Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (175) (remove)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Postprint (159)
- Doctoral Thesis (11)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (2)
- Master's Thesis (2)
- Part of Periodical (1)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (175) (remove)
Keywords
- exercise (7)
- football (7)
- working memory (7)
- embodied cognition (6)
- eye movements (5)
- fMRI (5)
- performance (5)
- sentence processing (5)
- German (4)
- adolescents (4)
- language acquisition (4)
- neuroimaging (4)
- Blickbewegungen (3)
- Psycholinguistik (3)
- SNARC (3)
- Satzverarbeitung (3)
- aging (3)
- balance (3)
- emotion (3)
- individual differences (3)
- injury risk (3)
- interoception (3)
- language (3)
- locality (3)
- major depressive disorder (3)
- physical fitness (3)
- physiology (3)
- psycholinguistics (3)
- resistance training (3)
- training load (3)
- young athletes (3)
- ACT-R (2)
- Adaptive Force (2)
- Aftercare (2)
- Arbeitsgedächtnis (2)
- Children (2)
- Chronic conditions (2)
- Exercise (2)
- Holding isometric muscle action (2)
- Lesen (2)
- Mechanotendography (2)
- NutriAct Family Study (2)
- Performance (2)
- Predictors (2)
- Pushing isometric muscle action (2)
- Quality of life (2)
- Randomized controlled trial (2)
- Spanish (2)
- TMS (2)
- activation (2)
- biomechanics (2)
- childhood (2)
- cognition (2)
- cognitive psychology (2)
- diabetes (2)
- doping (2)
- elite athletes (2)
- emotion recognition (2)
- exercise therapy (2)
- expectation (2)
- eye tracking (2)
- eye-tracking (2)
- fatigue (2)
- injury (2)
- insula (2)
- interoceptive awareness (2)
- mental arithmetic (2)
- mental simulation (2)
- mind wandering (2)
- monitoring (2)
- negation (2)
- neuromuscular (2)
- numerical cognition (2)
- obesity (2)
- oncology (2)
- operational momentum (2)
- osteoporosis (2)
- postural stability (2)
- prediction (2)
- rate of perceived exertion (2)
- reading (2)
- recovery (2)
- relative clauses (2)
- reliability (2)
- rolling averages (2)
- self-paced reading (2)
- sensorimotor control (2)
- sentence comprehension (2)
- sport-specific performance (2)
- sports (2)
- training (2)
- validity (2)
- weighted moving averages (2)
- working memory capacity (2)
- youth (2)
- ACWR (1)
- AUD (1)
- Achilles and patellar tendon (1)
- Acoustic Analysis (1)
- Adolescents (1)
- Adult-child interaction (1)
- Agrammatismus (1)
- Amygdala (1)
- Anti-doping guideline (1)
- Anti-doping program (1)
- Appearance (1)
- Aspekt (1)
- Attrition (1)
- Autismus (1)
- Back pain diagnosis (1)
- Back pain prognosis (1)
- Balance (1)
- Bayesian decision theory (1)
- Bayesianische Entscheidungstheorie (1)
- Belohnungserwartungsfehler (1)
- Belohnungsgrößen (1)
- Bildgebung (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Blickbewegungsmessung (1)
- Broca’s aphasia (1)
- Bulgarian (1)
- Bulgarisch (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- COVID-19 pandemic (1)
- Cardiac rehabilitation (1)
- Cardiovascular diseases (1)
- Catalan VCV Sequences (1)
- Child (1)
- Chinese (1)
- Chinesisch (1)
- Chronic low back pain (1)
- Clinical psychology (1)
- Clinical supervision (1)
- Closure Positive Shift (CPS) (1)
- Cognition (1)
- Cognitive impairment (1)
- Coping (1)
- Coping skills and adjustment (1)
- Cost-effectiveness (1)
- Cross-frequency PLV (1)
- Cross-sectoral care (1)
- Cystic fibrosis (1)
- DLT (1)
- DXA (1)
- Daily life (1)
- Data pooling (1)
- Decision making (1)
- Delirium prevention (1)
- Dementia (1)
- Deutsch (1)
- Developmental hyperscanning (1)
- Diary study (1)
- Digital intervention (1)
- Dopamin (1)
- Doping (1)
- Dual EEG analysis (1)
- Dynamische kognitive Modellierung (1)
- Dynamometry (1)
- EEG (1)
- EKP (1)
- ERP (1)
- ERPs (1)
- Eating behavior (1)
- Eccentric muscle action (1)
- Education (1)
- Elective surgery (1)
- Elite sports schools (1)
- Embodied cognition (1)
- Emotionserkennung (1)
- English (1)
- Entscheidungen (1)
- Event-related Potentials (ERP) (1)
- Evidence-based psychotherapy (1)
- Exercise therapy (1)
- Experience sampling method (1)
- Eyetracking (1)
- Facial Expressions (1)
- Fatigue (1)
- FieldTrip (1)
- Flat feet (1)
- Football (1)
- Footwear (1)
- Frailty (1)
- GNAT (1)
- Games (1)
- Gedächtnis (1)
- Geriatric rehabilitation (1)
- Grip force (1)
- Ground reaction force (1)
- Grundschüler/innen (1)
- HDL (1)
- Hamstring-quadriceps ratio (1)
- Healthy aging (1)
- Hirnstimulation (1)
- Home-based (1)
- Human physical conditioning (1)
- Iambic/Trochaic Law (1)
- Individualized therapy (1)
- Information (1)
- Injury (1)
- Injury risk (1)
- Interoception (1)
- Intuitive eating (1)
- Isometric contraction (1)
- Isometric muscle action (1)
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (1)
- Kindergarten (1)
- Kognition (1)
- Kognitionspsychologie (1)
- Kognitionswissenschaft (1)
- Kognitionswissenschaften (1)
- Komplementsatzverstehen (1)
- Konzept (1)
- LDL (1)
- Learning (1)
- Lesespanne (1)
- Lesestrategie (1)
- Lingual Coarticulation (1)
- Linguistik (1)
- Locus Equations (1)
- Mandarin-English bilinguals (1)
- Martial arts (1)
- Measure validation (1)
- Mechanomyography (1)
- Mental number line (1)
- Metaanalysis (1)
- Microvascular blood filling (1)
- Mindfulness (1)
- Mixed methods (1)
- Mobility (1)
- Motor system (1)
- Movement (1)
- Muscle strength (1)
- Muscle twitch (1)
- Musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena (1)
- Music cognition (1)
- Negation (1)
- Neurostimulation (1)
- Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (1)
- Noradrenaline (1)
- Number processing (1)
- Obesity (1)
- Older adults (1)
- Older patients (1)
- Outcome measures (1)
- Overhead athletes (1)
- Oxygen saturation (1)
- PLV (1)
- PROGRESS/TRIPOD (1)
- Pain screening (1)
- Partikelverben (1)
- Partnership (1)
- Patholinguistik (1)
- Perception (1)
- Persian (1)
- Phase Locking Value (1)
- Plyometric exercise (1)
- Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (1)
- Preaktivierung (1)
- Prediction of disability/intensity (1)
- Prinzipal-Agent (1)
- Prospective (1)
- Protective factors (1)
- Psychologie (1)
- Psychology (1)
- Psychotherapeutic competencies (1)
- Psychotherapy research (1)
- Pulling isometric muscle action (1)
- RPE (1)
- Randomized-controlled trial (1)
- Recognition Memory (1)
- Recollection (1)
- Recovery (1)
- Reflexivpronomen (1)
- Regulatory focus (1)
- Rehabilitation (1)
- Relativsätze (1)
- Repeated sprint (1)
- Resilience (1)
- Resiliency (1)
- Resistance (1)
- Resistance training (1)
- Role-playing (1)
- SEMG-pattern (1)
- SFON (1)
- SNARC effect (1)
- SRT (1)
- Satzlesen (1)
- Scale development (1)
- Schiedsrichter (1)
- Self-stigmatization (1)
- Semantik (1)
- Sequenzielle Likelihood (1)
- Shoulder (1)
- Simulated patients (1)
- Speech Motor Control (1)
- Speed (1)
- Sport-specific performance (1)
- Sportvereinsmitgliedschaft (1)
- Sprache (1)
- Spracherwerb (1)
- Sprachtherapie (1)
- Sprechapraxie (1)
- Standardized patients (1)
- State and trait measurement (1)
- Stress levels (1)
- Stretch-shortening cycle (1)
- Stroop effect (1)
- Supervision (1)
- Swimming performance (1)
- Systematic review (1)
- TAVI (1)
- Team sports (1)
- Telerehabilitation (1)
- Theory of Mind (1)
- Time to task failure (1)
- Total hip replacement (1)
- Total knee replacement (1)
- Trainer (1)
- Training Sozialer Kognition (1)
- Treatment pathways (1)
- Trust (1)
- Trustworthiness (1)
- Two forms of isometric muscle action (1)
- Type 1 diabetes (1)
- Ultrasound (1)
- Urteilsverzerrung (1)
- Video games (1)
- Vocal-Tract (1)
- Vorhersagen (1)
- Vorschulkinder (1)
- Weight (1)
- Weight bias internalization (1)
- Weight management trial (1)
- Wohngegend (1)
- Working memory (1)
- Worterkennung (1)
- Yellow flags (1)
- Young swimmers (1)
- Youth (1)
- abstract concepts (1)
- academy (1)
- accommodation (1)
- achilles tendinopathy (1)
- action language (1)
- action processing (1)
- action segmentation (1)
- action words (1)
- acute chronic workload ratio (1)
- adaptability (1)
- adaptation to external force impact (1)
- adaptive force (1)
- adaptive holding capacity (1)
- addition (1)
- additive particles (1)
- adjectives (1)
- adolescent sport (1)
- advanced disease (1)
- aftercare (1)
- aggression (1)
- agility (1)
- aging brain (1)
- agrammatism (1)
- alcohol consumption (1)
- alexithymia (1)
- allometry (1)
- alpha-2 (1)
- alternatives (1)
- amateur soccer players (1)
- ambiguities (1)
- anaphoricity (1)
- anger (1)
- animacy (1)
- ankles (1)
- anterior cruciate ligament (1)
- antidepressants (1)
- antilocality (1)
- antonymy (1)
- apoptosis (1)
- approach (1)
- apraxia of speech (1)
- arithmetic (1)
- aspect (1)
- athletes (1)
- attention (1)
- attitude (1)
- autism (1)
- automatic facial expression analysis (1)
- avoidance (1)
- back pain (1)
- behavior (1)
- behavioral and self-report measures (1)
- behavioral weight loss (1)
- bias (1)
- bilingualism (1)
- biological age (1)
- biological maturation (1)
- blood (1)
- body density (1)
- body limbs (1)
- body shape (1)
- body-specificity hypothesis (1)
- bone mineral density (1)
- bone pathologies (1)
- bone–brain–nervous system interactions (1)
- brain stimulation (1)
- break interventions (1)
- broadband and narrowband dimensions of behavior (1)
- bullying (1)
- calcaneal eversion (1)
- cancer (1)
- canoe racing (1)
- carcinoma (1)
- cardiac catheterization (CC) (1)
- cardiac rehabilitation (1)
- cardiomyopathy (1)
- carryover effects (1)
- central and peripheral vision (1)
- change (1)
- change of direction (1)
- change-of-direction speed (1)
- chemo-toxicity (1)
- child language (1)
- children and adolescents (1)
- cholesterol (1)
- chronic health condition (1)
- classroom climate (1)
- clauses (1)
- clinical pain research (1)
- coarticulation (1)
- cognitive bias (1)
- cognitive decline (1)
- cognitive enhancement (1)
- cognitive linguistics (1)
- cognitive modeling (1)
- cognitive module (1)
- cognitive resources (1)
- cognitive science (1)
- cognitive sciences (1)
- cognitive skills (1)
- cognitive training (1)
- cognitive-postural dual task (1)
- cognitive/muscular fatigue (1)
- color (1)
- common ground (1)
- complaints (1)
- complex predicates (1)
- comprehension of complement sentences (1)
- computer games (1)
- concepts (1)
- concurrent training (1)
- conditioning exercise (1)
- confidence (1)
- consultation (1)
- content-addressable memory (1)
- contractions (1)
- controlled trial (1)
- conversational implicature (1)
- core strength (1)
- corpus dataset (1)
- counting (1)
- creative problem solving (1)
- creativity (1)
- cross-domain priming (1)
- cross-lagged panel analysis (1)
- cruciate ligament injury (1)
- decision making (1)
- deep learning (1)
- depressive disorder (1)
- derivation (1)
- development (1)
- developmental dyslexia (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- dietary quality (1)
- discourse (1)
- distress (1)
- distributed processing (1)
- divergent thinking (1)
- dopamine (1)
- drop jump (1)
- dual task (1)
- dual-task (1)
- dynamical cognitive modeling (1)
- early sport specialization (1)
- eccentric muscle action (1)
- eccentric-plyometric (1)
- electromyography (1)
- elementare Bewegungsfertigkeiten (1)
- elf-determination theory (1)
- embodiment (1)
- emerging adults (1)
- emotional expression (1)
- emotional intensity (1)
- emotional regulation (1)
- endocrine pathways (1)
- entropy (1)
- epidemiology (1)
- episodic memory (1)
- ethnic stereotypes (1)
- executive function (1)
- executive functions (1)
- exercise program (1)
- exercise training (1)
- experimental data (1)
- external load (1)
- external training load (1)
- eyedness (1)
- eyes (1)
- fMRT (1)
- face morphing (1)
- facial feedback (1)
- feeling of presence (1)
- feet (1)
- fiction (1)
- figurative language (1)
- fitness tests (1)
- food neophilia (1)
- footedness (1)
- force (1)
- freedom restriction (1)
- frustration (1)
- functional performance (1)
- fundamental movement skills (1)
- funktionelle Magnetresonanztomografie (1)
- gastrointestinal cancer (1)
- gestural organization (1)
- global positioning system (1)
- goal frames (1)
- granularity (1)
- ground reaction force (1)
- ground reaction forces (1)
- hamstring injuries (1)
- hamstring muscles (1)
- hand (1)
- health care (1)
- healthy eating (1)
- heart rate variability (1)
- hebrew (1)
- hematocrit (1)
- hemispheric asymmetry (1)
- heuristics and biases (1)
- high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1)
- high-intensity interval training (1)
- high-intensity-interval training (1)
- hip (1)
- home-based (1)
- hopelessness (1)
- hormones (1)
- hospitalization (1)
- human language processing (1)
- human performance (1)
- human physical conditioning (1)
- human-robot interaction (1)
- humans (1)
- hypothesis (1)
- idiom (1)
- imaginary world (1)
- impact on pre-activated Achilles tendon (1)
- implicit (1)
- implicit associations (1)
- implicit learning (1)
- implizit (1)
- in-group stereotypes (1)
- inclusive education (1)
- incubation effect (1)
- individuelle Unterschiede (1)
- inflection (1)
- information integration (1)
- input frequency (1)
- interference (1)
- internalizing behavior (1)
- interoceptive sensibility (1)
- intervention (1)
- isometric eccentric force (1)
- isometric muscle action (1)
- jump performance (1)
- jump training (1)
- jumping (1)
- kindergarten (1)
- kinematic boundary cues (1)
- kinematics (1)
- kinetics (1)
- knee osteoarthritis (1)
- knees (1)
- kognitive Fähigkeiten (1)
- kognitive Modellierung (1)
- körperliche Fitness (1)
- latency (1)
- laterality (1)
- lexical databases (1)
- lexicon (1)
- lexicon size (1)
- lexikalische Datenbanken (1)
- life events (1)
- limb overuse conditions (1)
- lingering misinterpretation (1)
- linguistic determinism (1)
- linguistics (1)
- linguistische Determinismushypothese (1)
- lipids (1)
- literacy acquisition (1)
- living area (1)
- long-term (1)
- longitudinal (1)
- longitudinal study (1)
- low density lipoprotein cholesterol (1)
- low-back-pain (1)
- lower-extremity kinematics (1)
- macrostructure (1)
- magnetoencephalography (1)
- magnitude estimation (1)
- matched time (1)
- material fatigue (1)
- mathematical precursor (1)
- maturity (1)
- maximal voluntary contraction (1)
- measurement (1)
- mechanical tendinous oscillations (1)
- medial longitudinal arch (1)
- memory (1)
- menschliche Sprachverarbeitung (1)
- mental health (1)
- mental number line (1)
- mental number line (MNL) (1)
- meta-analysis (1)
- meta-science (1)
- metaphor (1)
- methodology (1)
- methods (1)
- miRNAs (1)
- microstructure (1)
- mindfulness-based stress reduction (1)
- mitochondrial adaptation (1)
- modality (1)
- modality compatibility (1)
- morphological decomposition (1)
- morphological errors (1)
- morphology (1)
- motivation (1)
- motor control (1)
- motor resonance (1)
- motor skills (1)
- motor system (1)
- motor unit synchronization (1)
- motorische Leistungsfähigkeit (1)
- movement (1)
- mozart effect (1)
- muscle (1)
- muscle action (1)
- muscle activation (1)
- muscle fitness (1)
- muscle metabolism (1)
- muscle power (1)
- muscle strength (1)
- muscular activity (1)
- musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena (1)
- music cognition (1)
- music information retrieval (1)
- music perception (1)
- musicality (1)
- narrative (1)
- narrative skills (1)
- negative expectation (1)
- neuroendocrine (1)
- neuroenhancement (1)
- neuromuscular functionality (1)
- neuromuscular pre-activation (1)
- neuroplasticity (1)
- neuroscience (1)
- newborns (1)
- non-adjacent dependencies (1)
- non-athletes (1)
- number (1)
- number knowledge (1)
- oarsmen (1)
- object search (1)
- occupational prognosis (1)
- on-water performance (1)
- out-group stereotypes (1)
- overreaching (1)
- overtraining (1)
- overuse injuries (1)
- palliative care (1)
- paralinguistic features (1)
- particle verbs (1)
- passive stretching (1)
- past-tense (1)
- patholinguistics (1)
- patient-centered care (1)
- peak torque (1)
- pelvic alignment (1)
- performance enhancement (1)
- perspective-taking (1)
- physical fitness expertise (1)
- physical performance (1)
- plyometric exercise (1)
- plyometric training (1)
- plyometrics (1)
- politeness (1)
- portuguese (1)
- postural control (1)
- postural sway (1)
- power (1)
- power improvement (1)
- pre-activity (1)
- pre-school (1)
- preactivation (1)
- prefixes (1)
- preschool children (1)
- preschoolers (1)
- presupposition (1)
- prevalence information (1)
- prevention (1)
- primary school (1)
- prior-likelihood integration (1)
- privileged ground (1)
- proactive aggression (1)
- problem solving (1)
- processing (1)
- prognosis (1)
- prosodic boundary cues (1)
- prosody processing (1)
- prototype-willingness-model (1)
- psycho-oncology (1)
- psychoeducation (1)
- psychopathology (1)
- psychophysiological (1)
- psychosocial stress (1)
- psychotherapy process (1)
- pupil diameter (1)
- quality (1)
- quality of life (1)
- race time (1)
- randomized-controlled-trial (1)
- range of motion (1)
- reactance (1)
- reactive aggression (1)
- reading strategy (1)
- reading-span (1)
- recognition (1)
- recollection (1)
- referees (1)
- reflexives (1)
- rehabilitation (1)
- relational aggression (1)
- relational bullying (1)
- remission (1)
- replication (1)
- representation learning (1)
- response inhibition (1)
- response styles theory (1)
- responses (1)
- return to work (1)
- return-to-sport (1)
- reward prediction error (1)
- rheumatic diseases (1)
- rhythm perception (1)
- rhythmic grouping (1)
- risk factors (1)
- risk-factors (1)
- role-play (1)
- rotation (1)
- rule learning (1)
- rules (1)
- rumination (1)
- runners (1)
- running (1)
- running mechanics (1)
- sAA (1)
- sACC (1)
- salivary alpha-amylase (1)
- scene memorization (1)
- scene viewing (1)
- schedule (1)
- scholastic demands (1)
- school (1)
- school learning (1)
- school mathematics (1)
- school-aged children (1)
- selbstbestimmtes Lesen (1)
- self threat (1)
- self-control (1)
- self-efficacy (1)
- semantics (1)
- sensitivity (1)
- sensomotorische Integration (1)
- sentence reading (1)
- sequential likelihood (1)
- serial reaction time (SRT) task (1)
- sex-differences (1)
- skeletal joints (1)
- skills (1)
- soccer (1)
- social cognition training (1)
- social inclusion (1)
- social meaning (1)
- social reactivity (1)
- socioeconomic status (1)
- sociometric neglect (1)
- sociometric status (1)
- solid tumor (1)
- sonography (1)
- sozioökonomischer Status (1)
- spatial frequencies (1)
- spatial frequency (SF) (1)
- spatial-numerical associations (1)
- special educational needs (1)
- specificity (1)
- speech and language therapy (1)
- speech kinematics (1)
- speech motor control (1)
- speech perception (1)
- speech segmentation (1)
- spelling (1)
- sports club participation (1)
- sprinting (1)
- stability (1)
- standardized patient (1)
- standardized patient information (1)
- standards (1)
- standing position (1)
- strength measurement system (1)
- stress intervention (1)
- stress management (1)
- stretch-shortening cycle (1)
- striking combat sports (1)
- study designs (1)
- study protocol (1)
- subtraction (1)
- surprisal (1)
- symptoms (1)
- syntactic expectation (1)
- syntax (1)
- synthesized voice (1)
- systematic review (1)
- systems (1)
- tVNS (1)
- taekwondo electronic scoring system (1)
- taekwondo-specific testing (1)
- talent (1)
- task (1)
- tasks (1)
- team handball (1)
- team sport (1)
- telerehabilitation (1)
- temporal frequency (1)
- text-to-speech (1)
- theory of mind (1)
- therapist competence (1)
- theta (1)
- time (1)
- time-efficient exercise (1)
- total hip replacement (1)
- total knee replacement (1)
- training adaptation (1)
- training-program (1)
- transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (1)
- transfer (1)
- transformation (1)
- transkranielle Magnetstimulation (1)
- treatment integrity (1)
- triglycerides (1)
- trunk (1)
- ultrasound imaging (1)
- uncanny valley (1)
- variability (1)
- verb-phrase ellipsis (1)
- verbal bullying (1)
- verteilte Verarbeitung (1)
- virtual reality (1)
- virus infection (1)
- vowels (1)
- web-based (1)
- weight loss (1)
- weightlifting (1)
- well-being (1)
- willingness to intervene (1)
- women (1)
- word processing (1)
- word recognition (1)
- words (1)
- work capacity (1)
- yellow flags (1)
- youth football (1)
- youth sport (1)
Institute
- Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften (175) (remove)
Objective: We investigated the effects of combined balance and strength training on measures of balance and muscle strength in older women with a history of falls.
Methods: Twenty-seven older women aged 70.4 ± 4.1 years (age range: 65 to 75 years) were randomly allocated to either an intervention (IG, n = 12) or an active control (CG, n = 15) group. The IG completed 8 weeks combined balance and strength training program with three sessions per week including visual biofeedback using force plates. The CG received physical therapy and gait training at a rehabilitation center. Training volumes were similar between the groups. Pre and post training, tests were applied for the assessment of muscle strength (weight-bearing squat [WBS] by measuring the percentage of body mass borne by each leg at different knee flexions [0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°], sit-to-stand test [STS]), and balance. Balance tests used the modified clinical test of sensory interaction (mCTSIB) with eyes closed (EC) and opened (EO), on stable (firm) and unstable (foam) surfaces as well as spatial parameters of gait such as step width and length (cm) and walking speed (cm/s).
Results: Significant group × time interactions were found for different degrees of knee flexion during WBS (0.0001 < p < 0.013, 0.441 < d < 0.762). Post hoc tests revealed significant pre-to-post improvements for both legs and for all degrees of flexion (0.0001 < p < 0.002, 0.697 < d < 1.875) for IG compared to CG. Significant group × time interactions were found for firm EO, foam EO, firm EC, and foam EC (0.006 < p < 0.029; 0.302 < d < 0.518). Post hoc tests showed significant pre-to-post improvements for both legs and for all degrees of oscillations (0.0001 < p < 0.004, 0.753 < d < 2.097) for IG compared to CG. This study indicates that combined balance and strength training improved percentage distribution of body weight between legs at different conditions of knee flexion (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°) and also decreased the sway oscillation on a firm surface with eyes closed, and on foam surface (with eyes opened or closed) in the IG.
Conclusion: The higher positive effects of training seen in standing balance tests, compared with dynamic tests, suggests that balance training exercises including lateral, forward, and backward exercises improved static balance to a greater extent in older women.
Background: Agility in general and change-of-direction speed (CoD) in particular represent important performance determinants in elite soccer.
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of a 6-week neuromuscular training program on agility performance, and to determine differences in movement times between the slower and faster turning directions in elite soccer players. Materials and Methods: Twenty male elite soccer players from the Stade Rennais Football Club (Ligue 1, France) participated in this study. The players were randomly assigned to a neuromuscular training group (NTG, n = 10) or an active control (CG, n = 10) according to their playing position. NTG participated in a 6-week, twice per week neuromuscular training program that included CoD, plyometric and dynamic stability exercises. Neuromuscular training replaced the regular warm-up program. Each training session lasted 30 min. CG continued their regular training program. Training volume was similar between groups. Before and after the intervention, the two groups performed a reactive agility test that included 180° left and right body rotations followed by a 5-m linear sprint. The weak side was defined as the left/right turning direction that produced slower overall movement times (MT). Reaction time (RT) was assessed and defined as the time from the first appearance of a visual stimulus until the athlete’s first movement. MT corresponded to the time from the first movement until the athlete reached the arrival gate (5 m distance).
Results: No significant between-group baseline differences were observed for RT or MT. Significant group x time interactions were found for MT (p = 0.012, effect size = 0.332, small) for the slower and faster directions (p = 0.011, effect size = 0.627, moderate). Significant pre-to post improvements in MT were observed for NTG but not CG (p = 0.011, effect size = 0.877, moderate). For NTG, post hoc analyses revealed significant MT improvements for the slower (p = 0.012, effect size = 0.897, moderate) and faster directions (p = 0.017, effect size = 0.968, moderate).
Conclusion: Our results illustrate that 6 weeks of neuromuscular training with two sessions per week included in the warm-up program, significantly enhanced agility performance in elite soccer players. Moreover, improvements were found on both sides during body rotations. Thus, practitioners are advised to focus their training programs on both turning directions.
Objective: To determine immediate performance measures for short-term, multicomponent cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in clinical routine in patients of working age, taking into
account cardiovascular risk factors, physical performance, social medicine, and subjective health parameters and to explore the underlying dimensionality.
Design: Prospective observational multicenter register study in 12 rehabilitation centers throughout Germany.
Setting: Comprehensive 3-week CR.
In canoe sprint, the trunk muscles play an important role in stabilizing the body in an unstable environment (boat) and in generating forces that are transmitted through the shoulders and arms to the paddle for propulsion of the boat. Isokinetic training is well suited for sports in which propulsion is generated through water resistance due to similarities in the resistive mode. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of isokinetic training in addition to regular sport-specific training on trunk muscular fitness and body composition in world-class canoeists and to evaluate associations between trunk muscular fitness and canoe-specific performance. Nine world-class canoeists (age: 25.6 ± 3.3 years; three females; four world champions; three Olympic gold medalists) participated in an 8-week progressive isokinetic training with a 6-week block “muscle hypertrophy” and a 2-week block “muscle power.” Pre- and post-tests included the assessment of peak isokinetic torque at different velocities in concentric (30 and 140∘s-1) and eccentric (30 and 90∘s-1) mode, trunk muscle endurance, and body composition (e.g., body fat, segmental lean mass). Additionally, peak paddle force was assessed in the flume at a water current of 3.4 m/s. Significant pre-to-post increases were found for peak torque of the trunk rotators at 30∘s-1 (p = 0.047; d = 0.4) and 140∘s-1 (p = 0.014; d = 0.7) in concentric mode. No significant pre-to-post changes were detected for eccentric trunk rotator torque, trunk muscle endurance, and body composition (p > 0.148). Significant medium-to-large correlations were observed between concentric trunk rotator torque but not trunk muscle endurance and peak paddle force, irrespective of the isokinetic movement velocity (all r ≥ 0.886; p ≤ 0.008). Isokinetic trunk rotator training is effective in improving concentric trunk rotator strength in world-class canoe sprinters. It is recommended to progressively increase angular velocity from 30∘s-1 to 140∘s-1 over the course of the training period.
This study examined the spoken narrative skills of a group of bilingual Mandarin–English speaking 3–6-year-olds (N = 25) in Australia, using a remote online story-retell task. Bilingual preschoolers are an understudied population, especially those who are speaking typologically distinct languages such as Mandarin and English which have fewer structural overlaps compared to language pairs that are typologically closer, reducing cross-linguistic positive transfer. We examined these preschoolers’ spoken narrative skills as measured by macrostructures (the global organization of a story) and microstructures (linguistic structures, e.g., total number of utterances, nouns, verbs, phrases, and modifiers) across and within each language, and how various factors such as age and language experiences contribute to individual variability. The results indicate that our bilingual preschoolers acquired spoken narrative skills similarly across their two languages, i.e., showing similar patterns of productivity for macrostructure and microstructure elements in both of their two languages. While chronological age was positively correlated with macrostructures in both languages (showing developmental effects), there were no significant correlations between measures of language experiences and the measures of spoken narrative skills (no effects for language input/output). The findings suggest that although these preschoolers acquire two typologically diverse languages in different learning environments, Mandarin at home with highly educated parents, and English at preschool, they displayed similar levels of oral narrative skills as far as these macro−/micro-structure measures are concerned. This study provides further evidence for the feasibility of remote online assessment of preschoolers’ narrative skills.
Bone pathology is frequent in stressed individuals. A comprehensive examination of mechanisms linking life stress, depression and disturbed bone homeostasis is missing. In this translational study, mice exposed to early life stress (MSUS) were examined for bone microarchitecture (μCT), metabolism (qPCR/ELISA), and neuronal stress mediator expression (qPCR) and compared with a sample of depressive patients with or without early life stress by analyzing bone mineral density (BMD) (DXA) and metabolic changes in serum (osteocalcin, PINP, CTX-I). MSUS mice showed a significant decrease in NGF, NPYR1, VIPR1 and TACR1 expression, higher innervation density in bone, and increased serum levels of CTX-I, suggesting a milieu in favor of catabolic bone turnover. MSUS mice had a significantly lower body weight compared to control mice, and this caused minor effects on bone microarchitecture. Depressive patients with experiences of childhood neglect also showed a catabolic pattern. A significant reduction in BMD was observed in depressive patients with childhood abuse and stressful life events during childhood. Therefore, future studies on prevention and treatment strategies for both mental and bone disease should consider early life stress as a risk factor for bone pathologies.
Throughout its empirical research history eye movement research has always been aware of the differences in reading behavior induced by individual differences and task demands. This work introduces a novel comprehensive concept of reading strategy, comprising individual differences in reading style and reading skill as well as reader goals. In a series of sentence reading experiments recording eye movements, the influence of reading strategies on reader- and word-level effects assuming distributed processing has been investigated. Results provide evidence for strategic, top-down influences on eye movement control that extend our understanding of eye guidance in reading.
Poor dietary quality is a major cause of morbidity, making the promotion of healthy eating a societal priority. Older adults are a critical target group for promoting healthy eating to enable healthy aging. One factor suggested to promote healthy eating is the willingness to try unfamiliar foods, referred to as food neophilia. This two-wave longitudinal study explored the stability of food neophilia and dietary quality and their prospective relationship over three years, analyzing self-reported data from N = 960 older adults (MT1 = 63.4, range = 50–84) participating in the NutriAct Family Study (NFS) in a cross-lagged panel design. Dietary quality was rated using the NutriAct diet score, based on the current evidence for chronic disease prevention. Food neophilia was measured using the Variety Seeking Tendency Scale. The analyses revealed high a longitudinal stability of both constructs and a small positive cross-sectional correlation between them. Food neophilia had no prospective effect on dietary quality, whereas a very small positive prospective effect of dietary quality on food neophilia was found. Our findings give initial insights into the positive relation of food neophilia and a health-promoting diet in aging and underscore the need for more in-depth research, e.g., on the constructs’ developmental trajectories and potential critical windows of opportunity for promoting food neophilia.
Physical activity and exercise are effective approaches in prevention and therapy of multiple diseases. Although the specific characteristics of lengthening contractions have the potential to be beneficial in many clinical conditions, eccentric training is not commonly used in clinical populations with metabolic, orthopaedic, or neurologic conditions. The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the feasibility, functional benefits, and systemic responses of an eccentric exercise program focused on the trunk and lower extremities in people with low back pain (LBP) and multiple sclerosis (MS). A six-week eccentric training program with three weekly sessions is performed by people with LBP and MS. The program consists of ten exercises addressing strength of the trunk and lower extremities. The study follows a four-group design (N = 12 per group) in two study centers (Israel and Germany): three groups perform the eccentric training program: A) control group (healthy, asymptomatic); B) people with LBP; C) people with MS; group D (people with MS) receives standard care physiotherapy. Baseline measurements are conducted before first training, post-measurement takes place after the last session both comprise blood sampling, self-reported questionnaires, mobility, balance, and strength testing. The feasibility of the eccentric training program will be evaluated using quantitative and qualitative measures related to the study process, compliance and adherence, safety, and overall program assessment. For preliminary assessment of potential intervention effects, surrogate parameters related to mobility, postural control, muscle strength and systemic effects are assessed. The presented study will add knowledge regarding safety, feasibility, and initial effects of eccentric training in people with orthopaedic and neurological conditions. The simple exercises, that are easily modifiable in complexity and intensity, are likely beneficial to other populations. Thus, multiple applications and implementation pathways for the herein presented training program are conceivable.