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Indirect rebound effects on the consumer level occur when potential greenhouse gas emission savings from the usage of more efficient technologies or more sufficient consumption in one consumption area are partially or fully offset through the consumers’ adverse behavioral responses in other areas. As both economic (e.g., price effects) and psychological (e.g., moral licensing) mechanisms can stimulate these indirect rebound effects, they have been studied in different fields, including economics, industrial ecology, psychology, and consumer research. Consequently, the literature is highly fragmented and disordered. To integrate the body of knowledge for an interdisciplinary audience, we review and summarize the previous literature, covering the microeconomic quantification of indirect rebounds based on observed expenditure behavior and the psychological processes underlying indirect rebounds. The literature review reveals that economic quantifications and psychological processes of indirect rebound effects have not yet been jointly analyzed. We derive directions for future studies, calling for a holistic research agenda that integrates economic and psychological mechanisms.
Für den Industrialisierungsprozess von Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern haben ausländische Direktinvestitionen (ADI) eine wichtige Funktion. Sie können zum einen zu einer Erhöhung des industriellen Output des Ziellandes führen und zum anderen als Träger von technologischem Wissen fungieren. Neues Wissen kann den Empfängerländern der ADI durch Spillovereffekte und Technologietransfers ausländischer Tochterunternehmen zufließen. Diese Arbeit soll Antworten auf die Fragen geben, durch welche Mechanismen Spillovereffekte und Technologietransfers ausgelöst werden und wie Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern diesen Wissenszufluss zur Beschleunigung ihres Industrialisierungsprozesses einsetzen können. Hierfür wird ein Konzept zur Förderung von Spillovereffekten entwickelt. Weiterhin wird ein theoretisches Modell entwickelt, in dem der Technologietransfer ausländischer Exportplattformen erstmals in Abhängigkeit des Anteils der Vorprodukte, die im Gastland nachgefragt werden, untersucht. In den Fallstudien Irland und Malaysia werden die Ergebnisse des theoretischen Modells sowie des entwickelten Konzepts illustriert.
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(2023)
Military conflicts and wars affect a country’s development in various dimensions. Rising inflation rates are a potentially important economic effect associated with conflict. High inflation can undermine investment, weigh on private consumption, and threaten macroeconomic stability. Furthermore, these effects are not necessarily restricted to the locality of the conflict, but can also spill over to other countries. Therefore, to understand how conflict affects the economy and to make a more comprehensive assessment of the costs of armed conflict, it is important to take inflationary effects into account. To disentangle the conflict-inflation-nexus and to quantify this relationship, we conduct a panel analysis for 175 countries over the period 1950–2019. To capture indirect inflationary effects, we construct a distance based spillover index. In general, the results of our analysis confirm a statistically significant positive direct association between conflicts and inflation rates. This finding is robust across various model specifications. Moreover, our results indicate that conflict induced inflation is not solely driven by increasing money supply. Furthermore, we document a statistically significant positive indirect association between conflicts and inflation rates in uninvolved countries.