Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (3)
Year of publication
- 2018 (3) (remove)
Document Type
- Postprint (3) (remove)
Language
- English (3) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (3)
Keywords
- adolescent (1)
- aerobic metabolism (1)
- cardiorespiratory fitness (1)
- child (1)
- elite athletes (1)
- muscle strength (1)
- performance gains (1)
- physical conditioning human (1)
- physiological strain (1)
- plyometric exercise (1)
Institute
- Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften (3) (remove)
This study aimed at examining physiological responses (i.e., oxygen uptake [VO2] and heart rate [HR]) to a semi-contact 3 x 3-min format, amateur boxing combat simulation in elite level male boxers. Eleven boxers aged 21.4 +/- 2.1 years (body height 173.4 +/- 3.7, body mass 74.9 +/- 8.6 kg, body fat 12.1 +/- 1.9, training experience 5.7 +/- 1.3 years) volunteered to participate in this study. They performed a maximal graded aerobic test on a motor-driven treadmill to determine maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), oxygen uptake (VO2AT) and heart rate (HRAT) at the anaerobic threshold, and maximal heart rate (HRmax). Additionally, VO2 and peak HR (HRpeak) were recorded following each boxing round. Results showed no significant differences between VO2max values derived from the treadmill running test and VO2 outcomes of the simulated boxing contest (p > 0.05, d = 0.02 to 0.39). However, HRmax and HRpeak recorded from the treadmill running test and the simulated amateur boxing contest, respectively, displayed significant differences regardless of the boxing round (p < 0.01, d = 1.60 to 3.00). In terms of VO2 outcomes during the simulated contest, no significant between-round differences were observed (p = 0.19, d = 0.17 to 0.73). Irrespective of the boxing round, the recorded VO2 was >90% of the VO2max. Likewise, HRpeak observed across the three boxing rounds were >= 90% of the HRmax. In summary, the simulated 3 x 3-min amateur boxing contest is highly demanding from a physiological standpoint. Thus, coaches are advised to systematically monitor internal training load for instance through rating of perceived exertion to optimize training-related adaptations and to prevent boxers from overreaching and/or overtraining.
Combining training of muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness within a training cycle could increase athletic performance more than single-mode training. However, the physiological effects produced by each training modality could also interfere with each other, improving athletic performance less than single-mode training. Because anthropometric, physiological, and biomechanical differences between young and adult athletes can affect the responses to exercise training, young athletes might respond differently to concurrent training (CT) compared with adults. Thus, the aim of the present systematic review with meta-analysis was to determine the effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on selected physical fitness components and athletic performance in youth. A systematic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science identified 886 records. The studies included in the analyses examined children (girls age 6–11 years, boys age 6–13 years) or adolescents (girls age 12–18 years, boys age 14–18 years), compared CT with single-mode endurance (ET) or strength training (ST), and reported at least one strength/power—(e.g., jump height), endurance—(e.g., peak V°O2, exercise economy), or performance-related (e.g., time trial) outcome. We calculated weighted standardized mean differences (SMDs). CT compared to ET produced small effects in favor of CT on athletic performance (n = 11 studies, SMD = 0.41, p = 0.04) and trivial effects on cardiorespiratory endurance (n = 4 studies, SMD = 0.04, p = 0.86) and exercise economy (n = 5 studies, SMD = 0.16, p = 0.49) in young athletes. A sub-analysis of chronological age revealed a trend toward larger effects of CT vs. ET on athletic performance in adolescents (SMD = 0.52) compared with children (SMD = 0.17). CT compared with ST had small effects in favor of CT on muscle power (n = 4 studies, SMD = 0.23, p = 0.04). In conclusion, CT is more effective than single-mode ET or ST in improving selected measures of physical fitness and athletic performance in youth. Specifically, CT compared with ET improved athletic performance in children and particularly adolescents. Finally, CT was more effective than ST in improving muscle power in youth.
Background:
It has previously been shown that conditioning activities consisting of repetitive hops have the
potential to induce better drop jump (DJ) performance in recreationally active individuals. In the present pilot study,
we investigated whether repetitive conditioning hops can also increase reactive jump and sprint performance in
sprint-trained elite athletes competing at an international level.
Methods:
Jump and sprint performances of 5 athletes were randomly assessed under 2 conditions. The control
condition (CON) comprised 8 DJs and 4 trials of 30-m sprints. The intervention condition (HOP) consisted of 10
maximal repetitive two-legged hops that were conducted 10 s prior to each single DJ and sprint trial. DJ
performance was analyzed using a one-dimensional ground reaction force plate. Step length (SL), contact time (CT),
and sprint time (ST) during the 30-m sprints were recorded using an opto-electronic measurement system.
Results:
Following the conditioning activity, DJ height and external DJ peak power were both significantly
increased by 11 % compared to the control condition. All other variables did not show any significant differences
between HOP and CON.
Conclusions:
In the present pilot study, we were able to demonstrate large improvements in DJ performance even
in sprint-trained elite athletes following a conditioning activity consisting of maximal two-legged repetitive hops.
This strengthens the hypothesis that plyometric conditioning exercises can induce performance enhancements in
elite athletes that are even greater than those observed in recreationally active athletes.. In addition, it appears that
the transfer of these effects to other stretch-shortening cycle activities is limited, as we did not observe any
changes in sprint performance following the plyometric conditioning activity.