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Pseudotachylitic breccia (PTB) in the form of cm-wide melt breccia veinlets locally occurs on the exposed central uplift of the 380Ma Siljan impact structure. The host rock to the PTBs is the so-called Jarna granite of quartz monzonitic to syenodioritic composition. The nearly 603m long BH-5 drill core from Hattberg, near the centre of the Siljan central uplift, contains numerous veins and pods of PTB. In particular, two major zones of 60m combined width contain extensive PTB network breccias (30% actual melt breccia component), with individual melt breccia occurrences up to >1m in length. Core logging and petrographic and geochemical analysis of the core have been performed, and the data are interpreted to suggest the following. (1) The impact event caused low to moderate (at essentially <20GPa) shock deformation in the host rock and in clasts of this lithology within the PTB. (2) Macroscopic deformation of the basement mainly comprises fracturing, with only localised cataclasis. (3) No evidence for shock melting (i.e. compression/decompression melting early in the cratering process) could be observed. (4) Optical and scanning electron microscopy showed that dark PTB contains a definite melt component. (5) Shearing has significantly affected this part of the central uplift, but its effects are limited to very short displacements and likely did not result in extensive melting. (6) A frictional heating component upon melt generation can, however, not be excluded, as many PTB samples contain clasts of a mafic (gabbroic) component, although only in one place along the entire core, a 1.2cm-wide section through such material in direct contact to host rock was observed. Consequently, we suggest that, upon uplift in the central part of the impact structure, considerable melt volumes were generated locally, especially in areas that had been affected by extensive cataclasis and where grain size comminution favoured melt formation. Rapid decompression related to central uplift formation is the preferred process for the generation of the PTB melt breccias.
Secretion in blowfly salivary glands is induced by the neurohormone serotonin and powered by a vacuolar-type H+- ATPase (V-ATPase) located in the apical membrane of the secretory cells. We have established a microfluorometric method for analysing pH changes at the luminal surface of the secretory epithelial cells by using the fluorescent dye 5-N- hexadecanoyl-aminofluorescein (HAF). After injection of HAF into the lumen of the tubular salivary gland, the fatty acyl chain of the dye molecule partitions into the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and its pH-sensitive fluorescent moiety is exposed at the cell surface. Confocal imaging has confirmed that HAF distributes over the entire apical membrane of the secretory cells and remains restricted to this membrane domain. Ratiometric analysis of HAF fluorescence demonstrates that serotonin leads to a reversible dose-dependent acidification at the luminal surface. Inhibition by concanamycin A confirms that the serotonin-induced acidification at the luminal surface is due to H+ transport across the apical membrane via V-ATPase. Measurements with pH-sensitive microelectrodes corroborate a serotonin-induced luminal acidification and demonstrate that luminal pH decreases by about 0.4 pH units at saturating serotonin concentrations. We conclude that ratiometric measurements of HAF fluorescence provide an elegant method for monitoring V-ATPase-dependent H+ transport in the blowfly salivary gland in vivo and for analysing the spatiotemporal pattern of pH changes at the luminal surface
Gothic Cinema
(2021)
Als erste deutschsprachige Einführung in das Gothic Cinema stellt dieser Band ein im deutschsprachigen Raum bisher kaum etabliertes und wenig erforschtes Filmgenre vor. Er begreift Gothic Cinema als eine Form inoffizieller Historiographie, die einen Blick nicht nur auf die Geschichte des Films und seiner Technik, sondern auch auf Moralvorstellungen, Geschlechterverhältnisse, kollektive Ängste oder ästhetische Strömungen zulässt. Auf eine Abgrenzung und Bestimmung des Begriffs und der zentralen Elemente des Gothic folgt ein umfassender historischer Überblick von 1896 bis zur heutigen Zeit. Der Schwerpunkt im dritten Teil liegt auf Analysen einzelner Gothic-Filme und Fernsehserien nach 2015. Die untersuchten Beispiele sind einerseits repräsentativ im Hinblick auf typische Elemente, Motive oder Topoi und weisen andererseits Besonderheiten und Brüche auf, die sich für eine kultur- und medienwissenschaftliche Untersuchung als fruchtbar erweisen.
Making the domain tangible
(2017)
Programmers collaborate continuously with domain experts to explore the problem space and to shape a solution that fits the users’ needs. In doing so, all parties develop a shared vocabulary, which is above all a list of named concepts and their relationships to each other. Nowadays, many programmers favor object-oriented programming because it allows them to directly represent real-world concepts and interactions from the vocabulary as code. However, when existing domain data is not yet represented as objects, it becomes a challenge to initially bring existing domain data into object-oriented systems and to keep the source code readable. While source code might be comprehensible to programmers, domain experts can struggle, given their non-programming background. We present a new approach to provide a mapping of existing data sources into the object-oriented programming environment. We support keeping the code of the domain model compact and readable while adding implicit means to access external information as internal domain objects. This should encourage programmers to explore different ways to build the software system quickly. Eventually, our approach fosters communication with the domain experts, especially at the beginning of a project. When the details in the problem space are not yet clear, the source code provides a valuable, tangible communication artifact.
Receiver function approaches have proven to be valuable for the investigation of crustal and upper mantle discontinuities whose sharp changes in seismic velocities cause wave conversions. While the crustal and mantle transition zone discontinuities are largely understood, the X-discontinuity at 250-350 km depth is still an object of controversial debate. The origin and global distribution of this structure with a velocity jump of 1.5-4.8% for compressional and shear waves is still unexplained. Although the crustal and mantle transition zone discontinuities beneath SW Morocco and surroundings have been investigated, only a few studies observed the X-discontinuity and place the depth at 260-370 km beneath the region of western Morocco. In order to better locate and characterize the X-discontinuity beneath southwest Morocco, we create P-wave receiver functions using data recorded by the Morocco-Munster array and detect the X-discontinuity at apparent depths of 285-350 km. In the western part of our study region we find apparent depths of similar to 310-340 km. The eastern part of the study area appears more complex: we locate two velocity jumps at apparent depths of around 285-295 km and 330-350 km in the northeast, and in the southeast we find a discontinuity at apparent depths of 340-350 km. Due to the large depth range and the twofold appearance of the X-discontinuity, we suggest that two different phase transitions cause the X-discontinuity beneath SW Morocco. The velocity contrasts at larger depths likely point to the coesite-stishovite phase transition occurring in deep eclogitic pools. The shallower depths can be explained by the transition from orthoenstatite to high-pressure clinoenstatite which requires the reaction between eclogite and peridotite to form orthopyroxene-rich peridotite. This reaction is likely related to previously proposed small-scale mantle upwellings beneath SW Morocco. Since both phase transitions require eclogite occurrence, the location of the X-discontinuity in this region can be used to indicate the location of recycled oceanic crust.