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We present an integrated model for the understanding of and the reasoning from conditional statements. Central assumptions from several approaches are integrated into a causal path model. According to the model, the cognitive availability of exceptions to a conditional reduces the subjective conditional probability of the consequent, given the antecedent. This conditional probability determines people's degree of belief in the conditional, which in turn affects their willingness to accept logically valid inferences. In addition to this indirect pathway, the model contains a direct pathway: Availability of exceptional situations directly reduces the endorsement of valid inferences. We tested the integrated model with three experiments using conditional statements embedded in pseudonaturalistic cover stories. An explicitly mentioned causal link between antecedent and consequent was either present (causal conditionals) or absent (arbitrary conditionals). The model was supported for the causal but not for the arbitrary conditional statements
Obesity is associated with psychosocial strain and a lower quality of life. Health-related quality of life is an important indicator for evaluating intervention treatments. However, German disease-specific quality of life instruments are lacking. In this paper the development and psychometric results of a weight-specific quality of life questionnaire for overweight and obese children and adolescents (GQ-LQ-KJ) is described. To determine the psychometric properties of the instrument 448 children and adolescents treated for over-weight or obesity took part in the study. They filled in the quality of life questionnaire, the German version of the STAI for children, a body image avoidance questionnaire (BIAQ) and several subscales of a generic quality of life questionnaire, the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Results support the item and scale properties. Furthermore we were able to form two economic parallel versions suitable for further intervention studies
Asthma bronchiale
(2005)
Verhaltenstherapie
(2005)