Refine
Year of publication
- 2022 (177) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (144)
- Doctoral Thesis (19)
- Postprint (9)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (2)
- Part of a Book (1)
- Other (1)
- Review (1)
Language
- English (177) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (177)
Keywords
- climate change (7)
- permafrost (7)
- Andes (3)
- diffusion (3)
- machine learning (3)
- ocean color remote sensing (3)
- pollen (3)
- radiation belts (3)
- Arctic ocean (2)
- Argentina (2)
- Asia (2)
- Central Andes (2)
- Climate change (2)
- Diffusion (2)
- ERA5 (2)
- GEDI (2)
- ICESat-2 (2)
- Landsat (2)
- Magnetotellurics (2)
- Opalinus Clay (2)
- Opalinuston (2)
- PHREEQC (2)
- Precipitation (2)
- Sentinel 2 (2)
- Siberia (2)
- Tibetan Plateau (2)
- Vertical flux (2)
- analysis (2)
- bacteria (2)
- bat fatalities (2)
- biodiversity decline (2)
- canopy height (2)
- earthquake (2)
- extreme events (2)
- flood risk (2)
- floods (2)
- food web (2)
- geodynamics (2)
- green-green dilemma (2)
- hydraulic fracturing (2)
- isotopic fractionation (2)
- landscape evolution (2)
- lidar (2)
- mapping (2)
- modelling (2)
- monitoring (2)
- nearshore zone (2)
- numerical modelling (2)
- numerische Modellierung (2)
- radiocarbon (2)
- reactive transport (2)
- reaktiver Transport (2)
- renewable energy (2)
- savanna (2)
- sensitivity (2)
- stable isotopes (2)
- subduction (2)
- surface processes (2)
- suspended sediment (2)
- wind energy production (2)
- %Ro (1)
- 16S rRNA genes (1)
- 2D Numerical Modelling (1)
- ASPECT (1)
- Active tectonics (1)
- Africa (1)
- Air pollution (1)
- Alexander von Humboldt (1)
- Amazon region (1)
- Analog historical seismograms (1)
- Andean back-arc; (1)
- Anden (1)
- Antarctica (1)
- Arctic (1)
- Arctic Ocean (1)
- Arctic lakes (1)
- Arctic nearhore zone (1)
- Argentinien (1)
- Assapaat landslide (1)
- B-isotopes (1)
- Baryt (1)
- Bayesian inference (1)
- Bayesian model (1)
- Beaufort Sea (1)
- Beni Suef Basin (1)
- Best management practice (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Blattverschiebung (1)
- Bocono (1)
- Body waves (1)
- Brazil (1)
- Bruchausbreitung (1)
- Building exposure modelling (1)
- CMIP6 (1)
- CO2 emissions (1)
- COH-fluid (1)
- CRNS (1)
- Carbonation (1)
- Causality (1)
- Cenozoic flat-slab (1)
- Chain structure (1)
- Change-point regression model (1)
- Chilean Coastal Cordillera (1)
- Chilean subduction zone (1)
- Climate (1)
- Climate governance (1)
- Cluster analysis moment (1)
- Cologne (1)
- Colorado mineral belt (1)
- Comparative hydrology (1)
- Complex terrain (1)
- Composition and structure of the continental crust (1)
- Conductive channel (1)
- Continental Rifts (1)
- Coordination number (1)
- Cost-benefit (1)
- DEM analysis (1)
- DOC (1)
- Data collection (1)
- Data-Mining (1)
- Deep carbon cycle (1)
- Deformation (1)
- Deformationsmechanismen (1)
- Densification (1)
- Diamond anvil cell (1)
- Dissolved organic matter (DOM) (1)
- Distributed acoustic sensing (1)
- EMIC (1)
- EMIC waves (1)
- Early pleistocene; (1)
- Earthquake loss modelling (1)
- Earthquake scenario (1)
- Earthquake source observations (1)
- Earthquake swarm (1)
- East Asian summer monsoon (1)
- East Siberia (1)
- Eastern Alps (1)
- Eastern Dharwar craton (1)
- Egypt (1)
- El Nino Southern Oscillation (1)
- Electrical resistivity tomography (1)
- Embedding (1)
- Endlagerung nuklearer Abfälle (1)
- Engineering (1)
- Ensemble (1)
- Epistemic uncertainty (1)
- Erdbeben (1)
- Erosion (1)
- Ethiopia rift (1)
- Etna (1)
- European Alps (1)
- Evolutionary ecology (1)
- Extreme (1)
- Extremereignisse (1)
- Faceted taxonomy (1)
- Fagradalsfjall (1)
- FastScape (1)
- Field measurements (1)
- Fluid inclusion geochemistry (1)
- Fluid mixing (1)
- Fluid/magma reservoir (1)
- Focused ion beam (1)
- Forearc (1)
- Formationsschaden (1)
- Fourier analysis (1)
- Functional connectivity (1)
- GNSS (1)
- Ganga River (1)
- Garnet-orthopyroxene-cordierite gneiss (1)
- Gashydrate (1)
- Generalized Extreme Value distribution (1)
- Genetic algorithm (1)
- Geochronology (1)
- Geodynamic Modelling (1)
- Geodynamics (1)
- Geodynamik (1)
- Geodynamische Modellierung (1)
- Geomorphic systems (1)
- Geophysics (1)
- Geothermie (1)
- Germany (1)
- Gewässerfernerkundung (1)
- Global inversion (1)
- Global warming (1)
- Global warming potential (1)
- Gorkha earthquake (1)
- Grabenbrüche (1)
- Granulite enclaves (1)
- Graph theory (1)
- Greek Islands (1)
- Greenhouse gas emissions (1)
- Ground-based estimates (1)
- Ground-motion model (1)
- Groundwater recharge (1)
- Grundgestein (1)
- Guaymas Basin (1)
- HBV-light model (1)
- HP-experiments (1)
- Hadley-Walker Circulation (1)
- Heteroscedastic (1)
- High pressure and high temperature; (1)
- Himalaya (1)
- Hochwasserrisiko (1)
- Homo sapiens (1)
- Horizontal (1)
- Horizontal flux (1)
- Hydrology (1)
- Hydrothermal veins (1)
- Iceland (1)
- Image processing (1)
- InSAR (1)
- India (1)
- Indian monsoon (1)
- Indian summer monsoon (1)
- Induzierte Seismizität (1)
- Injektion (1)
- Injektionsschema (1)
- Intermediate-deep earthquakes (1)
- International policy (1)
- Inverse methods (1)
- Ischigualasto-Villa Union Basin (1)
- Isotopenfraktionierung (1)
- James Ross archipelago (1)
- Joint Inversion (1)
- Kenya Rift (1)
- Kerogen petrography (1)
- L-moments estimation (1)
- LP (1)
- Lacustrine sediment (1)
- Landscapes (1)
- Landslide chronosequences (1)
- Landslides (1)
- Las Chacras-Potrerillos (1)
- Limnology (1)
- Lithosphäre (1)
- Lokalisierung von Deformation (1)
- Low impact development (1)
- Lu-Hf (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Magma-Entgasung (1)
- Magnitude scalin (1)
- Mallik (1)
- Mediterranean (1)
- Merida Andes (1)
- Methane (1)
- Microbial processes (1)
- Micropollutants (1)
- Mikroplatte (1)
- Mikrostrukturelle (1)
- Modellierung (1)
- Modellierung der Wassertrübung (1)
- Molybdenum mineralization (1)
- Mountain meteorology (1)
- Multivariate (1)
- N-butylpyridinium bromide (1)
- NSGA-II (1)
- Nano-XRF (1)
- NanoSIMS (1)
- Nd isotopic composition (1)
- Near-source saturation (1)
- Near-surface geophysics (1)
- Neotektonik (1)
- Nepal (1)
- Nocardioides alcanivorans (1)
- Non-uniqueness (1)
- Northeast China (1)
- Northern Alpine Foreland Basin (1)
- Numerische 2D Modellierung (1)
- Nutrients (1)
- ODP 659 (1)
- ODP 721/722 (1)
- ODP 967 (1)
- Oberflächenprozesse (1)
- Ohre Rift (1)
- OpenStreetMap (1)
- Optimization (1)
- Ore (1)
- Orinoco River system (1)
- PM balances (1)
- PM10, PM2, PM1 (1)
- PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 concentrations (1)
- PSD (1)
- Palaeoclimate (1)
- Paleoseismologie (1)
- Paläoklimatologie (1)
- Particle swarm optimization (1)
- Permafrostsedimente (1)
- Phytoliths (1)
- Phytoplankton (1)
- Plio-Pleistocene (1)
- Plio-pleistocene transition (1)
- Policy (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Probabilistic exposure modelling (1)
- RCP4,5 and 8,5 (1)
- Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Raman-Spektroskopie (1)
- Random Forest (1)
- Reaktivierung von Störungszonen (1)
- Recharge controls (1)
- Recurrence analysis (1)
- Respiration (1)
- Reykjanes (1)
- Rhine basin (1)
- Rift (1)
- Risstransmissivität (1)
- Russia (1)
- Russian Arctic (1)
- SIMS (1)
- Salzgestein (1)
- Sava River (1)
- Scenario (1)
- Schadensmodellierung (1)
- Schallemissionen (1)
- Scheme (1)
- Sediment characterization (1)
- Sediment reuse (1)
- Seesystemreaktionen (1)
- Seismic anisotropy (1)
- Seismic damage assessment (1)
- Seismic nest (1)
- Seismic noise (1)
- Seismic risk (1)
- Seismic tomography (1)
- Seismicity and tectonics (1)
- Semiarid (1)
- Sensitivity analysis (1)
- Sentinel-1 InSAR (1)
- Short-lived climate pollutants (1)
- Sierra de San Luis (1)
- Silicate melts (1)
- Slope temperature (1)
- Sm-Nd (1)
- Soil (1)
- Sorption (1)
- South America (1)
- South China Sea (1)
- Spannungsmessung (1)
- Spatially cross-correlated ground motion (1)
- Spectral accelerations (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- State space reconstruction (1)
- Statistical analysis (1)
- StorAge Selection function (1)
- Storm water management model (1)
- Strain Localisation (1)
- Streamflow (1)
- Strike-slip faults (1)
- Strukturgeologie (1)
- Subduktion (1)
- Surface (1)
- Surface waves and free oscillations (1)
- TanDEM-X DEM (1)
- Tauern Window; (1)
- Thick-skinned tectonics (1)
- Time series analysis (1)
- Time-series analysis (1)
- Torsion Experiments (1)
- Torsionsexperimente (1)
- Transfer function (1)
- Triassic rifting (1)
- Tropical lake (1)
- Trujillo Block (1)
- Ultra-low velocity zones (1)
- Uran (1)
- VERB (1)
- VLP (1)
- VT events and tremor (1)
- Walker circulation (1)
- Wasser-Gesteins-Wechselwirkungen (1)
- Water budget / balance (1)
- Waveform inversion (1)
- Windböen (1)
- Winderosion (1)
- Wirtsgesteinsskala (1)
- Within-model uncertainty (1)
- XANES (1)
- XRD in the clay fraction (1)
- XRF analysis (1)
- Yangtze River (1)
- Yedoma (1)
- Zentral Asien (1)
- acoustic emissions (1)
- aegean (1)
- afterslip inversion (1)
- age-heterogeneity (1)
- agemodeling (1)
- air pollution (1)
- ambient noise (1)
- anaerobe Inkubationensexperimente (1)
- anaerobic incubation experiments (1)
- ancient DNA (1)
- andean geology (1)
- apatite geochemistry and U-Pb dating (1)
- aquatic carbon cycle (1)
- arctic (1)
- arktischer Nahküstenbereich (1)
- bacterial diversity (1)
- bacterial-community structure (1)
- barite (1)
- basement rock (1)
- basin modeling (1)
- biogeography (1)
- bioturbation (1)
- black carbon (1)
- body waves (1)
- bond strength (1)
- boreal (1)
- boreal forest (1)
- buildings (1)
- burial (1)
- carbon cycle (1)
- catchment (1)
- catchment nitrate export (1)
- catchment response (1)
- change (1)
- characteristics (1)
- charcoal (1)
- chemistry (1)
- chorus waves (1)
- city district (1)
- clay (1)
- cleaner energy transitions (1)
- climat change (1)
- climate adaptation (1)
- climate benefits (1)
- climate change adaptation (1)
- climate gradient (1)
- climate modeling (1)
- climate time series analysis (1)
- climate transition (1)
- computational geosciences (1)
- conflict (1)
- cosmic-rays (1)
- cosmogenic nuclides (1)
- covalency (1)
- creep and unmapped faults; (1)
- crustal structure (1)
- cryosphere (1)
- damage modelling (1)
- data-mining (1)
- deep biosphere (1)
- deep long-period earthquakes (1)
- deformation (1)
- degradation (1)
- density-driven flow (1)
- deposition (1)
- derived flood risk analysis (1)
- deterministic (1)
- diamond anvil cell (1)
- dichtegetriebene Strömung (1)
- digital elevation models (1)
- directivity analysis (1)
- disaster risk (1)
- discharge (1)
- discharge time series (1)
- disturbance (1)
- downscaling (1)
- drainage-divide migration (1)
- earth system sciences (1)
- earthquake damage (1)
- earthquake hydrology (1)
- earthquake swarms (1)
- earthquakes (1)
- ecosystem service cascade (1)
- electrical resistivity tomography (1)
- electrochemistry (1)
- emergency management (1)
- empirical (1)
- enhanced geothermal system (1)
- enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) (1)
- environmental (1)
- environmentalism (1)
- equifinality (1)
- erosion (1)
- eruption (1)
- estimation (1)
- event characteristics (1)
- expedition (1)
- exposure (1)
- extensional tectonics (1)
- extreme seasons (1)
- fault network (1)
- fault reactivation (1)
- faults (1)
- fields (1)
- fire (1)
- flat-slab (1)
- flood frequency (1)
- flood modelling; (1)
- flood risk analysis (1)
- floodplain wetlands (1)
- fluctuation (1)
- fluvial erosion (1)
- flux (1)
- forecasting (1)
- forecasting (1922, 4315, 7924, 7964) (1)
- forest (1)
- formation damage (1)
- fracture growth (1)
- fracture transmissivity (1)
- frequency (1)
- frequency-domain electromagnetics (1)
- gas flux (1)
- gas hydrate (1)
- gas hydrates (1)
- generative model (1)
- geochronology (1)
- geogenic degassing (1)
- geoinformatics (1)
- geomodeling (1)
- geomorphic connectivity (1)
- geostatistics (1)
- geothermal energy (1)
- geyser (1)
- glaciers (1)
- grain size (1)
- greenhouse gas (1)
- ground motion fields (1)
- ground motion modeling (1)
- groundwater recharge (1)
- habitat (1)
- hazard (1)
- heat flow (1)
- heavy tail behavior (1)
- hellenic volcanic arc (1)
- hexadecane (1)
- high spatial resolution (1)
- high-pressure (1)
- historical geography (1)
- hominid (1)
- horizontaler Fluss (1)
- host rock scale (1)
- human evolution (1)
- hybrid (1)
- hydrate formation (1)
- hydrated silicate (1)
- hydraulische Risserzeugung (1)
- hydraulisches Aufbrechen (1)
- hydrodynamic interactions (1)
- hydrogen bond (1)
- hydrological modeling (1)
- hydrological uplift and subsidence (1)
- hydrothermal system; (1)
- ice complex (1)
- imaging (1)
- impact (1)
- incommensurate modulation (1)
- induced seismicity (1)
- injection (1)
- injection scheme (1)
- intercultural understanding (1)
- interdisciplinarity (1)
- interseismic strain rate (1)
- inverse analysis (1)
- inverse modeling (1)
- ionic liquids (1)
- iron (1)
- knickpoints (1)
- lake system responses (1)
- larch (1)
- larch forest (1)
- laterally constrained inversion (1)
- lethal violence (1)
- level (1)
- lithosphere (1)
- low-frequency (1)
- machine learning (0555) (1)
- magma degassing (1)
- magma plumbing system (1)
- marine sediments (1)
- maschinelles Lernen (1)
- mathematical geology (1)
- melts (1)
- mesoscale heterogeneous catchment (1)
- metal-containing ionic liquids; (1)
- methane (1)
- methane hydrate (1)
- microbial community (1)
- microbial diversity (1)
- microbial mats (1)
- microplate (1)
- microstructural deformation mechanisms (1)
- minimum gradient support regularization (1)
- mining sciences (1)
- model (1)
- modeling; (1)
- modern pollen assemblages (1)
- molecular biomarkers (1)
- molekulare Biomarker (1)
- morphometric indices (1)
- mountain growth (1)
- mountains (1)
- multiperspective reception of AvH (1)
- multisensor system (1)
- multivariate statistics (1)
- muons (1)
- near-surface monitoring (1)
- neutrons (1)
- nitrogen (1)
- nitrogen legacies (1)
- normal faults (1)
- nuclear waste disposal (1)
- numerical simulation (1)
- numerical simulations (1)
- offene Daten (1)
- online (1)
- open data (1)
- organic carbon stabilization (1)
- organic matter (1)
- organisches Material (1)
- orographic rainfall (1)
- paleoceanography (1)
- paleoclimate (1)
- paleoclimatology (1)
- paleoseismology (1)
- parameter (1)
- peat characterization (1)
- pegmatite (1)
- periglacial process (1)
- permafost (1)
- permafrost sediments (1)
- permutation entropy (1)
- petrothermales System (EGS) (1)
- phase transition (1)
- phytoplankton (1)
- planktonic foraminifera (1)
- planning indicators (1)
- plasma density (1)
- plastic degradation (1)
- plastisphere (1)
- pollen-vegetation-climate relationships (1)
- population pressure (1)
- poroelasticity (1)
- power-law rheology (1)
- precaution (1)
- precipitation (1)
- propagating uplift (1)
- provenance (1)
- quantitative vegetation reconstruction (1)
- quartäre Geochronologie (1)
- radial flow (1)
- radiale Strömung (1)
- radiocarbon dating (1)
- reactive transport simulation (1)
- reaktive Transportsimulation (1)
- reconstruction (1)
- redox processes (1)
- reduction (1)
- regional flood frequency analysis (1)
- relative pollen productivity (1)
- relaxation (1)
- remote sensing (1)
- renya Rift (1)
- reservoirs (1)
- rheology (1)
- rift (1)
- rift transfer zone (1)
- rifts (1)
- risk (1)
- risk management (1)
- river dynamics (1)
- river incision (1)
- rotational sensor (1)
- russische Arktis (1)
- salt rock (1)
- santorini (1)
- sediment (1)
- sediment dynamics (1)
- sediment routing system (1)
- sedimentary aquifer (1)
- seismic monitoring (1)
- seismic tomography (1)
- seismicity (1)
- seismicity model (1)
- sensitivity analysis (1)
- slope aspect (1)
- soil formation (1)
- soil-moisture (1)
- sorption (1)
- source rock evaluation (1)
- spin (1)
- stabile Isotope (1)
- stable carbon isotopes (1)
- statistics (1)
- steric factors (1)
- stress measurement (1)
- strike-slip (1)
- subcatchment response (1)
- subduction zone (1)
- submarine gas vents (1)
- submarine volcanism (1)
- subsurface life (1)
- sulfate reduction (1)
- surface type-function-concept (1)
- surface velocity (1)
- surface wave (1)
- surface wave, inversion, near surface (1)
- taiga (1)
- tectonic geodesy (1)
- temperature sensor (1)
- tensor inversion (1)
- terrestrial (1)
- tetrahalidometallates (1)
- thaw (1)
- thermochronological modelling (AFT, AHe and ZHe) (1)
- thermochronology (1)
- thermodynamic and kinetic properties (1)
- thermodynamische und kinetische Eigenschaften (1)
- thermokarst (1)
- thermokarst lakes (1)
- thermophiles; (1)
- time series analysis (1)
- tourmaline (1)
- transition (1)
- travel time distribution (1)
- triaxial deformation experiments (1)
- triaxiale Deformationsexperimente (1)
- tropical climate (1)
- tundra (1)
- turbidity modelling (1)
- twin domains (1)
- ultra-relativistic electrons (1)
- upper tail (1)
- uranium (1)
- urban green (1)
- urban planning practice (1)
- variability (1)
- varved lake sediments (1)
- verbesserte geothermische Systeme (1)
- vertikaler Fluss (1)
- volcano-seismology (1)
- volcanoseismology (1)
- vulnerability (1)
- warfare (1)
- warvierte Seesedimente (1)
- water balance (1)
- water quality (1)
- water quality modeling (1)
- water rock interactions (1)
- water table (1)
- wetland (1)
- wetland hydrology (1)
- wind energy-biodiversity (1)
- wind energy-biodiversity conflict (1)
- wind gusts (1)
- winderosion (1)
- yedoma (1)
- yedoma ice complex (1)
Institute
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (177) (remove)
Arctic river deltas and deltaic near-shore zones represent important land-ocean transition zones influencing sediment dynamics and nutrient fluxes from permafrost-affected terrestrial ecosystems into the coastal Arctic Ocean. To accurately model fluvial carbon and freshwater export from rapidly changing river catchments as well as assess impacts of future change on the Arctic shelf and coastal ecosystems, we need to understand the sea floor characteristics and topographic variety of the coastal zones. To date, digital bathymetrical data from the poorly accessible, shallow, and large areas of the eastern Siberian Arctic shelves are sparse. We have digitized bathymetrical information for nearly 75 000 locations from large-scale (1 V 25000-1 V 500000) current and historical nautical maps of the Lena Delta and the Kolyma Gulf region in northeastern Siberia. We present the first detailed and seamless digital models of coastal zone bathymetry for both delta and gulf regions in 50 and 200m spatial resolution. We validated the resulting bathymetry layers using a combination of our own water depth measurements and a collection of available depth measurements, which showed a strong correlation (r>0.9). Our bathymetrical models will serve as an input for a high-resolution coupled hydrodynamic-ecosystem model to better quantify fluvial and coastal carbon fluxes to the Arctic Ocean, but they may be useful for a range of other studies related to Arctic delta and near-shore dynamics such as modeling of submarine permafrost, near-shore sea ice, or shelf sediment transport. The new digital high-resolution bathymetry products are available on the PANGAEA data set repository for the Lena Delta (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934045; Fuchs et al., 2021a) and Kolyma Gulf region (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934049; Fuchs et al., 2021b), respectively. Likewise, the depth validation data are available on PANGAEA as well (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933187; Fuchs et al., 2021c).
The formation, growth and drainage of lakes in Arctic and boreal lowland permafrost regions influence landscape and ecosystem processes. These lake and drained lake basin (L-DLB) systems occupy >20% of the circumpolar Northern Hemisphere permafrost region and similar to 50% of the area below 300 m above sea level. Climate change is causing drastic impacts to L-DLB systems, with implications for permafrost dynamics, ecosystem functioning, biogeochemical processes and human livelihoods in lowland permafrost regions. In this Review, we discuss how an increase in the number of lakes as a result of permafrost thaw and an intensifying hydrologic regime are not currently offsetting the land area gained through lake drainage, enhancing the dominance of drained lake basins (DLBs).The contemporary transition from lakes to DLBs decreases hydrologic storage, leads to permafrost aggradation, increases carbon sequestration and diversifies the shifting habitat mosaic in Arctic and boreal regions. However, further warming could inhibit permafrost aggradation in DLBs, disrupting the trajectory of important microtopographic controls on carbon fluxes and ecosystem processes in permafrost-region L-DLB systems. Further research is needed to understand the future dynamics of L-DLB systems to improve Earth system models, permafrost carbon feedback assessments, permafrost hydrology linkages, infrastructure development in permafrost regions and the well-being of northern socio-ecological systems.
The drivers of the evolution of the South Asian Monsoon remain widely debated. An intensification of monsoonal rainfall recorded in terrestrial and marine sediment archives from the earliest Miocene (23-20 million years ago (Ma)) is generally attributed to Himalayan uplift. However, Indian Ocean palaeorecords place the onset of a strong monsoon around 13 Ma, linked to strengthening of the southwesterly winds of the Somali Jet that also force Arabian Sea upwelling. Here we reconcile these divergent records using Earth system model simulations to evaluate the interactions between palaeogeography and ocean-atmosphere dynamics. We show that factors forcing the South Asian Monsoon circulation versus rainfall are decoupled and diachronous. Himalayan and Tibetan Plateau topography predominantly controlled early Miocene rainfall patterns, with limited impact on ocean-atmosphere circulation. The uplift of the East African and Middle Eastern topography played a pivotal role in the establishment of the modern Somali Jet structure above the western Indian Ocean, while strong upwelling initiated as a direct consequence of the emergence of the Arabian Peninsula and the onset of modern-like atmospheric circulation. Our results emphasize that although elevated rainfall seasonality was probably a persistent feature since the India-Asia collision in the Paleogene, modern-like monsoonal atmospheric circulation only emerged in the late Neogene.
Understanding and constraining the source of geodetic deformation in volcanic areas is an important component of hazard assessment. Here, we analyse deformation and seismicity for one year before the March 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption in Iceland. We generate a high-resolution catalogue of 39,500 earthquakes using optical cable recordings and develop a poroelastic model to describe three pre-eruptional uplift and subsidence cycles at the Svartsengi geothermal field, 8 km west of the eruption site. We find the observed deformation is best explained by cyclic intrusions into a permeable aquifer by a fluid injected at 4 km depth below the geothermal field, with a total volume of 0.11 ± 0.05 km3 and a density of 850 ± 350 kg m–3. We therefore suggest that ingression of magmatic CO2 can explain the geodetic, gravity and seismic data, although some contribution of magma cannot be excluded.
The Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (ca. 56 million years ago) offers a primary analogue for future global warming and carbon cycle recovery. Yet, where and how massive carbon emissions were mitigated during this climate warming event remains largely unknown. Here we show that organic carbon burial in the vast epicontinental seaways that extended over Eurasia provided a major carbon sink during the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. We coupled new and existing stratigraphic analyses to a detailed paleogeographic framework and using spatiotemporal interpolation calculated ca. 720–1300 Gt organic carbon excess burial, focused in the eastern parts of the Eurasian epicontinental seaways. A much larger amount (2160–3900 Gt C, and when accounting for the increase in inundated shelf area 7400–10300 Gt C) could have been sequestered in similar environments globally. With the disappearance of most epicontinental seas since the Oligocene-Miocene, an effective negative carbon cycle feedback also disappeared making the modern carbon cycle critically dependent on the slower silicate weathering feedback.
An earthquake swarm affected the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica, a unique rift basin in transition from intra-arc rifting to ocean spreading. The swarm, counting similar to 85,000 volcano-tectonic earthquakes since August 2020, is located close to the Orca submarine volcano, previously considered inactive. Simultaneously, geodetic data reported up to similar to 11 cm north-westward displacement over King George Island. We use a broad variety of geophysical data and methods to reveal the complex migration of seismicity, accompanying the intrusion of 0.26-0.56 km(3) of magma. Strike-slip earthquakes mark the intrusion at depth, while shallower normal faulting the similar to 20 km long lateral growth of a dike. Seismicity abruptly decreased after a Mw 6.0 earthquake, suggesting the magmatic dike lost pressure with the slipping of a large fault. A seafloor eruption is likely, but not confirmed by sea surface temperature anomalies. The unrest documents episodic magmatic intrusion in the Bransfield Strait, providing unique insights into active continental rifting.
Arctic coasts are vulnerable to the effects of climate change, including rising sea levels and the loss of permafrost, sea ice and glaciers. Assessing the influence of anthropogenic warming on Arctic coastal dynamics, however, is challenged by the limited availability of observational, oceanographic and environmental data. Yet, with the majority of permafrost coasts being erosive, coupled with projected intensification of erosion and flooding, understanding these changes is critical. In this Review, we describe the morphological diversity of Arctic coasts, discuss important drivers of coastal change, explain the specific sensitivity of Arctic coasts to climate change and provide an overview of pan-Arctic shoreline change and its multifaceted impacts. Arctic coastal changes impact the human environment by threatening coastal settlements, infrastructure, cultural sites and archaeological remains. Changing sediment fluxes also impact the natural environment through carbon, nutrient and pollutant release on a magnitude that remains difficult to predict. Increasing transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary collaboration efforts will build the foundation for identifying sustainable solutions and adaptation strategies to reduce future risks for those living on, working at and visiting the rapidly changing Arctic coast.
Integrated Seismic Program (ISP) is a graphical user interface designed to facilitate and provide a user-friendly framework for performing diverse common and advanced tasks in seismological research. ISP is composed of five main modules for earthquake location, time-frequency analysis and advanced signal processing, implementation of array techniques to estimate the slowness vector, seismic moment tensor inversion, and receiver function computation and analysis. In addition, several support tools are available, allowing the user to create an event database, download data from International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks services, inspect the background noise, and compute synthetic seismograms. ISP is written in Python3, supported by several open-source and/or publicly available tools. Its modular design allows for new features to be added in a collaborative development environment.
High pressure and high temperature experiments performed with laser-heated diamond anvil cells (LH-DAC) are being extensively used in geosciences to study matter at conditions prevailing in planetary interiors. Due to the size of the apparatus itself, the samples that are produced are extremely small, on the order of few tens of micrometers. There are several ways to analyze the samples and extract physical, chemical or structural information, using either in situ or ex situ methods. In this paper, we compare two nanoprobe techniques, namely nano-XRF and NanoSIMS, that can be used to analyze recovered samples synthetized in a LH-DAC. With these techniques, it is possible to extract the spatial distribution of chemical elements in the samples. We show the results for several standards and discuss the importance of proper calibration for the acquisition of quantifiable results. We used these two nanoprobe techniques to retrieve elemental ratios of dilute species (few tens of ppm) in quenched experimental molten samples relevant for the formation of the iron-rich core of the Earth. We finally discuss the applications of such probes to constrain the partitioning of trace elements between metal and silicate phases, with a focus on moderately siderophile elements, tungsten and molybdenum.