Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (64) (remove)
Year of publication
- 2013 (64) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (54)
- Preprint (6)
- Conference Proceeding (3)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (1)
Language
- English (64) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (64)
Keywords
- Eye movements (4)
- Reading (3)
- Adolescence (2)
- Depression (2)
- Linear mixed model (2)
- Mental number line (2)
- Visual attention (2)
- Working memory (2)
- children (2)
- embodied cognition (2)
- eye movements (2)
- fixation durations (2)
- learning (2)
- sentence reading (2)
- 13-to 15-month-old infants (1)
- 5-HTTLPR (1)
- ACTH (1)
- Age at First Drink (1)
- Alan Kennedy (1)
- Alcohol Use (1)
- Animacy (1)
- Attention (1)
- Attention: Selective (1)
- Auditory pitch (1)
- BDNF (1)
- Boundary paradigm (1)
- Category identification (1)
- Child's emotional eating (1)
- Children (1)
- Chinese (1)
- Chronic abdominal pain (1)
- Cognitive-behavioral treatment (1)
- Computational modeling (1)
- Context-specific task features (1)
- Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene (1)
- Cortisol (1)
- Current motivation (1)
- Decoupling (1)
- Distributed processing (1)
- Dual task (1)
- Dyslexia (1)
- EEG/ERP (1)
- EMG (1)
- Early psychosocial adversity (1)
- Eating (1)
- Embodied perception (1)
- Event-related potentials (1)
- Eye movement (1)
- Eye movements in reading (1)
- Eye tracking (1)
- Eyemind assumption (1)
- Family adversity (1)
- Feeding practices (1)
- Fixational selectivity (1)
- Gender differences (1)
- Gene-environment interaction (1)
- Goal-directed movements (1)
- Grasp affordances (1)
- HPA axis (1)
- Human (1)
- IAT (1)
- Infant (1)
- Infant action processing (1)
- Infants (age: 7 months) (1)
- Job-anxiety (1)
- Longitudinal study (1)
- Magnitude comparison (1)
- Maltreatment (1)
- Maternal weight (1)
- Metacognitive strategy knowledge (1)
- Modality (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Mother-infant interaction (1)
- Motor resonance account (1)
- Naming (1)
- Nc (1)
- Numerical cognition (1)
- Object categorization (1)
- Ostensive communication (1)
- Parafoveal processing (1)
- Parafoveal-on-foveal effects (1)
- Parsing difficulty (1)
- Perceptual span (1)
- Personality traits (1)
- Preschoolers (1)
- Preview effects (1)
- Prior knowledge (1)
- Prospective Longitudinal Study (1)
- Puberty (1)
- Rapid automatized naming (1)
- Rational action understanding (1)
- Rational imitation tasks (1)
- Reading comprehension (1)
- Reading strategy (1)
- Reasoning ability (1)
- Recognition memory (1)
- SMARC (1)
- SNARC (1)
- Scene perception (1)
- Sentence comprehension (1)
- Serial and parallel (1)
- Serial recall (1)
- Social cognition (1)
- Spatial bias (1)
- Spatial coding (1)
- Surprisal (1)
- Test anxiety (1)
- To learners in which of the following categories does your work apply (1)
- Verbal cues (1)
- Visual stimulus processing (1)
- Young Adulthood (1)
- Young adults (1)
- additive and interactive effects (1)
- age at first cigarette (1)
- aggressive cognitions (1)
- associative networks (1)
- attention (1)
- automatic associations (1)
- automatic attitudes (1)
- binocular combination (1)
- calculation (1)
- childhood (1)
- children and adolescents (1)
- clinical interview (1)
- cold pressor pain (1)
- computational modeling (1)
- confirmation bias (1)
- covert attention (1)
- dependence (1)
- developmental dyscalculia (1)
- early smoking experiences (1)
- eating disorders (1)
- effects of trial history (1)
- emotion regulation (1)
- evoked potentials (1)
- family relations (1)
- female perpetrators (1)
- finger counting (1)
- fixation locations (1)
- free associations (1)
- generalizability (1)
- hand dynamics (1)
- implicit measures (1)
- inhibition (1)
- interactive learning environment (1)
- interference model (1)
- interoception (1)
- interoceptive awareness (1)
- intervention (1)
- learning disability (1)
- lexical decision (1)
- linear mixed models (1)
- longitudinal study (1)
- male victims (1)
- media violence (1)
- mental number line (1)
- modeling (1)
- monocular deprivation (1)
- near-hand effect (1)
- number cognition (1)
- numerical cognition (1)
- occupational health (1)
- oculomotor control (1)
- old adults and young adults (1)
- operational momentum (1)
- optimization (1)
- parafoveal processing (1)
- perception (1)
- pleasurable smoking sensations (1)
- point process (1)
- preview benefit (1)
- prosodic boundary (1)
- psychometric properties (1)
- pubertal timing (1)
- puberty (1)
- publication bias (1)
- reading (1)
- reappraisal (1)
- replicability (1)
- reproductive strategies (1)
- research transparency (1)
- saliency (1)
- same-sex contacts (1)
- scene perception (1)
- semantic (1)
- sensory balance (1)
- sexual aggression (1)
- sexual victimization (1)
- sickness absence (1)
- social cognition (1)
- spatial frequencies (1)
- spatial representation (1)
- spatial statistics (1)
- stimulus-onset delay (1)
- symbolic calculation (1)
- tactile perception (1)
- trait-anxiety (1)
- working memory capacity (1)
- workplace (1)
- wrap-up process (1)
- x Comprehension (1)
- x Early adolescence (1)
- x Intrinsic (1)
- x Motivation/engagement, x Extrinsic (1)
Institute
- Department Psychologie (64) (remove)
Parafoveal semantic processing has recently been well documented in reading Chinese sentences, presumably because of language-specific features. However, because of a large variation of fixation landing positions on pretarget words, some preview words actually were located in foveal vision when readers' eyes landed close to the end of the pretarget words. None of the previous studies has completely ruled out a possibility that the semantic preview effects might mainly arise from these foveally processed preview words. This case, whether previously observed positive evidence for parafoveal semantic processing can still hold, has been called into question. Using linear mixed models, we demonstrate in this study that semantic preview benefit from word N+1 decreased if fixation on pretarget word N was close to the preview. We argue that parafoveal semantic processing is not a consequence of foveally processed preview words.
Dyslexic children are known to be slower than normal readers in rapid automatized naming (RAN). This suggests that dyslexics encounter local processing difficulties, which presumably induce a narrower perceptual span. Consequently, dyslexics should suffer less than normal readers from removing parafoveal preview. Here we used a gaze-contingent moving window paradigm in a RAN task to experimentally test this prediction. Results indicate that dyslexics extract less parafoveal information than control children. We propose that more attentional resources are recruited to the foveal processing because of dyslexics' less automatized translation of visual symbols into phonological output, thereby causing a reduction of the perceptual span. This in turn leads to less efficient preactivation of parafoveal information and, hence, more difficulty in processing the next foveal item.
Task demands and individual differences have been linked reliably to word skipping during reading. Such differences in fixation probability may imply a selection effect for multivariate analyses of eye-movement corpora if selection effects correlate with word properties of skipped words. For example, with fewer fixations on short and highly frequent words the power to detect parafoveal-on-foveal effects is reduced. We demonstrate that increasing the fixation probability on function words with a manipulation of the expected difficulty and frequency of questions reduces an age difference in skipping probability (i.e., old adults become comparable to young adults) and helps to uncover significant parafoveal-on-foveal effects in this group of old adults. We discuss implications for the comparison of results of eye-movement research based on multivariate analysis of corpus data with those from display-contingent manipulations of target words.
Background.Vocational interests play a central role in the vocational decision-making process and are decisive for the later job satisfaction and vocational success. Based on Ackerman's (1996) notion of trait complexes, specific interest profiles of gifted high-school graduates can be expected. Aims.Vocational interests of gifted and highly achieving adolescents were compared to those of their less intelligent/achieving peers according to Holland's (1997) RIASEC model. Further, the impact of intelligence and achievement on interests were analysed while statistically controlling for potentially influencing variables. Changes in interests over time were investigated. Sample.N= 4,694 German students (age: M= 19.5, SD= .80; 54.6% females) participated in the study (TOSCA; Koller, Watermann, Trautwein, & Ludtke, 2004). Method. Interests were assessed in participants' final year at school and again 2 years later (N= 2,318). Results.Gifted participants reported stronger investigative and realistic interests, but lower social interests than less intelligent participants. Highly achieving participants reported higher investigative and (in wave 2) higher artistic interests. Considerable gender differences were found: gifted girls had a flat interest profile, while gifted boys had pronounced realistic and investigative and low social interests. Multilevel multiple regression analyses predicting interests by intelligence and school achievement revealed stable interest profiles. Beyond a strong gender effect, intelligence and school achievement each contributed substantially to the prediction of vocational interests. Conclusions.At the time around graduation from high school, gifted young adults show stable interest profiles, which strongly differ between gender and intelligence groups. These differences are relevant for programmes for the gifted and for vocational counselling.
This article investigates gender differences in implicit and explicit measures of the Big Five traits of personality. In a high-powered study (N = 14,348), we replicated previous research showing that women report higher levels of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion and Neuroticism. For implicit measures, gender differences were much smaller for all, and opposite in sign for Extraversion. Somewhat higher levels of implicit Neuroticism and Agreeableness were observed in women, and somewhat higher levels of implicit Extraversion and Openness were observed in men. There was no gender difference in implicit Conscientiousness. A possible explanation is that explicit self-concepts partly reflect social norms and self-expectations about gender roles, while implicit self-concepts may mostly reflect self-related experiences.
A central question concerning word recognition is whether linguistic categories are processed in continuous or categorical ways, in particular, whether regular and irregular inflection is stored and processed by the same or by distinct systems. Here, we contribute to this issue by contrasting regular (regular stem, regular suffix) with semi-irregular (regular stem, irregular suffix) and irregular (irregular stem, irregular suffix) participle formation in a visual priming experiment on German verb inflection. We measured ERPs and RTs and manipulated the inflectional and meaning relatedness between primes and targets. Inflected verb targets (e. g., leite, "head") were preceded either by themselves, by their participle (geleitet, "headed"), by a semantically related verb in the same inflection as the target (fuhre, "guide") or in the participle form (gefuhrt, "guided"), or by an unrelated verb in the same inflection (nenne, "name"). Results showed that behavioral and ERP priming effects were gradually affected by verb regularity. Regular participles produced a widely distributed frontal and parietal effect, irregular participles produced a small left parietal effect, and semi-irregular participles yielded an effect in-between these two in terms of amplitude and topography. The behavioral and ERP effects further showed that the priming because of participles differs from that because of semantic associates for all verb types. These findings argue for a single processing system that generates participle priming effects for regular, semi-irregular, and irregular verb inflection. Together, the findings provide evidence that the linguistic categories of verb inflection are processed continuously. We present a single-system model that can adequately account for such graded effects.
Several chronometric biases in numerical cognition have informed our understanding of a mental number line (MNL). Complementing this approach, we investigated spatial performance in a magnitude comparison task. Participants located the larger or smaller number of a pair on a horizontal line representing the interval from 0 to 10. Experiments 1 and 2 used only number pairs one unit apart and found that digits were localized farther to the right with "select larger" instructions than with "select smaller" instructions. However, when numerical distance was varied (Experiment 3), digits were localized away from numerically near neighbors. This repulsion effect reveals context-specific distortions in number representation not previously noticed with chronometric measures.
Two studies explored the psychometric properties of free association methods for the assessment of attitudes. Even though the stability of the actual associations was rather low, psychometric properties of the valence estimates of the free associations were highly satisfactory. Valence estimates of associations were provided by independent judges who rated the valence of the associations that were generated by participants. Valence estimates of the associations showed satisfactory internal consistencies and retest reliabilities over three weeks. Additionally, valence estimates of the associations were significantly and independently related to both explicit self-reported attitudes and implicit attitudes that were assessed with an OssiWessi Implicit Association Test. Free association methods represent a useful complement to the family of implicit measures and are especially suitable for the assessment of non-relative attitudes towards single attitude objects.