y. ; Kovalev, Yu. A. ; Krichbaum, T. P. ; Krimm, H. A. ; Leto, Paolo ; Lister, M. L. ; Maccaferri, G. ; Moody, J. W. ; Mori, Y. ; Nestoras, I. ; Orlati, A. ; Pagani, C. ; Pace, C. ; Pearson, R. ; Perri, M. ; Piner, B. G. ; Pushkarev, A. B. ; Ros, E. ; Sadun, A. C. ; Sakamoto, T. ; Tornikoski, M. ; Yatsu, Y. ; Zook, A.
We report on the gamma-ray activity of the blazar Mrk 501 during the first 480 days of Fermi operation. We find that the average Large Area Telescope (LAT) gamma-ray spectrum of Mrk 501 can be well described by a single power-law function with a photon index of 1.78 +/- 0.03. While we observe relatively mild flux variations with the Fermi-LAT (within less than a factor of two), we detect remarkable spectral variability where the hardest observed spectral index within the LAT energy range is 1.52 +/- 0.14, and the softest one is 2.51 +/- 0.20. These unexpected spectral changes do not correlate with the measured flux variations above 0.3 GeV. In this paper, we also present the first results from the 4.5 month long multifrequency campaign (2009 March 15-August 1) on Mrk 501, which included the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), Swift, RXTE, MAGIC, and VERITAS, the F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, and other collaborations and instruments which provided excellent temporal and energy coverage of the source throughout the entire campaign. The extensive radio to TeV data set from this campaign provides us with the most detailed spectral energy distribution yet collected for this source during its relatively low activity. The average spectral energy distribution of Mrk 501 is well described by the standard one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model. In the framework of this model, we find that the dominant emission region is characterized by a size less than or similar to 0.1 pc (comparable within a factor of few to the size of the partially resolved VLBA core at 15-43 GHz), and that the total jet power (similar or equal to 10(44) erg s(-1)) constitutes only a small fraction (similar to 10(-3)) of the Eddington luminosity. The energy distribution of the freshly accelerated radiating electrons required to fit the time-averaged data has a broken power-law form in the energy range 0.3 GeV-10 TeV, with spectral indices 2.2 and 2.7 below and above the break energy of 20 GeV. We argue that such a form is consistent with a scenario in which the bulk of the energy dissipation within the dominant emission zone of Mrk 501 is due to relativistic, proton-mediated shocks. We find that the ultrarelativistic electrons and mildly relativistic protons within the blazar zone, if comparable in number, are in approximate energy equipartition, with their energy dominating the jet magnetic field energy by about two orders of magnitude.
Ackermann, Margit ; Ajello, M. ; Allafort, A. J. ; Baldini, L. ; Ballet, J. ; Barbiellini, G. ; Bastieri, D. ; Belfiore, A. ; Bellazzini, R. ; Berenji, B. ; Blandford, R. D. ; Bloom, E. D. ; Bonamente, E. ; Borgland, A. W. ; Bottacini, E. ; Brigida, M. ; Bruel, P. ; Buehler, R. ; Buson, S. ; Caliandro, G. A. ; Cameron, R. A. ; Caraveo, P. A. ; Casandjian, J. M. ; Cecchi, C. ; Chekhtman, A. ; Cheung, C. C. ; Chiang, J. ; Ciprini, S. ; Claus, R. ; Cohen-Tanugi, J. ; de Angelis, A. ; de Palma, F. ; Dermer, C. D. ; do Couto e Silva, E. ; Drell, P. S. ; Dumora, D. ; Favuzzi, C. ; Fegan, S. J. ; Focke, W. B. ; Fortin, P. ; Fukazawa, Y. ; Fusco, P. ; Gargano, F. ; Germani, S. ; Giglietto, N. ; Giordano, F. ; Giroletti, M. ; Glanzman, T. ; Godfrey, G. ; Grenier, I. A. ; Guillemot, L. ; Guiriec, S. ; Hadasch, D. ; Hanabata, Y. ; Harding, A. K. ; Hayashida, M. ; Hayashi, K. ; Hays, E. ; Johannesson, G. ; Johnson, A. S. ; Kamae, T. ; Katagiri, H. ; Kataoka, J. ; Kerr, M. ; Knoedlseder, J. ; Kuss, M. ; Lande, J. ; Latronico, L. ; Lee, S. -H. ; Longo, F. ; Loparco, F. ; Lott, B. ; Lovellette, M. N. ; Lubrano, P. ; Martin, P. ; Mazziotta, Mario Nicola ; McEnery, J. E. ; Mehault, J. ; Michelson, P. F. ; Mitthumsiri, W. ; Mizuno, T. ; Monte, C. ; Monzani, M. E. ; Morselli, A. ; Moskalenko, I. V. ; Murgia, S. ; Naumann-Godo, M. ; Nolan, P. L. ; Norris, J. P. ; Nuss, E. ; Ohsugi, T. ; Okumura, A. ; Orlando, E. ; Ormes, J. F. ; Ozaki, M. ; Paneque, D. ; Parent, D. ; Pesce-Rollins, M. ; Pierbattista, M. ; Piron, F. ; Pohl, Martin ; Prokhorov, D. ; Raino, S. ; Rando, R. ; Razzano, M. ; Reposeur, T. ; Ritz, S. ; Parkinson, P. M. Saz ; Sgro, C. ; Siskind, E. J. ; Smith, P. D. ; Spinelli, P. ; Strong, A. W. ; Takahashi, H. ; Tanaka, T. ; Thayer, J. G. ; Thayer, J. B. ; Thompson, D. J. ; Tibaldo, L. ; Torres, D. F. ; Tosti, G. ; Tramacere, A. ; Troja, E. ; Uchiyama, Y. ; Vandenbroucke, J. ; Vasileiou, V. ; Vianello, G. ; Vitale, V. ; Waite, A. P. ; Wang, P. ; Winer, B. L. ; Wood, K. S. ; Yang, Z. ; Zimmer, S. ; Bontemps, S.
The origin of Galactic cosmic rays is a century-long puzzle. Indirect evidence points to their acceleration by supernova shockwaves, but we know little of their escape from the shock and their evolution through the turbulent medium surrounding massive stars. Gamma rays can probe their spreading through the ambient gas and radiation fields. The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has observed the star-forming region of Cygnus X. The 1- to 100-gigaelectronvolt images reveal a 50-parsec-wide cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays that flood the cavities carved by the stellar winds and ionization fronts from young stellar clusters. It provides an example to study the youth of cosmic rays in a superbubble environment before they merge into the older Galactic population.
- 1 to 6