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In einer Laengsschnittstudie wird die Entwicklung von Motivationskomponenten zum Lernen in Mathematik von der fuenften bis zur neunten Klassenstufe untersucht. Motivationskomponenten wurden mit dem "Potsdamer Motivations-Inventar" erfasst, die Bezugsnormorientierung der Lehrer sowie das mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Anregungsklimas im Elternhaus mit eigens entwickelten Skalen. Daten wurden an einer Stichprobe von urspruenglich zirka 750 Schuelerinnen und Schuelern erhoben. An der dritten Erhebung nahmen nur noch etwa 600 von ihnen teil. Es zeigte sich, dass sich die Mathematiknote am Ende eines Schuljahres sehr gut durch die zu Schulbeginn erfassten Motivationskomponenten vorhersagen laesst. Waehrend das insgesamt geringe Angsterleben im Mathematikunterricht von der fuenften bis zur neunten Klasse stabil blieb, nahm das Sachinteresse kontinuierlich ab. Bei der Einschaetzung des mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Anregungsklimas im Elternhaus fanden sich ueberraschenderweise grosse Unterschiede zwischen Kindern und Eltern. (U.B. - ZPID)
Neurodermitiskranke Kinder und Jugendliche : psychosoziale Belastungen und Krankheitsbewältigung
(2004)
Our aim was to assess the psychosocial well-being of asthmatic children and adolescents, the influencing factors, and to determine the effect of inpatient rehabilitation on their quality of life; 226 asthmatic children and adolescents participated in the inpatient rehabilitation (IG). The comparison group (CG) included 92 asthmatic children and adolescents receiving standard medical treatments. Patients were aged between 8 and 16 years and were predominantly male. The health-related quality of life was measured with the German version of the "Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire." Interviews were carried out for IG 2 weeks before the commencement of their inpatient stay and 1 year after their stay ended. The same time schedule was carried out for CG. All patients reported a mild to moderate impairment of their quality of life. Girls described a slightly lower quality of life than boys. With increasing asthma severity, quality of life decreased. Inpatients described a lower quality of life than CG at enrollment. Inpatient rehabilitation resulted in a greater improvement of quality of life over time for IG than for CG. Gender and severity status had no effect on this time course. The only modestly affected quality of life may reflect the good adaptation to the disease and medical treatment. Children and adolescents in the IG recorded improvements in their quality of life. Differences in quality of life based on gender and disease severity were not shown to influence the improvements. In summary, inpatient rehabilitation results in an improvement of health-related quality of life. Further research concerning the psychosocial situation of children and adolescents in this setting is needed
Background Bringing up children with atopic dermatitis (AD) is widely perceived as being stressful because parenting demands considerable time and energy. There have been only a few studies to assess the extent of problems experienced by the parents. Objective To assess the psychosocial well-being of parents caring for a young child with AD and to examine the relationship between parental quality of life and disease-related and sociodemographic variables. Methods One hundred and eighty-seven parents of young children with AD attending an inpatient rehabilitation clinic participated in the study. At admission, parents completed a set of questionnaires (assessing health-related quality of life, coping with the disease, family functioning). Dermatologists assessed disease severity using the severity scoring of AD index (SCORAD). Results In general, parents cope well with their situation. Compared with normal values, high rates of psychological distress were observed in a subsample of parents of children with AD. Parents of children with a higher severity of disease reported a significantly higher impact on family functioning, a greater financial burden and a higher level of disease management. Parental disease management could be predicted by the familial situation, their personal well-being and the severity of disease of their child. Differences attributed to their child's gender or age were not observed. Conclusions Childhood AD has a profound impact on the emotional and social well-being of many of the parents. The results underline the importance of psychological treatment approaches designed to increase parental well-being and ability to cope with stress and social strain
Bimanual parity judgments about numerically small (large) digits are faster with the left (right) hand, even though parity is unrelated to numerical magnitude per se (the SNARC effect; Dehaene, Bossini, & Giraux, 1993). According to one model, this effect reflects a space-related representation of numerical magnitudes (mental number line) with a genuine left-to-right orientation. Alternatively, it may simply reflect an overlearned motor association between numbers and manual responses-as, for example, on typewriters or computer keyboards-in which case it should be weaker or absent with effectors whose horizontal response component is less systematically associated with individual numbers. Two experiments involving comparisons of saccadic and manual parity judgment tasks clearly support the first view; they also establish a vertical SNARC effect, suggesting that our magnitude representation resembles a number map, rather than a number line