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In recent years digital technologies have become a major means for providing health-related services and this trend was strongly reinforced by the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As it is well-known that regular physical activity has positive effects on individual physical and mental health and thus is an important prerequisite for healthy aging, digital technologies are also increasingly used to promote unstructured and structured forms of physical activity. However, in the course of this development, several terms (e.g., Digital Health, Electronic Health, Mobile Health, Telehealth, Telemedicine, and Telerehabilitation) have been introduced to refer to the application of digital technologies to provide health-related services such as physical interventions. Unfortunately, the above-mentioned terms are often used in several different ways, but also relatively interchangeably. Given that ambiguous terminology is a major source of difficulty in scientific communication which can impede the progress of theoretical and empirical research, this article aims to make the reader aware of the subtle differences between the relevant terms which are applied at the intersection of physical activity and Digital Health and to provide state-of-art definitions for them.
Aim
There is little evidence of the impact of diabetes risk scores on individual diabetes risk factors, motivation for behaviour changes and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of applying a noninvasive diabetes risk score in primary care as component of routine health checks on physical activity and secondary outcomes.
Methods
Cluster randomised trial, in which primary care physicians (PCPs), randomised (1:1) by minimisation, enrolled participants with statutory health insurance without known diabetes, >= 35 years of age with a body mass index >= 27.0 kg/m(2). The German Diabetes Risk Score was applied as add-on to the standard routine health check, conducted in the controls. Primary outcome was the difference in participants' physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) after 12 months. Secondary outcomes included body mass index, perceived health, anxiety, depression, and motivation for lifestyle change. Analysis was by intention-to-treat principle using mixed models.
Results
36 PCPs were randomised; remaining 30 PCPs (intervention: n = 16; control: n = 14) recruited 315 participants (intervention: n = 153; controls: n = 162). A slight increase in physical activity was observed in the intervention group with an adjusted mean change of 388 (95% confidence interval: - 235; 1011) metabolic equivalents minutes per week. There were no relevant changes in secondary outcomes.
Conclusions
The application of a noninvasive diabetes risk score alone is not effective in promoting physical activity in primary care. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03234322, registration date: July 31, 2017).
Die Sportpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie ist ein relativ junges Arbeitsgebiet, das sich insbesondere mit zwei Schwerpunkten befasst: zum einen mit den Besonderheiten in Diagnostik und Therapie psychischer Erkrankungen bei Leistungssportler:innen sowie Bewegung und Sport in der Entstehung und Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen. Während alle psychischen Erkrankungen prinzipiell auch bei (Leistungs‑)Sportler:innen auftreten können, gibt es darüber hinaus sport(art)spezifische psychische Erkrankungen, wie z. B. die Anorexia athletica und andere Essstörungen, die chronisch traumatische Enzephalopathie, Missbrauch und Abhängigkeit von leistungssteigernden Substanzen (Doping) oder die Muskeldysmorphie. In qualitativ hochwertigen klinischen Studien konnte die therapeutische Wirksamkeit von Bewegung und Sport bei verschiedenen psychischen Erkrankungen belegt werden. Ein sportpsychiatrisches Basiswissen sollten alle in Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie klinisch Tätigen besitzen.