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Dieser Beitrag untersucht dass-Saetze, bei denen das finite Verb nicht, wie eigentlich zu erwarten, am Ende, sondern in Zweitposition platziert ist. Anhand von authentischem Sprachmaterial des gesprochenen Deutsch wird dieses Phaenomen hinsichtlich syntaktischer und pragmatischer Eigenschaften systematisiert und beschrieben. Ziel ist es erstens, die zunaechst ungewoehnlich erscheinende Verbstellung in dass-Saetzen funktional zu motivieren. Dabei fließen sowohl diskursfunktionale Beobachtungen als auch informationsstrukturelle Faktoren in die Betrachtung ein. Auf der Grundlage dieser Befunde werden zweitens Moeglichkeiten und Probleme einer (formal-)syntaktischen Analyse von dass-V2-Konstruktionen besprochen. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafuer, von einer parataktischen Struktur auszugehen. Der Konnektor dass wird hier also nicht als Subjunktion, sondern als Assertionsmarker verwendet und uebernimmt damit Diskursfunktion. This article deals with German dass ("that")-clauses in spoken German that do not show the finite verb - as one would expect in subordinate clauses - in final, but, just like in main clauses, in second position. Based on material from spoken language corpora this phenomenon is investigated and systematically described. After a closer look at syntactic and pragmatic properties of this construction, this somewhat surprising pattern of verb placement is motivated by functional needs, such as discourse functional strategies and information structural factors. With these findings in mind, several ways of formal syntactic analysis are discussed. As a result, I propose a paratactic analysis suggesting that dass does not function as a complementiser, but as an assertion marker instead.
Zur politischen Ökonomie von Dezentralisierungsprozessen : die Reformen im Wassersektor Marokkos
(2008)
Zur Parallelität der Schulleistungsentwicklung von Jungen und Mädchen im Verlauf der Grundschule
(2008)
Active host-searching in bat ectoparasites. As a pilot study, this paper discribes the mobility of ectoparasites after removing from their hosts. Spinturnix acuminatus (Koch, 1836)(Acari, Spinturnicidae) a permanent stationary bat mite normally survives the removing only a few hours. This species moves easily on the patagium or on human skin. In contrast, on other surfaces the movements of this species seems to be less orientated and it is unlikely that the mite can reach a host in some distance. Nycteribia kolenatii Theodor & Moscona, 1954 (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) a bat fly, shows excellent movements in the fur of its host. The specimens survive the removing from the host several days. The ability to clamber up a wall was tested with a rough clay brick. The bat fly achieves only 9,6 cm on average. This result does not support good abilities for host searching in this species. Bat fleas (Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae): Ischnopsyllus elongatus (Curtis, 1832), I. hexactenus (Kolenati, 1856), I. simplex (Rothschild, 1906)and other species survive the removing from their hosts several days. In case of a vertical barrier they showed a stereotype upside climbing, followed by a horizontal appetitive behavior. The fleas were climbing a distance in the upside of 6,45 m on average(1,2-21,68 m). As excellent climbers bat fleas are able to overcome edges and slopes and to crawl on the ceiling. Therefore, it seems to be no problem for a flea to parasite any bat in a resting room. Additionally, some bugs (Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758) were examinated. They run with a speed of 63 cm per minute and were able to climb easily on the brick. On average their stretch of way achieved 2,85 m in ten minutes.