Refine
Year of publication
- 2019 (89) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (63)
- Postprint (10)
- Doctoral Thesis (6)
- Review (6)
- Other (4)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (89) (remove)
Keywords
- Caenorhabditis elegans (4)
- inflammation (4)
- oxidative stress (4)
- Biomarker (3)
- Boron exposure (3)
- Oxidative stress (3)
- SDS-PAGE (3)
- malnutrition (3)
- polyphenols (3)
- Boric acid (2)
- Carotenoids (2)
- DNA damage (2)
- Doehlert design (2)
- FGF21 (2)
- Jurkat cells (2)
- LC-MS/MS (2)
- LC/HRMS (2)
- Labile zinc (2)
- MALDI-TOF/MS (2)
- NAFLD (2)
- NASH (2)
- Pak choi (2)
- Parkinson disease (2)
- Plackett–Burman design (2)
- Sarcopenia (2)
- Zinc (2)
- Zinc homeostasis (2)
- anti-inflammatory nutrition (2)
- biomarker (2)
- cancer (2)
- ceramides (2)
- cholesterol (2)
- chronic fatigue (2)
- cytokines (2)
- diet (2)
- drug delivery (2)
- electrochemistry (2)
- endurance exercise (2)
- epigenetics (2)
- extraction (2)
- fatigue reduction diet (2)
- glucose intolerance (2)
- human excised skin (2)
- hydrolysis (2)
- mass spectrometry (2)
- monensin (2)
- myalgic encephalomyelitis (2)
- nanogels (2)
- older persons (2)
- omega-3 fatty acids (2)
- probiotics (2)
- selenium (2)
- serine palmitoyltransferase (2)
- skin penetration (2)
- sphingolipid de novo synthesis (2)
- stable-isotope labeling (2)
- tacrolimus formulation (2)
- transformation products (2)
- veterinary drugs (2)
- wheat (2)
- zinc (2)
- α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (2)
- 1-Methoxy-3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate (1)
- 3-Methylhistidin (1)
- 3-methylhistidine (1)
- 3D tissue model (1)
- 7 macrophages (1)
- Adult height (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Aging (1)
- Alterung (1)
- BMI (1)
- Beef (1)
- Beryllium (1)
- Beta-Zelle (1)
- Biomarkers (1)
- Blood pressure (1)
- Blood protein adducts (1)
- Body weight (1)
- Brassica (1)
- Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis (1)
- Brown adipose tissue (1)
- C-reactive protein (1)
- C. elegans (1)
- Caco-2 intestinal barrier model (1)
- Cardiovascular diseases (1)
- Carotenoid (1)
- Casein (1)
- Catechin (1)
- Cellular uptake (1)
- Ceramides (1)
- Chlorophylls (1)
- Comet assay (1)
- Costs (1)
- Curcumin (1)
- Cytokines (1)
- DNA adducts (1)
- DNA methylation (1)
- DPP4 (1)
- Dendritic cells (1)
- Diabetes incidence (1)
- Dolichol lipids (1)
- Domestic cooking (1)
- Dopamine (1)
- Drug delivery (1)
- ER-stress (1)
- Eicosanoid (1)
- Equines (1)
- Excretion (1)
- Farber disease (1)
- Fat infiltration in muscle (1)
- Fettinfiltration im Muskel (1)
- Flavonoid (1)
- Flavonoids (1)
- Fluorescence screening (1)
- Frailty (1)
- Frailty criteria (1)
- Geriatric patients (1)
- Gewicht (1)
- Glp1r(-/-) mice (1)
- Glucosinolate breakdown product (1)
- Glucosinolates (1)
- HNRNPA1 (1)
- HOG (1)
- HPLC (1)
- Health care expenditure (1)
- Heat shock protein 90 (1)
- High resolution microscopy (1)
- IDH1 (1)
- Inflammaging (1)
- Intraperitoneal administration (1)
- Isoprostane (1)
- Jod (1)
- Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen (1)
- LEDs (1)
- Leg length (1)
- Light quality (1)
- Liver fat (1)
- Low lean mass (1)
- Low muscle mass (1)
- Lupin (1)
- MALDI-TOF-MS (1)
- MMF (1)
- Manganese (1)
- Meat (1)
- Mendelian randomization (1)
- Microbiome (1)
- Mikronährstoffe (1)
- Mortality (1)
- Mortalität (1)
- Multiplex platforms (1)
- Muskelproteinumsatz (1)
- NF-kappa B (1)
- NZO (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1)
- Neoglucobrassicin (1)
- Neurotoxicity (1)
- Nrf2 (1)
- Ontogeny (1)
- Oxylipin (1)
- Paternal exposure (1)
- Pig (1)
- Polyphenols (1)
- Post mortem chemistry (1)
- Proteasome (1)
- Protein aggregates (1)
- Protein oxidation (1)
- Protein restriction (1)
- RAW 264 (1)
- Rats (1)
- Redox control (1)
- Reliability (1)
- SEC-HPLC (1)
- SVM (1)
- Sarkopenie (1)
- Schilddrüse (1)
- Schilddrüsenautoimmunerkrankungen (1)
- Se-methylselenoneine (1)
- Secondary metabolites (1)
- Selen (1)
- Selenium (1)
- Selenoneine (1)
- Selenoproteine (1)
- Sex ratio at birth (1)
- Short stature (1)
- Skin penetration (1)
- Small molecules (1)
- Sphingolipids (1)
- TET (1)
- TGF-beta (1)
- TGF-beta 1 (1)
- Testicle (1)
- Thermal processing (1)
- TraceAge (1)
- Trans-epoxy-fatty acid (1)
- Trunk length (1)
- Type 2 diabetes (1)
- Vitamin C (1)
- Vitamin D insufficiency (1)
- Vitamin K (1)
- Y:X chromosome ratio (1)
- YB-1 (1)
- Zinypr-1 (1)
- acid ceramidase (1)
- acid sphingomyelinase (1)
- activation (1)
- aging (1)
- amaranth (1)
- amino acids (1)
- amitriptyline (1)
- antioxidant activity (1)
- antioxidant defense systems (1)
- aroma quality (1)
- arsenic (1)
- autophagy flux (1)
- beta-carotene hydroxylase (1)
- beta-cell (1)
- bioactive peptides (1)
- bioavailability (1)
- caenorhabditis elegans (1)
- caffeic acid derivatives (1)
- cancer cells (1)
- carotenoids (1)
- cell migration (1)
- chronic diseases (1)
- chronic kidney disease (1)
- classification (1)
- click chemistry (1)
- clinical prediction rule (1)
- clusterin (1)
- cocoa processing (1)
- cocoa proteins (1)
- collagen I (1)
- copper (1)
- cost-effectiveness analysis (1)
- cow-side assay (1)
- dendritic cell (1)
- determinants (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- diet-disease association (1)
- dietary patterns (1)
- etiology (1)
- extraction and characterization methods (1)
- fatigue (1)
- fermentation-related enzymes (1)
- fetal programing (1)
- fiber (1)
- fibrosis (1)
- flavonoids (1)
- fluorescent probe (1)
- frailty (1)
- free zinc (1)
- gallbladder cancer (1)
- gene (1)
- gene-lifestyle interaction (1)
- genetics (1)
- glucagon (1)
- growth (1)
- health (1)
- heath potentials (1)
- homeostasis (1)
- immune-inflammatory biomarkers (1)
- in vivo (1)
- incident type 2 diabetes (1)
- increases (1)
- induction (1)
- insulin (1)
- insulin resistance (1)
- interventions (1)
- invasion (1)
- involuntary weight loss (1)
- iron (1)
- kale (1)
- lifestyle risk reduction (1)
- linagliptin (1)
- low birth weight (1)
- lysosomal storage disorders (1)
- machine learning (1)
- measles virus (1)
- meta-analysis (1)
- metabolic stress (1)
- metabolischer Stress (1)
- method comparison (1)
- methyl jasmonate (1)
- micronutrients (1)
- microscope (1)
- model (1)
- muscle protein turnover (1)
- narrow-banded UVB (1)
- nutritional factors (1)
- old adults (1)
- oxidativer Stress (1)
- pea (1)
- physical activity (1)
- plasma measurements (1)
- post-hospital syndrome (1)
- presystemic metabolism (1)
- prevention (1)
- principal component analysis (1)
- protein-phenol interactions (1)
- proteomic analysis (1)
- randomized controlled intervention study (1)
- red meat (1)
- repeated measures design (1)
- replication (1)
- reproducibility (1)
- selenoneine (1)
- selenoproteins (1)
- serum (1)
- skeletal muscle (1)
- skeletal-muscle (1)
- smartphone (1)
- sphingolipids (1)
- sphingosine (1)
- sphingosine kinases (1)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate (1)
- suPAR (1)
- survival (1)
- tea processing (1)
- therapy (1)
- thermal processing (1)
- thymosin beta 4 (1)
- type 2 (1)
- type 2 diabetes (1)
- type 2 diabetes mellitus (1)
- vitamin (1)
- volatile compounds (1)
- weight loss intervention (1)
Institute
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft (89) (remove)
Domain-specific physical activity patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness among adults in Germany
(2019)
Background Studies show that occupational physical activity (OPA) has less health-enhancing effects than leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). The spare data available suggests that OPA rarely includes aerobic PAs with little or no enhancing effects on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as a possible explanation. This study aims to investigate the associations between patterns of OPA and LTPA and CRF among adults in Germany. Methods 1,204 men and 1,303 women (18-64 years), who participated in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey 2008-2011, completed a standardized sub-maximal cycle ergometer test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Job positions were coded according to the level of physical effort to construct an occupational PA index and categorized as low vs. high OPA. LTPA was assessed via questionnaires and dichotomized in no vs. any LTPA participation. A combined LTPA/OPA variable was used (high OPA/ LTPA, low OPA/LTPA, high OPA/no LTPA, low OPA/no LTPA). Information on potential confounders was obtained via questionnaires (e.g., smoking and education) or physical measurements (e.g., waist circumference). Multi-variable logistic regression was used to analyze associations between OPA/LTPA patterns and VO2max. Results Preliminary analyses showed that less-active men were more likely to have a low VO2max with odds ratios (ORs) of 0.80 for low OPA/LTPA, 1.84 for high OPA/no LTPA and 3.46 for low OPA/no LTPA compared to high OPA/LTPA. The corresponding ORs for women were 1.11 for low OPA/LTPA, 3.99 for high OPA/no LTPA and 2.44 for low OPA/no LTPA, indicating the highest likelihood of low fitness for women working in physically demanding jobs and not engaging in LTPA. Conclusions Findings confirm a strong association between LTPA and CRF and suggest an interaction between OPA and LTPA patterns on CRF within the workforce in Germany. Women without LTPA are at high risk of having a low CRF, especially if they work in physically demanding jobs. Key messages Women not practicing leisure-time physical activity are at risk of having a low cardiorespiratory fitness, especially if they work in physically demanding jobs. Different impact of domains of physical activity should be considered when planning interventions to enhance fitness among the adult population.
In nature, plants interact with numerous beneficial or pathogenic soil-borne microorganisms. Plants have developed various defense strategies to expel pathogenic microbes, some of which function soon after pathogen infection. We used Medicago truncatula and its oomycete pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches to elucidate early responses of the infected root. A. euteiches causes root rot disease in legumes and is a limiting factor in legume production. Transcript profiling of seedlings and adult plant roots inoculated with A. euteiches zoospores for 2 h revealed specific upregulation of a gene encoding a putative sesquiterpene synthase (M. truncatula TERPENE SYNTHASE 10 [MtTPS10]) in both developmental stages. MtTPS10 was specifically expressed in roots upon oomycete infection. Heterologous expression of MtTPS10 in yeast led to production of a blend of sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpene alcohols, with NMR identifying a major peak corresponding to himalachol. Moreover, plants carrying a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) retrotransposon Tnt1 insertion in MtTPS10 lacked the emission of sesquiterpenes upon A. euteiches infection, supporting the assumption that the identified gene encodes a multiproduct sesquiterpene synthase. Mttps10 plants and plants with reduced MtTPS10 transcript levels created by expression of an MtTPS10-artificial microRNA in roots were more susceptible to A. euteiches infection than were the corresponding wild-type plants and roots transformed with the empty vector, respectively. Sesquiterpenes produced by expression of MtTPS10 in yeast also inhibited mycelial growth and A. euteiches zoospore germination. These data suggest that sesquiterpene production in roots by MtTPS10 plays a previously unrecognized role in the defense response of M. truncatula against A. euteiches.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 (IGFBP-2) and the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes
(2019)
Recent studies suggest that insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) may protect against type 2 diabetes, but population-based human studies are scarce. We aimed to investigate the prospective association of circulating IGFBP-2 concentrations and of differential methylation in the IGFBP-2 gene with type 2 diabetes risk.
Aims/hypothesis This study aimed to evaluate associations of height as well as components of height (sitting height and leg length) with risk of type 2 diabetes and to explore to what extent associations are explainable by liver fat and cardiometabolic risk markers. Methods A case-cohort study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study comprising 26,437 participants who provided blood samples was designed. We randomly selected a subcohort of 2500 individuals (2029 diabetes-free at baseline and with anamnestic, anthropometrical and metabolic data for analysis). Of the 820 incident diabetes cases identified in the full cohort during 7 years of follow-up, 698 remained for analyses after similar exclusions. Results After adjustment for age, potential lifestyle confounders, education and waist circumference, greater height was related to lower diabetes risk (HR per 10 cm, men 0.59 [95% CI 0.47, 0.75] and women 0.67 [0.51, 0.88], respectively). Leg length was related to lower risk among men and women, but only among men if adjusted for total height. Adjustment for liver fat and triacylglycerols, adiponectin and C-reactive protein substantially attenuated associations between height and diabetes risk, particularly among women. Conclusions/interpretation We observed inverse associations between height and risk of type 2 diabetes, which was largely related to leg length among men. The inverse associations may be partly driven by lower liver fat content and a more favourable cardiometabolic profile.
Background: Epidemiological studies suggest that an increased red meat intake is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas an increased fiber intake is associated with a lower risk. Objectives: We conducted an intervention study to investigate the effects of these nutritional factors on glucose and lipid metabolism, body-fat distribution, and liver fat content in subjects at increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Methods: This prospective, randomized, and controlled dietary intervention study was performed over 6 mo. All groups decreased their daily caloric intake by 400 kcal. The "control" group (N = 40) only had this requirement. The "no red meat" group (N = 48) in addition aimed to avoid the intake of red meat, and the "fiber" group (N = 44) increased intake of fibers to 40 g/d. Anthropometric parameters and frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance tests were performed before and after intervention. Body-fat mass and distribution, liver fat, and liver iron content were assessed by MRI and single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results: Participants in all groups lost weight (mean 3.3 +/- 0.5 kg, P < 0.0001). Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity improved (P < 0.001), and body and visceral fat mass decreased in all groups (P < 0.001). These changes did not differ between groups. Liver fat content decreased significantly (P < 0.001) with no differences between the groups. The decrease in liver fat correlated with the decrease in ferritin during intervention (r(2) = 0.08, P = 0.0021). This association was confirmed in an independent lifestyle intervention study (Tuebingen Lifestyle Intervention Program, N = 229, P = 0.0084). Conclusions: Our data indicate that caloric restriction leads to a marked improvement in glucose metabolism and body-fat composition, including liver-fat content. The marked reduction in liver fat might be mediated via changes in ferritin levels. In the context of caloric restriction, there seems to be no additional beneficial impact of reduced red meat intake and increased fiber intake on the improvement in cardiometabolic risk parameters. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03231839.
Sphingolipids are a class of lipids that share a sphingoid base backbone. They exert various effects in eukaryotes, ranging from structural roles in plasma membranes to cellular signaling. De novo sphingolipid synthesis takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where the condensation of the activated C₁₆ fatty acid palmitoyl-CoA and the amino acid L-serine is catalyzed by serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). The product, 3-ketosphinganine, is then converted into more complex sphingolipids by additional ER-bound enzymes, resulting in the formation of ceramides. Since sphingolipid homeostasis is crucial to numerous cellular functions, improved assessment of sphingolipid metabolism will be key to better understanding several human diseases. To date, no assay exists capable of monitoring de novo synthesis sphingolipid in its entirety. Here, we have established a cell-free assay utilizing rat liver microsomes containing all the enzymes necessary for bottom-up synthesis of ceramides. Following lipid extraction, we were able to track the different intermediates of the sphingolipid metabolism pathway, namely 3-ketosphinganine, sphinganine, dihydroceramide, and ceramide. This was achieved by chromatographic separation of sphingolipid metabolites followed by detection of their accurate mass and characteristic fragmentations through high-resolution mass spectrometry and tandem-mass spectrometry. We were able to distinguish, unequivocally, between de novo synthesized sphingolipids and intrinsic species, inevitably present in the microsome preparations, through the addition of stable isotope-labeled palmitate-d₃ and L-serine-d₃. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a method monitoring the entirety of ER-associated sphingolipid biosynthesis. Proof-of-concept data was provided by modulating the levels of supplied cofactors (e.g., NADPH) or the addition of specific enzyme inhibitors (e.g., fumonisin B₁). The presented microsomal assay may serve as a useful tool for monitoring alterations in sphingolipid de novo synthesis in cells or tissues. Additionally, our methodology may be used for metabolism studies of atypical substrates – naturally occurring or chemically tailored – as well as novel inhibitors of enzymes involved in sphingolipid de novo synthesis.
Sphingolipids are a class of lipids that share a sphingoid base backbone. They exert various effects in eukaryotes, ranging from structural roles in plasma membranes to cellular signaling. De novo sphingolipid synthesis takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where the condensation of the activated C₁₆ fatty acid palmitoyl-CoA and the amino acid L-serine is catalyzed by serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). The product, 3-ketosphinganine, is then converted into more complex sphingolipids by additional ER-bound enzymes, resulting in the formation of ceramides. Since sphingolipid homeostasis is crucial to numerous cellular functions, improved assessment of sphingolipid metabolism will be key to better understanding several human diseases. To date, no assay exists capable of monitoring de novo synthesis sphingolipid in its entirety. Here, we have established a cell-free assay utilizing rat liver microsomes containing all the enzymes necessary for bottom-up synthesis of ceramides. Following lipid extraction, we were able to track the different intermediates of the sphingolipid metabolism pathway, namely 3-ketosphinganine, sphinganine, dihydroceramide, and ceramide. This was achieved by chromatographic separation of sphingolipid metabolites followed by detection of their accurate mass and characteristic fragmentations through high-resolution mass spectrometry and tandem-mass spectrometry. We were able to distinguish, unequivocally, between de novo synthesized sphingolipids and intrinsic species, inevitably present in the microsome preparations, through the addition of stable isotope-labeled palmitate-d₃ and L-serine-d₃. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a method monitoring the entirety of ER-associated sphingolipid biosynthesis. Proof-of-concept data was provided by modulating the levels of supplied cofactors (e.g., NADPH) or the addition of specific enzyme inhibitors (e.g., fumonisin B₁). The presented microsomal assay may serve as a useful tool for monitoring alterations in sphingolipid de novo synthesis in cells or tissues. Additionally, our methodology may be used for metabolism studies of atypical substrates – naturally occurring or chemically tailored – as well as novel inhibitors of enzymes involved in sphingolipid de novo synthesis.
We previously showed that purified 1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl (1-MIM) glucosinolate, a secondary plant metabolite in Brassica species, is mutagenic in various in vitro systems and forms DNA and protein adducts in mouse models. In the present study, we administered 1-MIM glucosinolate in a natural matrix to mice, by feeding a diet containing pak choi powder and extract. Groups of animals were killed after 1, 2, 4 and 8 days of pak choi diet, directly or, in the case of the 8-day treatment, after 0, 8 and 16 days of recovery with pak choi-free diet. DNA adducts [N-2-(1-MIM)-dG, N-6-(1-MIM)-dA] in six tissues, as well as protein adducts [tau N-(1-MIM)-His] in serum albumin (SA) and hemoglobin (Hb) were determined using UPLC-MS/MS with isotopically labeled internal standards. None of the samples from the 12 control animals under standard diet contained any 1-MIM adducts. All groups receiving pak choi diet showed DNA adducts in all six tissues (exception: lung of mice treated for a single day) as well as SA and Hb adducts. During the feeding period, all adduct levels continuously increased until day 8 (in the jejunum until day 4). During the 14-day recovery period, N-2-(1-MIM)-dG in liver, kidney, lung, jejunum, cecum and colon decreased to 52, 41, 59, 11, 7 and 2%, respectively, of the peak level. The time course of N-6-(1-MIM)-dA was similar. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that cell turnover is a major mechanism of DNA adduct elimination in the intestine. In the same recovery period, protein adducts decreased more rapidly in SA than in Hb, to 0.7 and 37%, respectively, of the peak level, consistent with the differential turnover of these proteins. In conclusion, the pak choi diet lead to the formation of high levels of adducts in mice. Cell and protein turnover was a major mechanism of adduct elimination, at least in gut and blood.
Birth weight variation is influenced by fetal and maternal genetic and non-genetic factors, and has been reproducibly associated with future cardio-metabolic health outcomes. In expanded genome-wide association analyses of own birth weight (n = 321,223) and offspring birth weight (n = 230,069 mothers), we identified 190 independent association signals (129 of which are novel). We used structural equation modeling to decompose the contributions of direct fetal and indirect maternal genetic effects, then applied Mendelian randomization to illuminate causal pathways. For example, both indirect maternal and direct fetal genetic effects drive the observational relationship between lower birth weight and higher later blood pressure: maternal blood pressure-raising alleles reduce offspring birth weight, but only direct fetal effects of these alleles, once inherited, increase later offspring blood pressure. Using maternal birth weight-lowering genotypes to proxy for an adverse intrauterine environment provided no evidence that it causally raises offspring blood pressure, indicating that the inverse birth weight-blood pressure association is attributable to genetic effects, and not to intrauterine programming.