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Institute
- Institut für Jüdische Studien und Religionswissenschaft (1158) (remove)
In the first book-length study of Takkanot Kandiyah, Martin Borýsek analyses this fascinating corpus of Hebrew texts written between 1228 –1583 by the leaders of the Jewish community in Candia, the capital of Venetian Crete. Collected in the 16th century by the Cretan Jewish historian Elijah Capsali, the communal byelaws offer a unique perspective on the history of a vibrant, culturally diverse Jewish community during three centuries of Venetian rule. As well as confronting practical problems such as deciding whether Christian wine can be made kosher by adding honey, or stopping irresponsible Jewish youths disturbing religious services by setting off fireworks in the synagogue, Takkanot Kandiyah presents valuable material for the study of communal autonomy and institutional memory in pre-modern Jewish society.
In search of Ovidian hebrew
(2022)
This paper focuses on the first substantial translation of Ovid’s Metamorphoses into modern Hebrew, whose author was Yehoshua Friedman (1885–1934). The first part of the paper sets Friedman into the context of modern Hebrew classical philology and explores the character of his verse. The core of the text consists of three case studies of selected excerpts from Ovid’s story of Apollo and Daphne (Met. I, 456–465; 481–482; 545–552). Based on detailed linguistic and stylistic analysis of these texts, I argue that Friedman did not simply adopt a pre-existing linguistic register, but rather created an original Ovidian idiom that helped to win him lasting significance in the history of Hebrew translations from classical languages.
Miguel de Luna as arbitrista
(2023)
This article deals with Miguel de Luna, a Morisco from Granada, who is most famous for his involvement in the Lead Books of Sacromonte affair. In the following pages I will, however, focus on a facet of his life that has been rather neglected. Rather than recount again his activities as translator for Arabic, I will shed light on his work as physician and claim that his medical paper on the benefits of bathing and the reopening of public baths in Granada may very well put him in league with the arbitristas, a group of intellectuals who advised the monarch in economic and financial matters.
Interfaith controversies and disputes regarding the role of reason in interpreting the Scriptures characterised scholarly discussion in the Low Countries between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The Jewish author Abraham Gómez Silveira contributed to this discussion with an eclectic body of literature. This article focuses on his Libro Mudo (Mute Book), which embodies his efforts to present the Jewish religion as the only rational one and the Christian dogma as irrational. In order to corroborate his reading, Silveira mostly bases his argumentation on non-Jewish texts. By selecting passages from the New Testaments, Christian religious commentaries as well as Qur'anic excerpts, Silveira aims to demonstrate that even non-Jewish sources prove the rationality of the Jewish theological system. The novelty of Silveira's approach consists in confuting Christian dogma by accepting the Gospels as reliable historical sources. In this argumentative structure, the Qur'an has a similar although not identical function.
The Jewish population of early modern Italy was characterised by its inner diversity, which found its expression in the coexistence of various linguistic, cultural and liturgical traditions, as well as social and economic patterns. The contributions in this volume aim to explore crucial questions concerning the self-perception and identity of early modern Italian Jews from new perspectives and angles.
1. Bölüm: Türkiye’den İsrail’e Göç Etmiş Yahudiler
Pandemi, alışkanlıklarımızda, planlarımızda, hayata bakış açımızda geri dönülemez değişiklikler yaptı. Benim payıma düşen ise uzun zamandır üzerinde çalıştığım doktora tezimin olmazsa olmaz parçası olan İsrail’de yapmayı planladığım alan araştırmasının iki sene boyunca sürekli ertelenmesi oldu. Önce aşı sırası bekledim sonra birinci ve ikinci doz arasındaki on dört günü; bu sırada en çok girdiğim internet sitesi İsrail Dışişleri Bakanlığı’nın seyahat düzenlemelerini paylaştığı sayfası oldu. Kimi zaman detaylar arasında kayboldum, bürokrasinin çarkları arasında “bu madde acaba işime yarar mı?” diye beyhude akıllar yürüttüm. Tel Aviv Üniversitesi’nden alan araştırmamın merakla desteklendiğini içeren davet mektupları aldım ama pandemi merakla desteklenen çalışmaya iki kez baskın çıktı ve vize başvurum iki kez reddedildi. Sonuç olarak 2020’nin ikinci yarısında yapmam gereken alan araştırmasını 2022 yılının Şubat ayına kadar ertelenmek zorunda kaldım.
Wir Mendes
(2022)
Frankfurt an der Oder verfügte einst über blühendes jüdisches Leben. Es gab jüdische Geschäfte und Bankhäuser, ein jüdisches Kinderheim und Krankenhaus, Synagogen und Mikwen sowie einen großen jüdischen Friedhof. Die Geschichte der Bankiersfamilie Mende, die 30 Jahre lang in einem Haus am Lennépark in der Halben Stadt lebte, steht symbolisch für die Zeit des liberalen deutsch-jüdischen Bürgertums an der Schwelle zum 20. Jahrhundert und gibt uns einen Einblick in ihren Alltag und ihr häusliches Leben.
Die Zeugnisse von Max Bamberger und Käthe Mende dokumentieren die schweren ersten Jahre im 17. Jahrhundert als Neuankömmlinge in Frankfurt an der Oder, die Auswirkungen der Aufklärung, die spannende Zeit der Industrialisierung und die Wirren des Ersten Weltkrieges. Auch gewinnen wir Aufschluss über die Zeit der Shoah, durch die deutsch-jüdisches Leben ein jähes Ende finden sollte. Nicht zuletzt stellen die Memoiren von Max Bamberger und Käthe Mende einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Frankfurter Stadtgeschichte dar, die — versehen mit vielen amüsanten Anekdoten — überdies äußerst unterhaltsam sind.
Die Grundlage dafür bildeten die Familienerinnerungen der Sozialpädagogin und Nationalökonomin Käthe Mende und des Übersetzers Max Bamberger, die sich als Schreibmaschinenmanuskripte im Leo Baeck Institut für deutsch-jüdische Geschichte in New York befinden. Ergänzt werden die Berichte durch historische Einordnungen und Erläuterungen sowie eine Einführung in die Geschichte des jüdischen Frankfurts. Hervorgegangen ist die Edition aus einem langjährigen gemeinsamen Forschungsprojekt der Jüdischen Studien an der Universität Potsdam (Dr. Michael Heinzmann und Dr. Katja Martin) mit dem Institut für angewandte Geschichte – Gesellschaft und Wissenschaft im Dialog e.V. (Dr. Magdalena Abraham-Diefenbach und Dr. Markus Nesselrodt) und dem Selma Stern Zentrum für Jüdische Studien Berlin-Brandenburg, gefördert und unterstützt durch die Szloma-Albam-Stiftung.
Tod und Krise
(2021)
Der Tod wird oftmals als größtmögliche menschliche Krise wahrgenommen. Doch wie definiert sich Krise im Kontext von Tod und Sterben? Dieser Frage geht der vorliegende Sammelband im zeitlichen Rahmen des langen 19. Jahrhunderts nach, welches sich durch zahlreiche Brüche und Veränderungen im Umgang mit dem Tod und den Verstorbenen auszeichnet.
Die Beiträge sind das Ergebnis eines gleichnamigen Symposiums im Jahr 2019. Aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive thematisieren Jungforscher:innen Bestattungspraktiken im Krieg und in Seuchenzeiten, setzen sich mit Innovationen im europäischen Bestattungswesen und mit den daraus resultierenden Spannungsverhältnissen auseinander. Sie problematisieren die Repräsentationsbedürfnisse des Adels im Zusammenhang mit dem Tod und untersuchen Erinnerungskulturen sowie das bewusste Verdrängen von Todeskontexten. Hierbei wird der Fokus auf die Akteur:innen gelegt, deren Intentionen und ihr konkretes Handeln. Krisen fungieren zum einen als Motor für neue Entwicklungen. Zum anderen verdeutlichen sie bisweilen eine erstaunliche Innovationsresistenz beim Umgang mit dem Tod. Eines aber zeichnet Krisen maßgeblich aus: sie zwingen die Betroffenen zu einer Entscheidung.
2. Bölüm: Türkiye Nostaljisinin ve Sefarad Hafızasının Şehri: Batyam
“Denizin Kızı” anlamına gelen Batyam, Türkiyeli Yahudilerle ilgili yapılmış birçok çalışmada defalarca rastladığım, Tel Aviv’in güneyinde bulunan bir sahil şehri. Türkiyeli Yahudilerin 1948-1951, 1956-1957, 1961-1965 ve 1969-1972 yılları arasında gerçekleşen kitlesel göç dönemlerinden itibaren yerleşmeye başladıkları, günümüzde Rusya’dan gelen Yahudilerin de izlerinin çok net izlenebildiği bir şehir aynı zamanda[1]. Türkiye ile İsrail’i birbirine bağlayan Batyam’ın belki de en önemli özelliklerinden birisi tarihi, 1937 yılında Türkiyeli Yahudiler tarafından kurulan Irgun Ole Türkiya adlı derneğe dayanan İsrail’deki Türkiyeliler Birliği’nin (Itahdut Yotsey Turkia BeIsrael) bulunduğu şehir olması.
Nervenkrieg
(2023)