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”Thanks in Advance”
(2019)
This paper studies the effect of the commonly used phrase “thanks in advance” on compliance with a small request. In a controlled laboratory experiment we ask participants to give a detailed answer to an open question. The treatment variable is whether or not they see the phrase “thanks in advance.” Our participants react to the treatment by exerting less effort in answering the request even though they perceive the phrase as polite.
Inhalt 1. Öffentliche Unternehmen als ordnungspolitisches Problem 2. Positive Analyse und Neue Politische Ökonomik 2.1. Empirische Befunde zur Effizienzalternativer Produktion 2.2. Bürokratietheoretische Erklärungsansätze undModellerweiterungen 3. Normative Analyse und aktuelle Entwicklungen 3.1. Ordnungspolitische Konsequenzen:Privatisierung staatlicher Monopole undwettbewerbliche Marktöffnung 3.2. Natürliche Monopole als Liberalisierungshindernisse? 3.3. Liberalisierungsprozesse in einzelnen Sektoren 3.4. Ausblick und Perspektiven öffentlicher Unternehmen
Inhalt I. Einführung: Marktstruktur und Marktergebnisse II. Die Ausgestaltung der deutschen Rundfunkordnung durch dasBundesverfassungsgericht III. Gutseigenschaften und Marktbesonderheiten 1. Totales Marktversagen infolge öffentlicher Güter? 2. Externe Effekte des Rundfunkkonsums? 3. Rundfunk als meritorisches Gut? 4. Intransitive Präferenzen beim Rundfunkkonsum? 5. Asymmetrische Informationen im Rundfunkbereich? 6. Zwischenergebnis IV. Finanzierungsalternativen 1. Gebührenfinanzierung 2. Werbefinanzierung 3. Pay-TV 4. Zwischenergebnis V. Reformvorschläge zur deutschen Rundfunkordnung 1. Neubestimmung des öffentlich-rechtlichen Funktionsauftrages? 2. Finanzierung des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks durch die privaten Veranstalter? 3. Verzicht auf den öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunk? VI. Resümee
Dieses Papier thematisiert die völkerstrafrechtliche Einordnung rein störender, also nicht zerstörender Cyberoperationen. Nach der erforderlichen Begriffsklärung werden die einzelnen Fragen der Anwendbarkeit des Völkerstrafrechts erörtert und geprüft, welche Tatbestände durch solche Aktionen verwirklicht werden können.
Against the background of the increasingly discussed “Linguistic Saving Hypothesis” (Chen, 2013), I studied whether the targeted use of a present tense (close tense) and a future tense (distant tense) within the same language have an impact on intertemporal decision-making. In a monetarily incentivized laboratory experiment in Germany, I implemented two different treatments on intertemporal choices. The treatments differed in the tense in which I referred to future rewards. My results show that individuals prefer to a greater extent rewards which are associated with a present tense (close tense). This result is in line with my prediction and the first empirical support for the Linguistic Saving Hypothesis within one language. However, this result holds exclusively for males. Females seem to be unaffected by the linguistic manipulation. I discuss my findings in the context of “gender-as-culture” as well as their potential policy-implications.
Die vorliegende Publikation umfasst einen Teil der Dissertation „Wortstellungsvariation aus informationsstruktureller Perspektive. Eine Untersuchung der linken Satzperipherie im gesprochenen Deutsch“ von Sören Schalowski. In diesen Kapiteln wird aus synchroner Perspektive auf die Wortstellungsvariation in der linken Satzperipherie, also die Besetzungs- und Linearisierungsvarianten der syntaktischen Domäne vor dem finiten Verb, genauer eingegangen. Dabei werden die für das Standarddeutsche bekannten und in der Literatur diskutierten (oberflächlichen)
Abweichungen von der V2-Stellung in Aussagesätzen des Deutschen genauer diskutiert.