Refine
Year of publication
Language
- English (78)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (78)
Keywords
- individual-based model (8)
- Individual-based model (7)
- Climate change (3)
- Risk assessment (3)
- Stage-based model (3)
- biodiversity (3)
- coexistence (3)
- foraging (3)
- intraspecific trait variation (3)
- modeling (3)
- population dynamics (3)
- Apis mellifera (2)
- BEEHAVE (2)
- Biodiversity (2)
- Decision support (2)
- Folsomia candida (2)
- Land use (2)
- Model complexity (2)
- Pattern-oriented modelling (2)
- Population dynamics (2)
- Population viability analysis (2)
- Review (2)
- activity (2)
- agent-based model (2)
- animal personality (2)
- apis mellifera (2)
- behavioral plasticity (2)
- bioenergetics (2)
- colony decline (2)
- colony viability (2)
- community theory (2)
- concepts (2)
- coviability analysis (2)
- crop diversity (2)
- cropping system (2)
- decline (2)
- demographic noise (2)
- ecosystem services provisioning (2)
- ecosystems (2)
- environmental noise (2)
- feedbacks (2)
- forage availability (2)
- forage gaps (2)
- habitat connectivity (2)
- heterogeneity (2)
- honey bees (2)
- individual differences (2)
- individual-based modeling (2)
- landscape generator (2)
- management (2)
- modern coexistence theory (2)
- multiple stressors (2)
- population viability analysis (2)
- predictive systems ecology (2)
- resilience (2)
- rodents (2)
- wildlife corridors (2)
- Agent-based model (1)
- Agent-based models (1)
- Agricultural landscape (1)
- Agricultural landscape generator (1)
- Animal migration (1)
- Avoidance (1)
- Biodiversity experiments (1)
- Biodiversity theory (1)
- Birds (1)
- Boloria eunomia (1)
- Brown trout (1)
- Community model (1)
- Computational modelling (1)
- Conservation management (1)
- Conservation policy (1)
- Copper (1)
- Daphnia (1)
- Daphnia magna (1)
- Decision-making (1)
- Documentation (1)
- Dynamic Energy Budget (1)
- Dynamic energy budget theory (1)
- Eco-evolution (1)
- Eco-genetic modelling (1)
- Ecological models (1)
- Ecological risk assessment (1)
- Ecological theory (1)
- Ecological-economic modelling (1)
- Ecosystem functions and services (1)
- Ecotoxicology (1)
- Effect model (1)
- Environmental change (1)
- Environmental gradients (1)
- European brown (1)
- European lobster (1)
- Female moratorium (1)
- Field pattern (1)
- Foraging (1)
- Forecasting (1)
- Functional traits (1)
- Functional types (1)
- Generic modelling (1)
- Glacial relict species (1)
- Global change (1)
- Good modelling practice (1)
- Habitat choice (1)
- Heterogeneity (1)
- High resolution (1)
- Home range (1)
- IBM (1)
- Individual based model (1)
- Individual-based modelling (1)
- Integrated environmental modelling (1)
- Interdisciplinarity (1)
- Interdisciplinary links (1)
- L-systems (1)
- Landscape of fear (1)
- Landscape simulator (1)
- Lepus europaeus (1)
- Life cycle (1)
- Management (1)
- Marine ecology (1)
- Matrix model (1)
- Mechanistic effect models (1)
- Minimum landing size (1)
- Model analysis (1)
- Model comparison (1)
- Model development (1)
- Model structure (1)
- Model validation (1)
- Monitoring programmes (1)
- Multidimensionality (1)
- NetLogo (1)
- Neutral landscape model (1)
- Next-generation modelling (1)
- ODD (Overview, Design concepts, Details) protocol (1)
- PMoA (1)
- Pattern-oriented modeling (1)
- Persea americana (1)
- Pesticides (1)
- Physiological mode of action (1)
- Population (1)
- Population-based model (1)
- Predator-prey interactions (1)
- Process-based model (1)
- Research needs (1)
- Robustness (1)
- Sea ice (1)
- Sensitivity analysis (1)
- Shrub encroachment (1)
- Social-ecological systems (1)
- Soil ecology (1)
- Soil invertebrates (1)
- Southern Ocean (1)
- Spain (1)
- Stability properties (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Structured population model (1)
- Sub-lethal effects (1)
- TK/TD modelling (1)
- Temporal grain (1)
- Terminology (1)
- Trait-based approach (1)
- Understanding (1)
- Varroa destructor (1)
- Yield per recruit (YPR) (1)
- Yodzis-Innes (1)
- agent-based modelling (1)
- agent-based models (1)
- agriculture (1)
- animal behavior (1)
- animal movement (1)
- asymmetry (1)
- bilinear interpolation (1)
- carbon allocation (1)
- carrion resources (1)
- climate change (1)
- community assembly (1)
- community cytometry (1)
- competition (1)
- competitive ability (1)
- complexity (1)
- connectivity (1)
- corridors (1)
- cross-level interactions (1)
- density dependence (1)
- dispersal success (1)
- disturbance intensity (1)
- disturbance type (1)
- dynamic energy budget (1)
- dynamic energy budget theory (1)
- ecological risk assessment (1)
- ecology (1)
- ecotoxicology (1)
- energy budget (1)
- error avoidance (1)
- extinction (1)
- fitness-maximization (1)
- food structuring (1)
- functional-structural plant model (1)
- global change (1)
- group-living (1)
- habitat suitability models (1)
- hare (1)
- individual-based (1)
- individual-based models (1)
- integrated model (1)
- integrative modelling framework (1)
- invariability (1)
- land use (1)
- land-use change (1)
- large marsh grasshopper (1)
- life history (1)
- metabolic scaling theory (1)
- metacommunity assembly (1)
- microbial (1)
- microbial ecology (1)
- migration (1)
- mitigation measures (1)
- model (1)
- model analysis (1)
- model description (1)
- model development (1)
- model validation (1)
- model verification (1)
- modelling (1)
- modest approach (1)
- movement (1)
- multi-agent simulation (1)
- ontogenetic symmetry (1)
- pace-of-life syndrome (1)
- persistence (1)
- personality (1)
- physiological mode of action (1)
- plant architecture (1)
- plant population and community dynamics (1)
- plant-plant interaction (1)
- polar environment (1)
- prediction (1)
- pulsed resources (1)
- recovery (1)
- reproduction test (1)
- resistance (1)
- review (1)
- scientific communication (1)
- sea turtle (1)
- self-thinning (1)
- single-cell analytics (1)
- sociality (1)
- spatial pattern (1)
- spatially and temporally explicit modelling macroecology (1)
- spatially explicit model (1)
- stability (1)
- standardization (1)
- stress-gradient hypothesis (1)
- symmetry (1)
- trait (1)
- variation (1)
- vultures (1)
Non-consumptive effects of predators within ecosystems can alter the behavior of individual prey species, and have cascading effects on other trophic levels. In this context, an understanding of non-consumptive predator effects on the whole prey community is crucial for predicting community structure and composition, hence biodiversity patterns. We used an individual-based, spatially-explicit modelling approach to investigate the consequences of landscapes of fear on prey community metrics. The model spans multiple hierarchical levels from individual home range formation based on food availability and perceived predation risk to consequences on prey community structure and composition. This mechanistic approach allowed us to explore how important factors such as refuge availability and foraging strategy under fear affect prey community metrics. Fear of predators affected prey space use, such as home range formation. These adaptations had broader consequences for the community leading to changes in community structure and composition. The strength of community responses to perceived predation risk was driven by refuge availability in the landscape and the foraging strategy of prey animals. Low refuge availability in the landscape strongly decreased diversity and total biomass of prey communities. Additionally, body mass distributions in prey communities facing high predation risk were shifted towards small prey animals. With increasing refuge availability the consequences of non-consumptive predator effects were reduced, diversity and total biomass of the prey community increased. Prey foraging strategies affected community composition. Under medium refuge availability, risk-averse prey communities consisted of many small animals while risk-taking prey communities showed a more even body mass distribution. Our findings reveal that non-consumptive predator effects can have important implications for prey community diversity and should therefore be considered in the context of conservation and nature management.
Competition is a key process in plant populations and communities. We thus need, if we are to predict the responses of ecological systems to environmental change, a comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of plant competition. Considering competition, however, only at the population level is not sufficient because plant individuals usually are different, interact locally, and can adapt their behaviour to the current state of themselves and of their biotic and abiotic environment. Therefore, simulation models that are individual-based and spatially explicit are increasingly used for studying competition in plant systems. Many different individual-based modelling approaches exist to represent competition, but it is not clear how good they are in reflecting essential aspects of plant competition. We therefore first summarize current concepts and theories addressing plant competition. Then, we review individual-based approaches for modelling competition among plants. We distinguish between approaches that are used for more than 10 years and more recent ones. We identify three major gaps that need to be addressed more in the future: the effects of plants on their local environment, adaptive behaviour, and below-ground competition. To fill these gaps, the representation of plants and their interactions have to be more mechanistic than most existing approaches. Developing such new approaches is a challenge because they are likely to be more complex and to require more detailed knowledge and data on individual-level processes underlying competition. We thus need a more integrated research strategy for the future, where empirical and theoretical ecologists as well as computer scientists work together on formulating, implementing, parameterization, testing, comparing, and selecting the new approaches. (c) 2008 Rubel Foundation, ETH Zurich. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Developments of future scenarios of Antarctic ecosystems are still in their infancy, whilst predictions of the physical environment are recognized as being of global relevance and corresponding models are under continuous development. However, in the context of environmental change simulations of the future of the Antarctic biosphere are increasingly demanded by decision makers and the public, and are of fundamental scientific interest. This paper briefly reviews existing predictive models applied to Antarctic ecosystems before providing a conceptual framework for the further development of spatially and temporally explicit ecosystem models. The concept suggests how to improve approaches to relating species' habitat description to the physical environment, for which a case study on sea urchins is presented. In addition, the concept integrates existing and new ideas to consider dynamic components, particularly information on the natural history of key species, from physiological experiments and biomolecular analyses. Thereby, we identify and critically discuss gaps in knowledge and methodological limitations. These refer to process understanding of biological complexity, the need for high spatial resolution oceanographic data from the entire water column, and the use of data from biomolecular analyses in support of such ecological approaches. Our goal is to motivate the research community to contribute data and knowledge to a holistic, Antarctic-specific, macroecological framework. Such a framework will facilitate the integration of theoretical and empirical work in Antarctica, improving our mechanistic understanding of this globally influential ecoregion, and supporting actions to secure this biodiversity hotspot and its ecosystem services.
Current environmental risk assessment (ERA) of chemicals for aquatic invertebrates relies on standardized laboratory tests in which toxicity effects on individual survival, growth and reproduction are measured. Such tests determine the threshold concentration of a chemical below which no population-level effects are expected. How well this procedure captures effects on individuals and populations, however, remains an open question. Here we used mechanistic effect models, combining individual-level reproduction and survival models with an individual-based population model (IBM), to understand the individuals' responses and extrapolate them to the population level. We used a toxicant (Dispersogen A) for which adverse effects on laboratory populations were detected at the determined threshold concentration and thus challenged the conservatism of the current risk assessment method. Multiple toxicity effects on reproduction and survival were reported, in addition to effects on the F1 generation. We extrapolated commonly tested individual toxicity endpoints, reproduction and survival, to the population level using the IBM. Effects on reproduction were described via regression models. To select the most appropriate survival model, the IBM was run assuming either stochastic death (SD) or individual tolerance (IT). Simulations were run for different scenarios regarding the toxicant's effects: survival toxicity, reproductive toxicity, or survival and reproductive toxicity. As population-level endpoints, we used population size and structure and extinction risk. We found that survival represented as SD explained population dynamics better than IT. Integrating toxicity effects on both reproduction and survival yielded more accurate predictions of population effects than considering isolated effects. To fully capture population effects observed at high toxicant concentrations, toxicity effects transmitted to the F1 generation had to be integrated. Predicted extinction risk was highly sensitive to the assumptions about individual-level effects. Our results demonstrate that the endpoints used in current standard tests may not be sufficient for assessing the risk of adverse effects on populations. A combination of laboratory population experiments with mechanistic effect models is a powerful tool to better understand and predict effects on both individuals and populations. Mechanistic effect modelling thus holds great potential to improve the accuracy of ERA of chemicals in the future. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Terrestrial environmental systems are characterised by numerous feedback links between their different compartments. However, scientific research is organized into disciplines that focus on processes within the respective compartments rather than on interdisciplinary links. Major feedback mechanisms between compartments might therefore have been systematically overlooked so far. Without identifying these gaps, initiatives on future comprehensive environmental monitoring schemes and experimental platforms might fail. We performed a comprehensive overview of feedbacks between compartments currently represented in environmental sciences and explores to what degree missing links have already been acknowledged in the literature. We focused on process models as they can be regarded as repositories of scientific knowledge that compile findings of numerous single studies. In total, 118 simulation models from 23 model types were analysed. Missing processes linking different environmental compartments were identified based on a meta-review of 346 published reviews, model inter-comparison studies, and model descriptions. Eight disciplines of environmental sciences were considered and 396 linking processes were identified and ascribed to the physical, chemical or biological domain. There were significant differences between model types and scientific disciplines regarding implemented interdisciplinary links. The most wide-spread interdisciplinary links were between physical processes in meteorology, hydrology and soil science that drive or set the boundary conditions for other processes (e.g., ecological processes). In contrast, most chemical and biological processes were restricted to links within the same compartment. Integration of multiple environmental compartments and interdisciplinary knowledge was scarce in most model types. There was a strong bias of suggested future research foci and model extensions towards reinforcing existing interdisciplinary knowledge rather than to open up new interdisciplinary pathways. No clear pattern across disciplines exists with respect to suggested future research efforts. There is no evidence that environmental research would clearly converge towards more integrated approaches or towards an overarching environmental systems theory. (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Facilitation (positive interaction) has received increasing attention in plant ecology over the last decade. Just as for competition, distinguishing different modes of facilitation (mutualistic, commensal or even antagonistic) may be crucial. We therefore introduce the new concept of symmetric versus asymmetric facilitation and present a generic individual-based zone-of-influence model. The model simultaneously implements different modes of both facilitation and competition among individual plants via their overlapping zone of influence. Because we consider facilitation modes as a continuum related to environmental context, we integrated this concept with the stress-gradient hypothesis (SGH) by exploring differences in spatial pattern formation in self-thinning plants along a stress gradient in our model. The interplay among modes of interaction creates distinctly varied spatial patterns along stress gradients. When competition was symmetric, symmetric facilitation (mutualism) consistently led to plant aggregation along stress gradients. However, asymmetric facilitation (commensalism) produces plant aggregation only under more benign conditions but tends to intensify local competition and spatial segregation when conditions are harsh. When competition was completely asymmetric, different modes of facilitation contributed little to spatial aggregation. Symmetric facilitation significantly increased survival at the severe end of the stress gradient, which supports the claim of the SGH that facilitation should have generally positive net effects on plants under high stress levels. Asymmetric facilitation, however, was found to increase survival only under intermediate stress conditions, which contradicts the current predictions of the SGH. Synthesis. Our modelling study demonstrates that the interplay between modes of facilitation and competition affects different aspects of plant populations and communities, implying context-dependent outcomes and consequences. The explicit consideration of the modes and mechanisms of interactions (both facilitation and competition) and the nature of stress factors will help to extend the framework of the SGH and foster research on facilitation in plant ecology.
Animal personality may affect an animal’s mobility in a given landscape, influencing its propensity to take risks in an unknown environment. We investigated the mobility of translocated common voles in two corridor systems 60 m in length and differing in width (1 m and 3 m). Voles were behaviorally phenotyped in repeated open field and barrier tests. Observed behavioral traits were highly repeatable and described by a continuous personality score. Subsequently, animals were tracked via an automated very high frequency (VHF) telemetry radio tracking system to monitor their movement patterns in the corridor system. Although personality did not explain movement patterns, corridor width determined the amount of time spent in the habitat corridor. Voles in the narrow corridor system entered the corridor faster and spent less time in the corridor than animals in the wide corridor. Thus, landscape features seem to affect movement patterns more strongly than personality. Meanwhile, site characteristics, such as corridor width, could prove to be highly important when designing corridors for conservation, with narrow corridors facilitating faster movement through landscapes than wider corridors.
Animal personality may affect an animal’s mobility in a given landscape, influencing its propensity to take risks in an unknown environment. We investigated the mobility of translocated common voles in two corridor systems 60 m in length and differing in width (1 m and 3 m). Voles were behaviorally phenotyped in repeated open field and barrier tests. Observed behavioral traits were highly repeatable and described by a continuous personality score. Subsequently, animals were tracked via an automated very high frequency (VHF) telemetry radio tracking system to monitor their movement patterns in the corridor system. Although personality did not explain movement patterns, corridor width determined the amount of time spent in the habitat corridor. Voles in the narrow corridor system entered the corridor faster and spent less time in the corridor than animals in the wide corridor. Thus, landscape features seem to affect movement patterns more strongly than personality. Meanwhile, site characteristics, such as corridor width, could prove to be highly important when designing corridors for conservation, with narrow corridors facilitating faster movement through landscapes than wider corridors.
Ecological buffering mechanisms in savannas : a unifying theory of long-term tree-grass coexistence
(2000)
Editorial
(2020)