Refine
Year of publication
- 2021 (67) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (49)
- Working Paper (9)
- Doctoral Thesis (5)
- Postprint (2)
- Master's Thesis (1)
- Review (1)
Language
- English (67) (remove)
Keywords
- USA (7)
- United States (7)
- moderne jüdische Geschichte (6)
- modern Jewish history (5)
- 20. Jahrhundert (4)
- 20th century (4)
- 19. Jahrhundert (3)
- 19th century (2)
- Chlamydomonas (2)
- German history (2)
- MiSpEx (2)
- Modern Jewish history (2)
- SEPE (2)
- acclimation (2)
- behaviour (2)
- composition (2)
- deutsche Geschichte (2)
- ecophysiology (2)
- football (2)
- kinetics (2)
- long-term effects (2)
- low back pain (2)
- mental health (2)
- migration (2)
- multidisciplinary intervention (2)
- photoresponse (2)
- photosynthesis (2)
- physiology (2)
- stunting (2)
- sustainability (2)
- virtual reality (2)
- ALOS World 3D (1)
- ASTER GDEM (1)
- Active noise control (1)
- Adipose tissue (1)
- Adolescents (1)
- Africa (1)
- Aftercare (1)
- Antibiotikaresistenz (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (1)
- Autismus (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Bandenenergien (1)
- Bodenbearbeitung (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- Chew Bahir (1)
- Chronic conditions (1)
- Chronic low back pain (1)
- Convergence (1)
- Conversation Analysis (1)
- Copernicus DEM (1)
- Coping (1)
- Cystic fibrosis (1)
- Cytochrome b (1)
- DEM noise (1)
- Difference-in-Differences (1)
- Düngung (1)
- East European Jewish history (1)
- Emotionserkennung (1)
- Energiespeicher (1)
- European history (1)
- Feature selection (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- Fourier analysis (1)
- Fresh water fish (1)
- Galicia (1)
- Galizien (1)
- Gasgeochemie (1)
- Geflügelmist (1)
- Geistesgeschichte (1)
- Gene expression (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Geothermal monitoring (1)
- Geothermisches Monitoring (1)
- German Jewry (1)
- Glucose homeostasis (1)
- Grenzflächen (1)
- GxLMS algorithm (1)
- HIV (1)
- Halogenbindung (1)
- Hippo signaling (1)
- Horace Kallen (1)
- ICDP (1)
- Individualized therapy (1)
- Institutions (1)
- Insulin resistance (1)
- Interactional Linguistics (1)
- Irradiation (1)
- Isaac Leeser (1)
- Isaac Mayer Wise (1)
- Island biogeography (1)
- Israel (1)
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (1)
- Kohlenstoff (1)
- LCSM (1)
- LMS without reference signal (1)
- Matthew effect (1)
- Memory studies (1)
- Metabolic syndrome (1)
- Mistausbringung (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Mobile diagnostics (1)
- Mobilität (1)
- Moderne jüdische Geschichte (1)
- Natrium-Ionen-Akkumulator (1)
- Nehemia Robinson (1)
- Nutrition (1)
- Obesity (1)
- Orthodox Judaism (1)
- PM10 (1)
- Perowskit Solarzellen (1)
- Photodynamics (1)
- Photovoltaik (1)
- Phylogeny (1)
- Physical activity (1)
- Policy Reform (1)
- Preußen (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Prior knowledge (1)
- Prospective (1)
- Protective factors (1)
- Prussia (1)
- Quality of life (1)
- Rabbiner (1)
- Randomized controlled trial (1)
- Rechtsgeschichte (1)
- Reform Judaism (1)
- Reformjudentum (1)
- Rehabilitation (1)
- Reisen (1)
- Reproducible benchmarking (1)
- Resiliency (1)
- Rural health (1)
- Russia (1)
- Russland (1)
- SNARC (1)
- SRT (1)
- SRTM (1)
- Social-Economic-Political-Emotional (SEPE) factors (1)
- Start-Up Subsidies (1)
- Staubemission (1)
- Stress response (1)
- Strukturgeologie (1)
- Superconducting gravimetry (1)
- Supraleit-Gravimetrie (1)
- TAVI (1)
- TanDEM-X (1)
- Time series analysis (1)
- Training Sozialer Kognition (1)
- Type 1 diabetes (1)
- VR (1)
- Winderosion (1)
- Wissenschaftsgeschichte (1)
- Wissensgeschichte (1)
- WorldDEM (1)
- Yap1/Wwtr1 (Taz) (1)
- Zeitreihenanalyse (1)
- addition (1)
- adolescents (1)
- agricultural (1)
- airborne bacteria (1)
- anterior cruciate ligament (1)
- anthropometry (1)
- antibiotic resistance (1)
- approximate methods (1)
- arable weeds (1)
- athletic performance (1)
- autism (1)
- behavioral economics (1)
- bibliometric analysis (1)
- birth weight (1)
- blended learning (1)
- blockchain (1)
- body height (1)
- business process management (1)
- business processes (1)
- business services (1)
- carbon (1)
- carbon cycling (1)
- carbon price (1)
- cardiac development (1)
- cardiology (1)
- cardiovascular diseases (1)
- cellulose polymeric organic matter (1)
- cereal leaf beetle (1)
- change of direction speed (1)
- citation analysis (1)
- climate (1)
- climate change (1)
- climate policy (1)
- cognitive bias (1)
- consultation (1)
- content knowledge (1)
- continuing education activities (1)
- crowding out (1)
- cultural pluralism (1)
- decomposition methods (1)
- deferred choice (1)
- deutsch-jüdische Geschichte (1)
- diabetic (1)
- diffusion (1)
- dust emission (1)
- eccentric-plyometric (1)
- economy (1)
- elderly (1)
- electromyography (1)
- elevated plus-maze (1)
- embodied cognition (1)
- emotion recognition (1)
- emotional stress (1)
- endocardium (1)
- endophytes (1)
- energy levels (1)
- energy storage (1)
- europäische Geschichte (1)
- exercise (1)
- exercise test (1)
- extracellular enzymes (1)
- fear (1)
- fecal contamination (1)
- feeling of presence (1)
- fertilization (1)
- fiction (1)
- first-passage time (1)
- first-reaction time (1)
- food prices (1)
- formal semantics (1)
- frailty tool (1)
- frame index (1)
- functional performance (1)
- fungal pathogens (1)
- fungi (1)
- fäkale Kontamination (1)
- gait (1)
- gas geochemistry (1)
- gender (1)
- geothermal exploration (1)
- geothermal monitoring (1)
- geothermische Exploration (1)
- geothermische Überwachung (1)
- goal-setting (1)
- habit formation (1)
- halogen bonding (1)
- handgrip strength (1)
- hate crime (1)
- health care (1)
- healthcare (1)
- herbivory (1)
- high-sodium (1)
- history of science (1)
- horizontal equity (1)
- human capital (1)
- hybridization capture (1)
- imaginary world (1)
- implicit learning (1)
- in-service training (1)
- income (1)
- innovation laboratories (1)
- intellectual history (1)
- interfaces (1)
- interreligious dialogue (1)
- interreligiöser Dialog (1)
- intonation units (1)
- intra-organ-communication (1)
- just transition (1)
- jüdische Orthodoxie (1)
- kelp (1)
- kultureller Pluralismus (1)
- labor productivity (1)
- labour migration (1)
- landwirtschaftlich (1)
- legal history (1)
- literature review (1)
- luftgetragene Bakterien (1)
- manure application (1)
- maturation (1)
- mechanobiology (1)
- memory studies (1)
- mental imagery (1)
- mental simulation (1)
- meta-analysis (1)
- metabolic disease (1)
- migrants (1)
- mobility (1)
- mortality (1)
- myocardium (1)
- narrative (1)
- natural field experiment (1)
- nineteenth century (1)
- non-adjacent dependencies (1)
- obesity (1)
- objective health measures (1)
- older patients (1)
- oncology (1)
- open-field (1)
- oracles (1)
- osteuropäisch-jüdische Geschichte (1)
- oxygen consumption (1)
- paleoclimate (1)
- past biosphere (1)
- peak height velocity (1)
- perovskite solar cells (1)
- phonetics (1)
- photovoltaic (1)
- physical activity (1)
- post-natal (1)
- poultry manure (1)
- pre-natal (1)
- primary school (1)
- print culture (1)
- problem solving (1)
- productivity slowdown (1)
- professional development (1)
- prosody (1)
- psycho-oncology (1)
- rabbis (1)
- redistribution (1)
- redox state (1)
- refugees (1)
- regulation of growth (1)
- religious education (1)
- religiöse Bildung (1)
- renewable energy subsidies (1)
- representative real-time survey data (1)
- return-to-sport (1)
- review (1)
- rule learning (1)
- sandige Böden (1)
- sandy soils (1)
- school health examinations (1)
- sedaDNA (1)
- sedentary (1)
- sediment core (1)
- self-employed (1)
- serial reaction time (SRT) task (1)
- shared leadership (1)
- shell-like geometries (1)
- skills (1)
- smart contracts (1)
- social cognition training (1)
- sodium-ion batteries (1)
- speed (1)
- stability (1)
- standing long jump (1)
- starch granule (1)
- starch granule morphology (1)
- starch granule size (1)
- starch metabolism (1)
- structural equation model (1)
- structural geology (1)
- subtraction (1)
- syntax (1)
- talk-in-interaction (1)
- taxpayer subsidies (1)
- teacher learning (1)
- teacher quality (1)
- tillage (1)
- training (1)
- training adaptation (1)
- transatlantic history (1)
- transatlantische Geschichte (1)
- travel (1)
- usability (1)
- voucher (1)
- water sports (1)
- web-based (1)
- wheat (1)
- wind erosion (1)
- windfall gains (1)
- workflow patterns (1)
- youth soccer (1)
- youth sports (1)
- zebrafish (1)
- Þeistareykir Iceland (1)
- Þeistareykir Island (1)
- social network analysis (1)
- team creativity (1)
- intrapreneurship (1)
Institute
- Extern (67) (remove)
We investigate how inviting students to set task-based goals affects usage of an online learning platform and course performance. We design and implement a randomized field experiment in a large mandatory economics course with blended learning elements. The low-cost treatment induces students to use the online learning system more often, more intensively, and to begin earlier with exam preparation. Treated students perform better in the course than the control group: they are 18.8% (0.20 SD) more likely to pass the exam and earn 6.7% (0.19 SD) more points on the exam. There is no evidence that treated students spend significantly more time, rather they tend to shift to more productive learning methods. The heterogeneity analysis suggests that higher treatment effects are associated with higher levels of behavioral bias but also with poor early course behavior.
Frailty assessment is recommended before elective transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) to determine post-interventional prognosis. Several studies have investigated frailty in TAVI-patients using numerous assessments; however, it remains unclear which is the most appropriate tool for clinical practice. Therefore, we evaluate which frailty assessment is mainly used and meaningful for ≤30-day and ≥1-year prognosis in TAVI patients. Randomized controlled or observational studies (prospective/retrospective) investigating all-cause mortality in older (≥70 years) TAVI patients were identified (PubMed; May 2020). In total, 79 studies investigating frailty with 49 different assessments were included. As single markers of frailty, mostly gait speed (23 studies) and serum albumin (16 studies) were used. Higher risk of 1-year mortality was predicted by slower gait speed (highest Hazard Ratios (HR): 14.71; 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.50–33.30) and lower serum albumin level (highest HR: 3.12; 95% CI 1.80–5.42). Composite indices (five items; seven studies) were associated with 30-day (highest Odds Ratio (OR): 15.30; 95% CI 2.71–86.10) and 1-year mortality (highest OR: 2.75; 95% CI 1.55–4.87). In conclusion, single markers of frailty, in particular gait speed, were widely used to predict 1-year mortality. Composite indices were appropriate, as well as a comprehensive assessment of frailty. View Full-Text
“Chunking” spoken language
(2021)
In this introductory paper to the special issue on “Weak cesuras in talk-in-interaction”, we aim to guide the reader into current work on the “chunking” of naturally occurring talk. It is conducted in the methodological frameworks of Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics – two approaches that consider the interactional aspect of humans talking with each other to be a crucial starting point for its analysis. In doing so, we will (1) lay out the background of this special issue (what is problematic about “chunking” talk-in-interaction, the characteristics of the methodological approach chosen by the contributors, the cesura model), (2) highlight what can be gained from such a revised understanding of “chunking” in talk-in-interaction by referring to previous work with this model as well as the findings of the contributions to this special issue, and (3) indicate further directions such work could take starting from papers in this special issue. We hope to induce a fruitful exchange on the phenomena discussed, across methodological divides.
Emotions are a complex concept and they are present in our everyday life. Persons on the autism spectrum are said to have difficulties in social interactions, showing deficits in emotion recognition in comparison to neurotypically developed persons. But social-emotional skills are believed to be positively augmented by training. A new adaptive social cognition training tool “E.V.A.” is introduced which teaches emotion recognition from face, voice and body language. One cross-sectional and one longitudinal study with adult neurotypical and autistic participants were conducted. The aim of the cross-sectional study was to characterize the two groups and see if differences in their social-emotional skills exist. The longitudinal study, on the other hand, aimed for detecting possible training effects following training with the new training tool. In addition, in both studies usability assessments were conducted to investigate the perceived usability of the new tool for neurotypical as well as autistic participants. Differences were found between autistic and neurotypical participants in their social-emotional and emotion recognition abilities. Training effects for neurotypical participants in an emotion recognition task were found after two weeks of home training. Similar perceived usability was found for the neurotypical and autistic participants. The current findings suggest that persons with ASC do not have a general deficit in emotion recognition, but are in need for more time to correctly recognize emotions. In addition, findings suggest that training emotion recognition abilities is possible. Further studies are needed to verify if the training effects found for neurotypical participants also manifest in a larger ASC sample.
Strong as a Hippo’s Heart: Biomechanical Hippo Signaling During Zebrafish Cardiac Development
(2021)
The heart is comprised of multiple tissues that contribute to its physiological functions. During development, the growth of myocardium and endocardium is coupled and morphogenetic processes within these separate tissue layers are integrated. Here, we discuss the roles of mechanosensitive Hippo signaling in growth and morphogenesis of the zebrafish heart. Hippo signaling is involved in defining numbers of cardiac progenitor cells derived from the secondary heart field, in restricting the growth of the epicardium, and in guiding trabeculation and outflow tract formation. Recent work also shows that myocardial chamber dimensions serve as a blueprint for Hippo signaling-dependent growth of the endocardium. Evidently, Hippo pathway components act at the crossroads of various signaling pathways involved in embryonic zebrafish heart development. Elucidating how biomechanical Hippo signaling guides heart morphogenesis has direct implications for our understanding of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
While a growing body of literature finds positive impacts of Start-Up Subsidies (SUS) on labor market outcomes of participants, little is known about how the design of these programs shapes their effectiveness and hence how to improve policy. As experimental variation in program design is unavailable, we exploit the 2011 reform of the current German SUS program for the unemployed which strengthened case-workers’ discretionary power, increased entry requirements and reduced monetary support. We estimate the impact of the reform on the program’s effectiveness using samples of participants and non-participants from before and after the reform. To control for time-constant unobserved heterogeneity as well as differential selection patterns based on observable characteristics over time, we combine Difference-in-Differences with inverse probability weighting using covariate balancing propensity scores. Holding participants’ observed characteristics as well as macroeconomic conditions constant, the results suggest that the reform was successful in raising employment effects on average. As these findings may be contaminated by changes in selection patterns based on unobserved characteristics, we assess our results using simulation-based sensitivity analyses and find that our estimates are highly robust to changes in unobserved characteristics. Hence, the reform most likely had a positive impact on the effectiveness of the program, suggesting that increasing entry requirements and reducing support in-creased the program’s impacts while reducing the cost per participant.
In the frame of a world fighting a dramatic global warming caused by human-related activities, research towards the development of renewable energies plays a crucial role. Solar energy is one of the most important clean energy sources and its role in the satisfaction of the global energy demand is set to increase. In this context, a particular class of materials captured the attention of the scientific community for its attractive properties: halide perovskites. Devices with perovskite as light-absorber saw an impressive development within the last decade, reaching nowadays efficiencies comparable to mature photovoltaic technologies like silicon solar cells. Yet, there are still several roadblocks to overcome before a wide-spread commercialization of this kind of devices is enabled. One of the critical points lies at the interfaces: perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are made of several layers with different chemical and physical features. In order for the device to function properly, these properties have to be well-matched.
This dissertation deals with some of the challenges related to interfaces in PSCs, with a focus on the interface between the perovskite material itself and the subsequent charge transport layer. In particular, molecular assemblies with specific properties are deposited on the perovskite surface to functionalize it. The functionalization results in energy level alignment adjustment, interfacial losses reduction, and stability improvement.
First, a strategy to tune the perovskite’s energy levels is introduced: self-assembled monolayers of dipolar molecules are used to functionalize the surface, obtaining simultaneously a shift in the vacuum level position and a saturation of the dangling bonds at the surface. A shift in the vacuum level corresponds to an equal change in work function, ionization energy, and electron affinity. The direction of the shift depends on the direction of the collective interfacial dipole. The magnitude of the shift can be tailored by controlling the deposition parameters, such as the concentration of the solution used for the deposition. The shift for different molecules is characterized by several non-invasive techniques, including in particular Kelvin probe. Overall, it is shown that it is possible to shift the perovskite energy levels in both directions by several hundreds of meV. Moreover, interesting insights on the molecules deposition dynamics are revealed.
Secondly, the application of this strategy in perovskite solar cells is explored. Devices with different perovskite compositions (“triple cation perovskite” and MAPbBr3) are prepared. The two resulting model systems present different energetic offsets at the perovskite/hole-transport layer interface. Upon tailored perovskite surface functionalization, the devices show a stabilized open circuit voltage (Voc) enhancement of approximately 60 meV on average for devices with MAPbBr3, while the impact is limited on triple-cation solar cells. This suggests that the proposed energy level tuning method is valid, but its effectiveness depends on factors such as the significance of the energetic offset compared to the other losses in the devices.
Finally, the above presented method is further developed by incorporating the ability to interact with the perovskite surface directly into a novel hole-transport material (HTM), named PFI. The HTM can anchor to the perovskite halide ions via halogen bonding (XB). Its behaviour is compared to that of another HTM (PF) with same chemical structure and properties, except for the ability of forming XB. The interaction of perovskite with PFI and PF is characterized through UV-Vis, atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe measurements combined with simulations. Compared to PF, PFI exhibits enhanced resilience against solvent exposure and improved energy level alignment with the perovskite layer. As a consequence, devices comprising PFI show enhanced Voc and operational stability during maximum-power-point tracking, in addition to hysteresis reduction. XB promotes the formation of a high-quality interface by anchoring to the halide ions and forming a stable and ordered interfacial layer, showing to be a particularly interesting candidate for the development of tailored charge transport materials in PSCs.
Overall, the results exposed in this dissertation introduce and discuss a versatile tool to functionalize the perovskite surface and tune its energy levels. The application of this method in devices is explored and insights on its challenges and advantages are given. Within this frame, the results shed light on XB as ideal interaction for enhancing stability and efficiency in perovskite-based devices.
Organisms often employ ecophysiological strategies to exploit environmental conditions and ensure bio-energetic success. However, the many complexities involved in the differential expression and flexibility of these strategies are rarely fully understood. Therefore, for the first time, using a three-part cross-disciplinary laboratory experimental analysis, we investigated the diversity and plasticity of photoresponsive traits employed by one family of environmentally contrasting, ecologically important phytoflagellates. The results demonstrated an extensive inter-species phenotypic diversity of behavioural, physiological, and compositional photoresponse across the Chlamydomonadaceae, and a multifaceted intra-species phenotypic plasticity, involving a broad range of beneficial photoacclimation strategies, often attributable to environmental predisposition and phylogenetic differentiation. Deceptively diverse and sophisticated strong (population and individual cell) behavioural photoresponses were observed, with divergence from a general preference for low light (and flexibility) dictated by intra-familial differences in typical habitat (salinity and trophy) and phylogeny. Notably, contrasting lower, narrow, and flexible compared with higher, broad, and stable preferences were observed in freshwater vs. brackish and marine species. Complex diversity and plasticity in physiological and compositional photoresponses were also discovered. Metabolic characteristics (such as growth rates, respiratory costs and photosynthetic capacity, efficiency, compensation and saturation points) varied elaborately with species, typical habitat (often varying more in eutrophic species, such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), and culture irradiance (adjusting to optimise energy acquisition and suggesting some propensity for low light). Considerable variations in intracellular pigment and biochemical composition were also recorded. Photosynthetic and accessory pigments (such as chlorophyll a, xanthophyll-cycle components, chlorophyll a:b and chlorophyll a:carotenoid ratios, fatty acid content and saturation ratios) varied with phylogeny and typical habitat (to attune photosystem ratios in different trophic conditions and to optimise shade adaptation, photoprotection, and thylakoid architecture, particularly in freshwater environments), and changed with irradiance (as reaction and harvesting centres adjusted to modulate absorption and quantum yield). The complex, concomitant nature of the results also advocated an integrative approach in future investigations. Overall, these nuanced, diverse, and flexible photoresponsive traits will greatly contribute to the functional ecology of these organisms, addressing environmental heterogeneity and potentially shaping individual fitness, spatial and temporal distribution, prevalence, and ecosystem dynamics.
Organisms often employ ecophysiological strategies to exploit environmental conditions and ensure bio-energetic success. However, the many complexities involved in the differential expression and flexibility of these strategies are rarely fully understood. Therefore, for the first time, using a three-part cross-disciplinary laboratory experimental analysis, we investigated the diversity and plasticity of photoresponsive traits employed by one family of environmentally contrasting, ecologically important phytoflagellates. The results demonstrated an extensive inter-species phenotypic diversity of behavioural, physiological, and compositional photoresponse across the Chlamydomonadaceae, and a multifaceted intra-species phenotypic plasticity, involving a broad range of beneficial photoacclimation strategies, often attributable to environmental predisposition and phylogenetic differentiation. Deceptively diverse and sophisticated strong (population and individual cell) behavioural photoresponses were observed, with divergence from a general preference for low light (and flexibility) dictated by intra-familial differences in typical habitat (salinity and trophy) and phylogeny. Notably, contrasting lower, narrow, and flexible compared with higher, broad, and stable preferences were observed in freshwater vs. brackish and marine species. Complex diversity and plasticity in physiological and compositional photoresponses were also discovered. Metabolic characteristics (such as growth rates, respiratory costs and photosynthetic capacity, efficiency, compensation and saturation points) varied elaborately with species, typical habitat (often varying more in eutrophic species, such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), and culture irradiance (adjusting to optimise energy acquisition and suggesting some propensity for low light). Considerable variations in intracellular pigment and biochemical composition were also recorded. Photosynthetic and accessory pigments (such as chlorophyll a, xanthophyll-cycle components, chlorophyll a:b and chlorophyll a:carotenoid ratios, fatty acid content and saturation ratios) varied with phylogeny and typical habitat (to attune photosystem ratios in different trophic conditions and to optimise shade adaptation, photoprotection, and thylakoid architecture, particularly in freshwater environments), and changed with irradiance (as reaction and harvesting centres adjusted to modulate absorption and quantum yield). The complex, concomitant nature of the results also advocated an integrative approach in future investigations. Overall, these nuanced, diverse, and flexible photoresponsive traits will greatly contribute to the functional ecology of these organisms, addressing environmental heterogeneity and potentially shaping individual fitness, spatial and temporal distribution, prevalence, and ecosystem dynamics.
American occupying forces made the promotion of Jewish-Christian dialogue part of their plans for postwar German reconstruction. They sought to export American models of Jewish-Christian cooperation to Germany, while simultaneously validating and valorizing claims about the connection between democracy and tri-faith religious pluralism in the United States. The small size of the Jewish population in Germany meant that Jews did not set the terms of these discussions, and evidence shows that both German and American Jews expressed skepticism about participating in dialogue in the years immediately following the Holocaust. But opting out would have meant that discussions in Germany about the Judeo-Christian tradition that the American government advanced as the centerpiece of postwar democratic reconstruction would take place without a Jewish contribution. American Jewish leaders, present in Germany and in the US, therefore decided to opt in, not because they supported the project, but because it seemed far riskier to be left out.