Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (21)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
- Postprint (1)
Language
- English (23)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (23) (remove)
Keywords
- Iran (2)
- Kyrgyzstan (2)
- Tien Shan (2)
- Absolute age dating (1)
- Alborz (1)
- Alborz Mountains (1)
- Alborz range (1)
- Basement-cored ranges (1)
- Cosmogenic nuclides (1)
- Earthquake source observations (1)
- Elburs (1)
- Fault interaction (1)
- Fault linkage and interaction (1)
- Intraplate processes (1)
- Issyk Kul (1)
- Kosmogene Nuklide (1)
- Lichenometry (1)
- Mosha Fault (1)
- North Tehran Fault (1)
- Paleoseismology (1)
- Rock glacier (1)
- Seismicity and tectonics (1)
- Slip rate (1)
- Structural geology (1)
- Störungsinteraktion (1)
- Tectonic geomorphology (1)
- Tektonische Geomorphologie (1)
- Thermochronology (1)
- base-level fall (1)
- cosmogenic nuclides (1)
- erosion (1)
- fault interaction (1)
- knickpoints (1)
- lake-level changes (1)
- landscape evolution (1)
- numerical modeling (1)
- orogenic processes (1)
- outburst flood (1)
- rock uplift (1)
- surface processes (1)
Institute
Intraplate seismicity is often characterized by episodic, clustered and migrating earthquakes and extended after-shock sequences. Can these observations - primarily from North America, China and Australia - usefully be applied to seismic hazard assessment for intraplate Europe? Existing assessments are based on instrumental and historical seismicity of the past c. 1000 years, as well as some data for active faults. This time span probably fails to capture typical large-event recurrence intervals of the order of tens of thousands of years. Palaeoseismology helps to lengthen the observation window, but preferentially produces data in regions suspected to be seismically active. Thus the expected maximum magnitudes of future earthquakes are fairly uncertain, possibly underestimated, and earthquakes are likely to occur in unexpected locations. These issues particularly arise in considering the hazards posed by low-probability events to both heavily populated areas and critical facilities. For example, are the variations in seismicity (and thus assumed seismic hazard) along the Rhine Graben a result of short sampling or are they real? In addition to a better assessment of hazards with new data and models, it is important to recognize and communicate uncertainties in hazard estimates. The more users know about how much confidence to place in hazard maps, the more effectively the maps can be used.
Investigation of a right-laterally offset channel at the Miller's Field paleoseismic site yields a late Holocene slip rate of 26.2 +6.4/-4.3 mm/yr (1 sigma) for the main trace of the San Andreas fault at Parkfield, California. This is the first well-documented geologic slip rate between the Carrizo and creeping sections of the San Andreas fault. This rate is lower than Holocene measurements along the Carrizo Plain and rates implied by far-field geodetic measurements (similar to 35 mm/yr). However, the rate is consistent with historical slip rates, measured to the northwest, along the creeping section of the San Andreas fault (<30 mm/yr). The paleoseismic exposures at the Miller's Field site reveal a pervasive fabric of clay shear bands, oriented clockwise oblique to the San Andreas fault strike and extending into the uppermost stratigraphy. This fabric is consistent with dextral aseismic creep and observations of surface slip from the 28 September 2004 M6 Parkfield earthquake. Together, this slip rate and deformation fabric suggest that the historically observed San Andreas fault slip behavior along the Parkfield section has persisted for at least a millennium, and that significant slip is accommodated by structures in a zone beyond the main San Andreas fault trace.