Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (59)
- Postprint (20)
- Conference Proceeding (6)
- Other (4)
- Preprint (2)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (1)
- Review (1)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (93)
Keywords
- exercise (10)
- doping (8)
- Neuroenhancement (6)
- affect (6)
- motivation (6)
- physical activity (5)
- EEG/ERP (4)
- Motivation (4)
- Physical activity (4)
- automatic evaluations (4)
- cognitive enhancement (4)
- Adolescents (3)
- BIAT (3)
- Doping (3)
- Dual-process (3)
- Self-control (3)
- associations (3)
- attitude (3)
- deception (3)
- dropout (3)
- exercise adherence (3)
- faking (3)
- implicit association test (IAT) (3)
- prevalence information (3)
- prototype-willingness-model (3)
- social reactivity (3)
- Assessment (2)
- Attitude (2)
- Ego-depletion (2)
- Facial expression (2)
- Heart rate variability (2)
- Implicit association test (IAT) (2)
- Mental disorders (2)
- MoVo (2)
- Prevention (2)
- School (2)
- Somatic (2)
- Stress (2)
- Stroop effect (2)
- anti-doping (2)
- automatic facial expression analysis (2)
- behavior (2)
- behavioral and self-report measures (2)
- behavioral reasoning (2)
- drug instrumentalization (2)
- dual-process models (2)
- emotion (2)
- evaluative priming (2)
- eye-tracking (2)
- feelings (2)
- fitness (2)
- health (2)
- indirect tests (2)
- meta-science (2)
- methods (2)
- neuroenhancement (2)
- non-addictive behavior (2)
- performance enhancement (2)
- psychoactive drugs (2)
- psychophysiological (2)
- pupil diameter (2)
- quality (2)
- recreational sport (2)
- response inhibition (2)
- right inferior frontal gyrus (2)
- self-control (2)
- situated processes (2)
- standards (2)
- study designs (2)
- user types (2)
- young adults (2)
- Accelerometry (1)
- Anti-doping (1)
- Anticipated regret (1)
- Arousal (1)
- Athlete (1)
- Automatic affective valuation (1)
- Automatic evaluation (1)
- Biochemical profiles (1)
- Bodybuilding (1)
- Cognitive control (1)
- Collective efficacy (1)
- Competitive sport (1)
- Confirmative factor analysis (1)
- Deception (1)
- Displeasure (1)
- Doping attitude (1)
- Doping tests (1)
- Drug (1)
- Dual mode theory (1)
- Dual system (1)
- Ego depletion (1)
- Eurythmy therapy (1)
- Explicit (1)
- Explizit (1)
- Factor+Analysis (1)
- Faking (1)
- Faktorenanalyse (1)
- Forced drop-out (1)
- Health behavior change (1)
- Health related quality of life (1)
- IAT (1)
- Implicit (1)
- Implicit attitude test (IAT) (1)
- Implizit (1)
- Indirect test (1)
- Initial Interview (1)
- Intervention (1)
- Item development (1)
- Job Demands Resources Theory (1)
- Jordan (1)
- Mental disease (1)
- Mental disorder (1)
- Mental health (1)
- Methodology (1)
- Mind-body-therapy (1)
- Physical exercise (1)
- Pleasure (1)
- Prevalence (1)
- Prohibited performance enhancement (1)
- Psychology (1)
- Psychophysiology (1)
- Referees' Decisions (1)
- Refficacy (1)
- Schiedsrichterentscheidungen (1)
- Selbstkontrolle (1)
- Selbstwirksamkeit (1)
- Self-assessment manikin (SAM) (1)
- Self-efficacy (1)
- Self-regulatory efficacy (1)
- Single sample count (1)
- Social cognitive theory (1)
- Social norms (1)
- Sport Psychology (1)
- Steroid use (1)
- Trait-State Interaction Model (1)
- Valence (1)
- Ventilatory threshold (1)
- Zwei-System-Theorien (1)
- accelerometry (1)
- acceptance (1)
- activities of daily living (1)
- adolescents (1)
- affect misattribution procedure (1)
- affective intervention (1)
- affective priming (1)
- antidoping (1)
- applied sport psychology (1)
- association test (1)
- attitudes (1)
- automatic processes (1)
- automaticity (1)
- being-in-the-world (1)
- biochemical profiles (1)
- bodybuilding (1)
- burnout (1)
- cognitive control (1)
- competitive sports (1)
- competitive state anxiety (1)
- competitive trait anxiety (1)
- doping attitude (1)
- doping tests (1)
- dual mode model (1)
- dual processing (1)
- ecological momentary assessment (1)
- effect evaluation (1)
- ego depletion (1)
- emotions (1)
- enjoyment (1)
- exercise behavior (1)
- existential philosophy (1)
- habit (1)
- health behavior (1)
- health-related cognition (1)
- implicit (1)
- implicit attitude test (IAT) (1)
- indirect test (1)
- interindividual differences (1)
- lockdown (1)
- means of measurement (1)
- measurement (1)
- metaanalysis (1)
- methodology (1)
- mindfulness (1)
- mood (1)
- mood states (1)
- orientation to stakeholders (1)
- performance (1)
- physical activity questionnaires (1)
- physical activity; (1)
- physical inactivity (1)
- predictive-validity (1)
- profile of (1)
- psychological skills training (1)
- psychology (1)
- quality management (1)
- reflective processes (1)
- regulation (1)
- response error (1)
- school (1)
- social cognition (1)
- sport (1)
- steroid use (1)
- stress (1)
- students (1)
- study demands (1)
- subliminal priming (1)
- symptom validity tests (1)
- training program (1)
- worldmaking (1)
- youth sport (1)
Institute
Involvement in sport and exercise not only provides participants with health benefits but can be an important aspect of living a meaningful life. The COVID-19 pandemic and the temporary cessation of public life in March/April/May 2020 came with restrictions, which probably also made it difficult, if not impossible, to participate in certain types of sport or exercise. Following the philosophical position that different types of sport and exercise offer different ways of "relating to the world," this study explored (dis)continuity in the type of sport and exercise people practiced during the pandemic-related lockdown, and possible effects on mood. Data from a survey of 601 adult exercisers, collected shortly after the COVID-19 outbreak in Finland, were analyzed. Approximately one third (35%) of the participants changed their "worldmaking" and shifted to "I-Nature"-type activities. We observed worse mood during the pandemic in those who shifted from "I-Me," compared to those who had preferred the "I-Nature" relation already before the pandemic and thus experienced continuity. The clouded mood of those experiencing discontinuity may be the result of a temporary loss of "feeling at home" in their new exercise life-world. However, further empirical investigation must follow, because the observed effect sizes were small.
Exercise or not?
(2023)
Objective: Individuals’ decisions to engage in exercise are often the result of in-the-moment choices between exercise and a competing behavioral alternative. The purpose of this study was to investigate processes that occur in-the-moment (i.e., situated processes) when individuals are faced with the choice between exercise and a behavioral alternative during a computerized task. These were analyzed against the background of interindividual differences in individuals’ automatic valuation and controlled evaluation of exercise.
Method: In a behavioral alternatives task 101 participants were asked whether they would rather choose an exercise option or a behavioral alternative in 25 trials. Participants’ gaze behavior (first gaze and fixations) was recorded using eye-tracking. An exercise-specific affect misattribution procedure (AMP) was used to assess participants’ automatic valuation of exercise before the task. After the task, self-reported feelings towards exercise (controlled evaluation) and usual weekly exercise volume were assessed. Mixed effects models with random effects for subjects and trials were used for data analysis.
Results: Choosing exercise was positively correlated with individuals’ automatic valuation (r = 0.20, p = 0.05), controlled evaluation (r = 0.58, p < 0.001), and their weekly exercise volume (r = 0.43, p < 0.001). Participants showed no bias in their initial gaze or number of fixations towards the exercise or the non-exercise alternative. However, participants were 1.30 times more likely to fixate on the chosen alternative first and more frequently, but this gaze behavior was not related to individuals’ automatic valuation, controlled evaluation, or weekly exercise volume.
Conclusion: The results suggest that situated processes arising from defined behavioral alternatives may be independent of individuals’ general preferences. Despite one’s best general intention to exercise more, the choice of a non-exercise alternative behavior may seem more appealing in-the-moment and eventually be chosen. New psychological theories of health behavior change should therefore better consider the role of potentially conflicting alternatives when it comes to initiating physical activity or exercise.
Exercise or not?
(2023)
Objective: Individuals’ decisions to engage in exercise are often the result of in-the-moment choices between exercise and a competing behavioral alternative. The purpose of this study was to investigate processes that occur in-the-moment (i.e., situated processes) when individuals are faced with the choice between exercise and a behavioral alternative during a computerized task. These were analyzed against the background of interindividual differences in individuals’ automatic valuation and controlled evaluation of exercise.
Method: In a behavioral alternatives task 101 participants were asked whether they would rather choose an exercise option or a behavioral alternative in 25 trials. Participants’ gaze behavior (first gaze and fixations) was recorded using eye-tracking. An exercise-specific affect misattribution procedure (AMP) was used to assess participants’ automatic valuation of exercise before the task. After the task, self-reported feelings towards exercise (controlled evaluation) and usual weekly exercise volume were assessed. Mixed effects models with random effects for subjects and trials were used for data analysis.
Results: Choosing exercise was positively correlated with individuals’ automatic valuation (r = 0.20, p = 0.05), controlled evaluation (r = 0.58, p < 0.001), and their weekly exercise volume (r = 0.43, p < 0.001). Participants showed no bias in their initial gaze or number of fixations towards the exercise or the non-exercise alternative. However, participants were 1.30 times more likely to fixate on the chosen alternative first and more frequently, but this gaze behavior was not related to individuals’ automatic valuation, controlled evaluation, or weekly exercise volume.
Conclusion: The results suggest that situated processes arising from defined behavioral alternatives may be independent of individuals’ general preferences. Despite one’s best general intention to exercise more, the choice of a non-exercise alternative behavior may seem more appealing in-the-moment and eventually be chosen. New psychological theories of health behavior change should therefore better consider the role of potentially conflicting alternatives when it comes to initiating physical activity or exercise.
The affective response during exercise is an important factor for long-term exercise adherence. Pottratz et al. suggested affective priming as a behavioral intervention for the enhancement of exercise-related affect. The present paper aims to replicate and extend upon these findings. We conducted a close replication with 53 participants completing a brisk walking task in two conditions (prime vs. no prime). Affective valence was assessed during exercise, and exercise enjoyment and remembered/forecasted pleasure were assessed postexercise. We could not replicate the findings of Pottratz et al., finding no evidence for positive changes in psychological responses in the priming condition. However, linear mixed models demonstrated significant interindividual differences in how participants responded to priming. These results demonstrate that affective priming during exercise does not work for everyone under every circumstance and, thus, provide an important contribution to the understanding of boundary conditions and moderating factors for priming in exercise psychology.
There is an ongoing debate about how to test and operationalize self-control. This limited understanding is in large part due to a variety of different tests and measures used to assess self-control, as well as the lack of empirical studies examining the temporal dynamics during the exertion of self-control. In order to track changes that occur over the course of exposure to a self-control task, we investigate and compare behavioral, subjective, and physiological indicators during the exertion of self-control. Participants completed both a task requiring inhibitory control (Go/No-Go task) and a control task (two-choice task). Behavioral performance and pupil size were measured during the tasks. Subjective vitality was measured before and after the tasks. While pupil size and subjective vitality showed similar trajectories in the two tasks, behavioral performance decreased in the inhibitory control-demanding task, but not in the control task. However, behavioral, subjective, and physiological measures were not significantly correlated. These results suggest that there is a disconnect between different measures of self-control with high intra- and interindividual variability. Theoretical and methodological implications for self-control theory and future empirical work are discussed.
There is an ongoing debate about how to test and operationalize self-control. This limited understanding is in large part due to a variety of different tests and measures used to assess self-control, as well as the lack of empirical studies examining the temporal dynamics during the exertion of self-control. In order to track changes that occur over the course of exposure to a self-control task, we investigate and compare behavioral, subjective, and physiological indicators during the exertion of self-control. Participants completed both a task requiring inhibitory control (Go/No-Go task) and a control task (two-choice task). Behavioral performance and pupil size were measured during the tasks. Subjective vitality was measured before and after the tasks. While pupil size and subjective vitality showed similar trajectories in the two tasks, behavioral performance decreased in the inhibitory control-demanding task, but not in the control task. However, behavioral, subjective, and physiological measures were not significantly correlated. These results suggest that there is a disconnect between different measures of self-control with high intra- and interindividual variability. Theoretical and methodological implications for self-control theory and future empirical work are discussed.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of scientific endeavors. The goal of this systematic review is to evaluate the quality of the research on physical activity (PA) behavior change and its potential to contribute to policy-making processes in the early days of COVID-19 related restrictions.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of methodological quality of current research according to PRISMA guidelines using Pubmed and Web of Science, of articles on PA behavior change that were published within 365 days after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Items from the JBI checklist and the AXIS tool were used for additional risk of bias assessment. Evidence mapping is used for better visualization of the main results. Conclusions about the significance of published articles are based on hypotheses on PA behavior change in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results: Among the 1,903 identified articles, there were 36% opinion pieces, 53% empirical studies, and 9% reviews. Of the 332 studies included in the systematic review, 213 used self-report measures to recollect prepandemic behavior in often small convenience samples. Most focused changes in PA volume, whereas changes in PA types were rarely measured. The majority had methodological reporting flaws. Few had very large samples with objective measures using repeated measure design (pre and during the pandemic). In addition to the expected decline in PA duration, these studies show that many of those who were active prepandemic, continued to be active during the pandemic.
Conclusions: Research responded quickly at the onset of the pandemic. However, most of the studies lacked robust methodology, and PA behavior change data lacked the accuracy needed to guide policy makers. To improve the field, we propose the implementation of longitudinal cohort studies by larger organizations such as WHO to ease access to data on PA behavior, and suggest those institutions set clear standards for this research. Researchers need to ensure a better fit between the measurement method and the construct being measured, and use both objective and subjective measures where appropriate to complement each other and provide a comprehensive picture of PA behavior.