Refine
Document Type
- Article (11)
- Postprint (5)
- Doctoral Thesis (2)
- Bachelor Thesis (1)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (19) (remove)
Keywords
- power (19) (remove)
Institute
- Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät (4)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (4)
- Department Psychologie (2)
- Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften (2)
- Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften (2)
- Department Grundschulpädagogik (1)
- Department Linguistik (1)
- Fachgruppe Politik- & Verwaltungswissenschaft (1)
- Fachgruppe Soziologie (1)
- Institut für Philosophie (1)
The aim of this case series approach was to analyze weekly changes in force-velocity relationship (FvR) parameters ((v) over bar, (F) over bar (0), (P) over bar (max)) and theoretical snatch performance (snatchth) assessed through a specific snatch pull test in preparation of the European and World Championships in 2 male elite weightlifters.
A second aim was to examine associations of training load (volume, volume load, average load), barbell -, and snatchth over a period of 2 macrocycles in preparation of the same competitions. FvR-parameters, snatchth, training load data, and body mass were assessed weekly over 40 weeks.
Using the smallest real difference approach, significant (p <= 0.05) decreases in (v) over bar (0) and increases in (v) over bar, (F) over bar (0), (P) over bar (max), and snatchth were found within macrocycles.
However, the large significant loss in body mass (approximate to 11%) in athlete 1 during macrocycle 2 represents most likely a main factor for diminished (P) over bar (max), and snatchth in macrocycle 2.
Based on cross-correlation analyses, barbell FvR-parameters and snatchth were significantly (p <= 0.05) associated with maximal strength, muscle power, and speed training load variables.
Moderate correlations (0.31-0.47) were found between training load and (P) over bar (max) and snatchth in athlete 2. It can be concluded that the applied training loads elicits improvements in <(P)(max) and snatchth because the athlete approached the main competitions.
However, because of the large loss in body mass, the relations between training load and barbell FvR-parameters and snatchth were less clear in athlete 1. It seems that a loss in body mass as a result of a change in bodyweight category mitigates <(P)over bar>(max) development during the macrocycle and hindered to reach peak snatchth at the main competitions.
The organisation of legislative chambers and the consequences of parliamentary procedures have been among the most prominent research questions in legislative studies. Even though democratic elections not only lead to the formation of a government but also result in an opposition, the literature has mostly neglected oppositions and their role in legislative chambers. This paper proposes to fill this gap by looking at the legislative organisation from the perspective of opposition players. The paper focuses on the potential influence of opposition players in the policy-making process and presents data on more than 50 legislative chambers. The paper shows considerable variance of the formal power granted to opposition players. Furthermore, the degree of institutionalisation of opposition rights is connected to electoral systems and not necessarily correlated with other institutional characteristics such as regime type or the size of legislative chambers.
When researchers carry out a null hypothesis significance test, it is tempting to assume that a statistically significant result lowers Prob(H0), the probability of the null hypothesis being true. Technically, such a statement is meaningless for various reasons: e.g., the null hypothesis does not have a probability associated with it. However, it is possible to relax certain assumptions to compute the posterior probability Prob(H0) under repeated sampling. We show in a step-by-step guide that the intuitively appealing belief, that Prob(H0) is low when significant results have been obtained under repeated sampling, is in general incorrect and depends greatly on: (a) the prior probability of the null being true; (b) type-I error rate, (c) type-II error rate, and (d) replication of a result. Through step-by-step simulations using open-source code in the R System of Statistical Computing, we show that uncertainty about the null hypothesis being true often remains high despite a significant result. To help the reader develop intuitions about this common misconception, we provide a Shiny app (https://danielschad.shinyapps.io/probnull/). We expect that this tutorial will help researchers better understand and judge results from null hypothesis significance tests.
Why do exercises in collaborative governance often witness more impasse than advantage? This cumulative dissertation undertakes a micro-level analysis of collaborative governance to tackle this research puzzle. It situates micropolitics at the very center of analysis: a wide range of activities, interventions, and tactics used by actors – be they conveners, facilitators, or participants – to shape the collaborative exercise. It is by focusing on these daily minutiae, and on the consequences that they bring along, the study argues, that we can better understand why and how collaboration can become stuck or unproductive. To do so, the foundational part of this dissertation (Article 1) uses power as a sensitizing concept to investigate the micro-dynamics that shape collaboration. It develops an analytical approach to advance the study of collaborative governance at the empirical level under a power-sensitive and process-oriented perspective. The subsequent articles follow the dissertation's red thread of investigating the micropolitics of collaborative governance by showing facilitation artefacts' interrelatedness and contribution to the potential success or failure of collaborative arrangements (Article 2); and by examining the specialized knowledge, skills and practices mobilized when designing a collaborative process (Article 3). The work is based on an abductive research approach, tacking back and forth between empirical data and theory, and offers a repertoire of concepts – from analytical terms (designed and emerging interaction orders, flows of power, arenas for power), to facilitation practices (scripting, situating, and supervising) and types of knowledge (process expertise) – to illustrate and study the detailed and constant work (and rework) that surrounds collaborative arrangements. These concepts sharpen the way researchers can look at, observe, and understand collaborative processes at a micro level. The thesis thereby elucidates the subtleties of power, which may be overlooked if we focus only on outcomes rather than the processes that engender them, and supports efforts to identify potential sources of impasse.
The organisation of legislative chambers and the consequences of parliamentary procedures have been among the most prominent research questions in legislative studies. Even though democratic elections not only lead to the formation of a government but also result in an opposition, the literature has mostly neglected oppositions and their role in legislative chambers. This paper proposes to fill this gap by looking at the legislative organisation from the perspective of opposition players. The paper focuses on the potential influence of opposition players in the policy-making process and presents data on more than 50 legislative chambers. The paper shows considerable variance of the formal power granted to opposition players. Furthermore, the degree of institutionalisation of opposition rights is connected to electoral systems and not necessarily correlated with other institutional characteristics such as regime type or the size of legislative chambers.
This paper analyses the interaction of domestic political elites and external donors against the backdrop of Mozambique’s decentralisation process. The empirical research at national and local levels supports the hypothesis that informal power structures influence the dynamics of this interaction. Consequently, this contributes to an outcome of externally induced democratisation different to what was intended by external actors. The decentralisation process has been utilised by ruling domestic elites for political purposes. Donors have rather focused on the technical side and ignored this informal dimension. By analysing the diverging objectives and perceptions of external and internal actors, as well as the instrumentalisation of formal democratic structures, it becomes clear, that the ‘informal has to be seen as normal’. At a theoretical level, the analysis contributes to elite-oriented approaches of post-conflict democratisation by adding ‘the informal’ as an additional factor for the dynamics of external-internal interaction. At a policy level, external actors need to take more into account informal power structures and their ambivalence for state-building and democratisation.
Anerkennung und Macht
(2021)
In der vorliegenden Untersuchung habe ich das Ziel verfolgt, einen sachlich-eigenständigen Beitrag für eine Debatte gegen Honneths kritische Gesellschaftstheorie zu leisten. In dieser Debatte wird Honneth dahingehend kritisiert, dass es ihm mit seiner kritischen Gesellschaftstheorie entgegen seiner eigenen systematischen Zielsetzung nicht gelingt, in modernen liberaldemokratischen Gesellschaften sämtliche Phänomene von sozialer Herrschaft kritisch zu hinterfragen. Denn soziale Anerkennung, die Honneth als Schlüsselbegriff für diese kritische Hinterfragung behandelt, bei der soziale Herrschaft in Verbindung mit sozialer Missachtung (als mangelnde soziale Anerkennung) steht, kann laut der Kritik faktisch selbst ein Medium für die Stiftung von sozialer Unterwerfung sein. Dies geschieht in Prozessen von Identitätsentwicklung, in denen soziale Anerkennung für Individuen als Anerkannte bestimmte Identitätsmöglichkeiten einräumt und auf diese Weise gleichzeitig andere Identitätsmöglichkeiten ausschließt, womit sie auf diese Identität einschränkend und insofern herrschend wirkt. Es handelt sich um eine Form von sozialer Herrschaft, die durch soziale Anerkennung gestiftet wird. Honneth zieht dem Vorwurf zufolge nicht in Erwägung, dass soziale Anerkennung bei Individuen als Anerkannte einen solchen negativen Effekt erzielen kann. Hieraus ergeben sich die Fragen, ob soziale Anerkennung in Prozessen von Identitätsentwicklung jeweils mit sozialer Herrschaft einhergeht und wie dieser Typus von sozialer Herrschaft kritisiert werden kann. Diese Fragen hat Honneth zuletzt in einem persönlichen Gespräch mit Allen und Cooke (als zwei Teilnehmerinnen der Debatte gegen Honneth) beantwortet. An dieser Stelle vertritt er mit beiden Gesprächsteilnehmerinnen die Auffassung, dass die Operation der Einschränkung von Identitätsmöglichkeiten an sich keine Operation darstellt, welche, wie sonst in der Debatte gegen seine kritische Gesellschaftstheorie behauptet wird, auf soziale Herrschaft zurückführt. Diese Auffassung beruht auf der Idee, wonach soziale Anerkennung sich in jenem praktischen Kontext nur unter der Bedingung als herrschaftsstiftend erweist, dass sie immanente Prinzipien verletzt, die substanziell kritische Maßstäbe definieren.
Mein Beitrag zu dieser Debatte gegen Honneth besteht auf der einen Seite in der Erklärung, dass sowohl jene Auffassung als auch jene Idee argumentativ mangelhaft sind, und auf der anderen Seite in der Ausführung des Vorhabens, diesen argumentativen Mangel selbst zu beheben. Gegen jene Auffassung behaupte ich, dass die drei Autoren in ihrem Gespräch nicht erläutern, inwiefern soziale Anerkennung nicht herrschend wirkt, wenn sie die Identitätsmöglichkeiten von Individuen als Anerkannte einschränkt, denn mit dieser Einschränkung wird vielmehr faktisch über diese Individuen geherrscht – die Debatte gegen Honneth, so zur Unterstützung dieser Ansicht, baut hauptsächlich auf ebendiesem Faktum auf. Gegen jene Idee habe ich fünf problematische Fragen gestellt und beantwortet, die Bezug eigentlich nicht allein auf diese Idee selbst, sondern überdies auf weitere, naheliegende Ideen nehmen, welche die drei Autoren angesprochen haben.
An effective training program needs to be customized to the specific
demands of the redpective sport. Therefore, it is important to
conduct a needs analysis to gain information on the unique
characteristics of the sport. The objectives of thes review were (A)
to conduct a systematic needs analysis of karate kumite and (B) to
provide practical recommendations for sport-specific performance
testing and training of karate kumite athletes.
Cross-education has been extensively investigated with adults. Adult studies report asymmetrical cross-education adaptations predominately after dominant limb training. The objective of the study was to examine unilateral leg press (LP) training of the dominant or nondominant leg on contralateral and ipsilateral strength and balance measures. Forty-two youth (10-13 years) were placed (random allocation) into a dominant (n = 15) or nondominant (n = 14) leg press training group or nontraining control (n = 13). Experimental groups trained 3 times per week for 8 weeks and were tested pre-/post-training for ipsilateral and contralateral 1-repetition maximum (RM) horizontal LP, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF), countermovement jump (CMJ), triple hop test (THT), MVIC strength of elbow flexors (EF) and handgrip, as well as the stork and Y balance tests. Both dominant and nondominant LP training significantly (p < 0.05) increased both ipsilateral and contralateral lower body strength (LP 1RM (dominant: 59.6%-81.8%; nondominant: 59.5%-96.3%), KE MVIC (dominant: 12.4%-18.3%; nondominant: 8.6%-18.6%), KF MVIC (dominant: 7.9%-22.3%; nondominant: nonsignificant-3.8%), and power (CMJ: dominant: 11.1%-18.1%; nondominant: 7.7%-16.6%)). The exception was that nondominant LP training demonstrated a nonsignificant change with the contralateral KF MVIC. Other significant improvements were with nondominant LP training on ipsilateral EF 1RM (6.2%) and THT (9.6%). There were no significant changes with EF and handgrip MVIC. The contralateral leg stork balance test was impaired following dominant LP training. KF MVIC exhibited the only significant relative post-training to pretraining (post-test/pre-test) ratio differences between dominant versus nondominant LP cross-education training effects. In conclusion, children exhibit symmetrical cross-education or global training adaptations with unilateral training of dominant or nondominant upper leg.
Purpose
We quantified the acute and chronic effects of whole body vibration on athletic performance or its proxy measures in competitive and/or elite athletes.
Methods
Systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
Results
Whole body vibration combined with exercise had an overall 0.3 % acute effect on maximal voluntary leg force (−6.4 %, effect size = −0.43, 1 study), leg power (4.7 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.30, 6 studies), flexibility (4.6 %, effect size = −0.12 to 0.22, 2 studies), and athletic performance (−1.9 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.26, 6 studies) in 191 (103 male, 88 female) athletes representing eight sports (overall effect size = 0.28). Whole body vibration combined with exercise had an overall 10.2 % chronic effect on maximal voluntary leg force (14.6 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.44, 5 studies), leg power (10.7 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.42, 9 studies), flexibility (16.5 %, effect size = 0.57 to 0.61, 2 studies), and athletic performance (−1.2 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.45, 5 studies) in 437 (169 male, 268 female) athletes (overall effect size = 0.44).
Conclusions
Whole body vibration has small and inconsistent acute and chronic effects on athletic performance in competitive and/or elite athletes. These findings lead to the hypothesis that neuromuscular adaptive processes following whole body vibration are not specific enough to enhance athletic performance. Thus, other types of exercise programs (e.g., resistance training) are recommended if the goal is to improve athletic performance.