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Institute
- Fachgruppe Politik- & Verwaltungswissenschaft (43)
- Fachgruppe Betriebswirtschaftslehre (33)
- Öffentliches Recht (32)
- Extern (24)
- Historisches Institut (24)
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (24)
- Bürgerliches Recht (23)
- Fachgruppe Volkswirtschaftslehre (22)
- Fachgruppe Soziologie (19)
- Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH (18)
While the Indonesian higher education has been growing rapidly, poor student mental health including a high level of mental health shame is a cause for concern in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate their mental health, shame, and self-compassion.
One hundred fifty six participants completed self-report measures regarding mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and stress), mental health shame (negative attitudes, and external, internal, and reflected shame), and self-compassion.
Data were first compared with 145 U.K. students, then correlation and regression analyses were performed.
Indonesian students showed higher levels of mental health problems, family-related mental health shame, and self-compassion than U.K. students. Each type of mental health problem and mental health shame were positively associated with each other. Self-compassion was negatively associated with mental health problems, but not with mental health shame. Self-compassion was consistently the strongest predictor of mental health problems.
Among the mental health shame types, only family external shame predicted the level of depression.
Self-compassion training and mental health education for their family are recommended to protect the mental health of university students in Indonesia.
Durch die Covid-19-Pandemie und den Ukraine- Krieg sind den Kommunen erhebliche finanzielle Mehrbelastungen in Form von zusätzlichen Aufwendungen und Mindererträgen entstanden. Das Land NRW hatte daher mit dem „Gesetz zur Isolierung der aus der Covid-19-Pandemie folgenden Belastungen der kommunalen Haushalte im Land Nordrhein-Westfalen (NKF-COVID-19- Isolierungsgesetz – NKF-CIG)“ vom 29. September 2020 beschlossen, befristet die Aufstellung der Haushalte zu erleichtern und finanzielle Mehrbelastungen bilanziell zu „isolieren“. Mit dem ersten Änderungsgesetz vom 1. Dezember 2021 wurden die Regelungen überarbeitet und der Geltungszeitraum verlängert. Mit dem zweiten Änderungsgesetz vom 9. Dezember 2022 erfolgte eine sachliche und zeitliche Erweiterung. Gleichzeitig wurde das Gesetz umbenannt, um die sachliche Erweiterung um die finanziellen Mehrbelastungen aus dem Ukraine-Krieg zu verdeutlichen (NKF-CUIG). Unser Positionspapier setzt sich in einem ersten Schritt kritisch mit der bilanziellen „Isolierung“ dieser finanziellen Mehrbelastungen mittels Bilanzierungshilfe auseinander und identifiziert sowohl die Herausforderungen bei der genauen Bestimmung dieser finanziellen Mehrbelastungen als auch die Anwendungsprobleme bei der Bildung, dem Ausweis und der Bewertung dieser Bilanzierungshilfe im kommunalen Jahresabschluss. In einem zweiten Schritt werden die Auswirkungen der Bilanzierung einer solchen Bilanzierungshilfe auf die Prüfung des Jahresabschlusses eingehend untersucht und kritisch diskutiert. In einem dritten Schritt wird eine rechtspolitische Bewertung des NKF-CUIG vorgenommen. Zusammenfassend ist festzuhalten, dass eine „Hilfe“, wie sie der Begriff der Bilanzierungshilfe im pragmatischen Sprachgebrauch suggeriert, in keiner Weise festzustellen ist. Auch in Zukunft ist mit Situationen zu rechnen, die der Covid-Pandemie und dem Ukraine-Krieg vergleichbar sind. Auch dann könnten finanzielle Mehrbelastungen die rechtliche Handlungsfähigkeit der Kommunen gefährden. Um diese zu erhalten, sollten vom Landesgesetzgeber jedoch andere Maßnahmen als die Aktivierung einer Bilanzierungshilfe in Betracht gezogen werden. Die alternativen Maßnahmen sollten einerseits den Besonderheiten der historischen Situation und dem Ziel des Erhalts der rechtlichen Handlungsfähigkeit der Kommunen gerecht werden. Sie sollten gleichzeitig aber auch Systembrüche in der Doppik und im Haushaltsrecht sowie unnötige Bürokratielasten vermeiden.
Die Universität Potsdam positioniert sich als Hochschule im digitalen Zeitalter mit dem Ziel, den umfassenden Einsatz von digitalen Medien in Lehre und Studium als gelebte Lehr-, Lern- und Prüfungskultur für alle Studierenden, Lehrenden und Mitarbeitenden zu verwirklichen.
Aufbauend auf den Erfahrungen und Vorarbeiten der letzten Jahre, wie der Bestandsaufnahme E-Learning sowie von früheren Strategien und Leitbildern, mit denen digitale Medien zunehmend in Lehre und Studium integriert wurden, verfügt die Universität Potsdam über eine starke Ausgangsposition im Bereich der digitalen Lehre. Daher zielt die aktuelle E-Learning-Strategie (2023–2028) auf die Weiterentwicklung und Verstetigung dieser Ansätze. Sie identifiziert dabei sechs zentrale Handlungsfelder: "Austausch und Vernetzung", "Content", "Innovation und Verstetigung", "Medienkompetenz", "Qualitätsentwicklung" und "UP und die Welt".
Die Strategie wurde im Rahmen eines partizipativen Prozesses entwickelt, der von der E-Learning-Steuerungsgruppe koordiniert und von Vertreter*innen aus allen Bereichen und allen Statusgruppen der Universität unterstützt wurde. Sie wurde in der 319. Sitzung des Senats am 5. Juli 2023 beschlossen und mit redaktionellen Änderungen 2024 veröffentlicht.
Climate change, driven by increasing atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), presents a significant societal challenge for the 21st century. Biotechnological approaches for microbial production of commodity chemicals and fuels offer possible solutions to re-fix CO2 from the atmosphere, thereby mitigating carbon emissions and contributing to a sustainable carbon-economy in the future. Biological CO2 fixation is also at the heart of agricultural productivity, where photosynthesis and the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle present promising biotechnological targets for crop improvement.
Synthetic biology allows testing metabolic solutions not known to exist in nature, which may exceed their natural counterparts in terms of efficiency. In this thesis, I explore the design of such new-to-nature metabolic pathways for biological CO2 utilization and their implementation in living cells (in vivo).
In the first chapter, I describe the development of a metabolic pathway that enables intracellular conversion of CO2 to formate, giving access to highly efficient carbon fixation routes. In nature, CO2-reduction remains restricted to anaerobic organisms and low redox potentials. Here, we introduce the “CORE cycle”, a synthetic metabolic pathway that converts CO2 to formate under fully aerobic conditions and ambient CO2 levels, using only NADPH as a reductant. We leverage this synthetic, ATP-energized pathway to overcome the thermodynamic and kinetic barriers associated with CO2-reduction. Applying rational metabolic engineering and adaptive evolution, this work demonstrates that Escherichia coli can utilize ambient CO2 as the sole source of one-carbon units and serine, achieving a first step towards novel modes of synthetic autotrophy. We further apply computational modeling to showcase the potential of the CORE cycle as a photorespiratory bypass for enhancing photosynthesis.
In the second chapter, I describe the development of the “LCM module”, a novel metabolic route for CO2-incorporating conversion of acetyl-CoA to pyruvate. This route relies on the newly uncovered, promiscuous activity of an adenosylcobalamin (B12)-dependent enzyme, which we significantly optimize through targeted hypermutation and in vivo selection strategies. The LCM module provides a shorter and more efficient pathway for acetyl-CoA assimilation compared to natural routes, offering novel opportunities for synthetic CO2 fixation.
Overall, through theoretical pathway analysis, enzyme bioprospecting, and modular metabolic engineering in E. coli, this thesis expands the solution space for biological CO2 fixation.
Terrestrial landscape dynamics are dominated by the production, mobilisation, transfer and deposition of sediment. Numerous chemical elements are carried by sediments, making them a key component for ecological processes, as soil constitution and thus plants and animal ecosystems depends on them, and by extension the human species. They are also essential for climate evolution and regulation as marine sedimentation acts as a carbon sink. However, the processes at the origin of their production, mobilisation, transfer can occur suddenly with high-energy content – such as volcanic eruption, mass wasting or flooding events and wildfires – shaking ecosystems and shaping landforms. Besides, in the last era, the human species has shown its ability to disturb landscape dynamics and change sediments cycles. Thus, there is a need for predictive understanding of the processes involved. This relies on un-derstanding of the mechanisms of key processes and their controls, and knowledge of the state and evolution of the Earth’s surface. Classic approaches to these challenges include empirical observations and numerical modeling of geochemical fluxes and surface processes, as well as the study of terrestrial sedimentary archives to better understand the parameters at stake in landscape dynamics and climate changes and the different actions and retroactions between the production, mobilisation, transfer and deposition of sediments which ultimately shape landscapes. Environmental seismology complements these approaches.
Environmental seismology is the science topic investigating the source functions and propagation properties of seismic vibrations triggered by processes happening at or near the Earth’s surface, below and above it - cryosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, human habitat, biosphere, etc., to obtain insight into all these physical processes. Indeed, from mass wasting event to rivers, from wild species to hu-man, all these processes are generating seismic waves. Environmental seismology is a rather recent field, with new branches rapidly expanding and at various stages of scientific progress. This thesis is motivated by the goal of learning more on two major natural process hazards (river bedload transport and mass wasting) as well as on human-generated acoustic hazard, while covering the axis of funda-mental research progression, from data exploration and method and theory development to proof of concept, with the twin aims of developing a better understanding of the operation of these specific processes, and of advancing the methods we have at our disposal to study them.
First, I provide a benchmark for assessment of the reliability of existing seismic bedload model inver-sion to retrieve bedload flux from seismic data. Bedload flux measurements are essential to better understand river dynamics, and this can be achieved with environmental seismology. However, due to a lack of well-constrained validation data, the accuracy of the resulting inversions is unknown. I address this gap in Chapter 2.2, reporting a seismic field experiment, and comparing the results to high-quality independent bedload measurements to constrain a seismic bedload model. The study shows that the quality of bedload flux estimates from seismic data strongly depends on the quality of the input data for the model. Direct measurements of relevant parameters, chiefly seismic ground proper-ties needed for the Green's function and the grain size distribution of the moving bedload, considerably improve the model quality over generic approaches using empirical or theoretical functions. I also pro-vide a numerical tool to facilitate the use of water turbulence and bedload seismic inversion models: seismic models for bedload flux and water turbulence require painstaking work to constrain parame-ters describing the ground properties by active seismic study or analysis of passive seismic data, and the grain size distribution via independent measurements. Reasonable predictions can be achieved by using a Monte Carlo approach to optimize the free parameters with respect to the target parameters. The validation of the tool, in Chapter 2.3, with independent measurements of water depth and bedload flux at a study site on the Eshtemoa river in Israël makes it available for reliable use at other sites. The work reported in this chapter has been published in Lagarde et al. 2021 and Dietze et al. 2019b.
In a second study, reported in Chapter 3, I investigate the formation of a failure plane prior to a rock-slide. A better understanding of the dynamics of the preparation phase is essential to determine the timing, volume and mobilization mechanism of a rock slope failure, and this can be achieved with envi-ronmental seismology. I take advantage of a network of seismic stations close to an instable slope recording cracking signals prior to the slope failure, and use a machine learning technique based on hidden Markov models to isolate these signals from the seismic data, retrieving the cumulative number of cracking events in a period of 20 days prior to a large rockslide and 10 days after. The trajectory of the cumulative number of cracks shifts from a rather linear shape in the two weeks prior to the rock-slide to an S-shaped development in the last 27 h before failure. I interpret this change as a switch from initial distributed cracking to localised damage accumulation in the hours prior to the failure. I develop a simple physical model to explain the temporal evolution of crack activity during the S-shape phase, revealing the importance of an internal parameter, the total crack boundary length as the dominant control parameter of failure plane evolution. This study has been published as Lagarde et al. 2023.
Third, I develop a model converting acoustic signals to seismic signals. A part of the acoustic vibrations generated on the Earth’s surface is converted to seismic signals at the ground interface. Consequently, noise pollution may be translated to slope fatigue and rock micro (or macro) fracturing resulting in a degrading effect on landforms. Moreover, this pollution can have negative impacts, such as physical, physiological as well as psychological effects on animal species. At present, the impact of seismic pol-lution generated by acoustic sources is difficult to evaluate. In Chapter 4, I improve and implement a model converting the acoustic pressure generated by a source in the atmosphere to the corresponding seismic signal for a receiver within the ground. The ground is considered to be a porous elastic medium in which wave behaviour can be approximated by the Biot-Stoll model. The model is extended for use of a temporal pressure pulse as an input, and to produce output on a plan 2D map, where the wind effect on the acoustic to seismic coupling can be reproduced. I invest extensive effort in making the model user-friendly, as the project aims at reaching a large audience, comprising, for example, geo-morphologists, biologists and sociologists. Finally, the model is subjected to synthetic testing as well as a qualitative comparison of the predicted ground particle velocity and the seismic signal of a real heli-copter flight as a source of acoustic input.
These studies advance understanding of the operation of specific natural processes in channels and on hillslopes, and bring us closer to designing functioning early warning systems for mass-wasting and flood events. This thesis also raises questions that have not been considered before, such as the con-tribution of human acoustic pollution to the seismic hum and its impact on the natural environment, or the importance of cracks in the self-development of the failure plane prior to slope. Together, these studies question general assumptions usually made regarding the triggering of mass wasting or the hillslope-channel connectivity. Beyond this, the thesis covers the axis of fundamental research progres-sion, from data exploration and method and theory development to proof of concept, and shows how in the rapidly developing field of environmental seismology, an active awareness of progress can help strengthen and accelerate general advances.
The European Alps are amongst the regions with highest glacier mass loss rates over the last decades. Under the threat of ongoing climate change, the ability to predict glacier mass balance changes for water and risk management purposes has become imperative. This raises an urgent need for reliable glacier models. The European Alps do not only host glaciers, but also numerous caves containing carbonate formations, called speleothems. Previous studies have shown that those speleothems also grew during times when the cave was covered by a warm-based glacier. In this thesis, I utilise speleothems from the European Alps as archives of local, environmental conditions related to mountain glacier evolution.
Previous studies have shown that speleothem isotope data from the Alps can be strongly affected by in-cave processes. Therefore, part of this thesis focusses on developing an isotope evolution model, which successfully reproduces differences between contemporaneous growing speleothems. The model is used to propose correction approaches for prior calcite precipitation effects on speleothem oxygen isotopes (δ18O). Applications on speleothem records from caves outside of the Alps demonstrate that corrected δ18O agrees better with other records and climate model simulations.
Existing speleothem growth histories and carbon isotope (δ13C) records from Alpine caves located at different elevations are used to infer soil vs. glacier cover and the thermal regime of the glacier over the last glacial cycle. The compatibility with glacier evolution models is statistically assessed. A general agreement between speleothem δ13C-derived information on soil vs. glacier presence and modelled glacier coverage is found. However, glacier retreat during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 seems to be underestimated by the model. Furthermore, speleothem data provides evidence of surface temperature above the freezing point which is, however, not fully reproduced by the simulations.
History of glacier cover and their thermal regime is explored for the high-elevation cave system Melchsee-Frutt in the Swiss Alps. Based on new (MIS 9b – MIS 7b, MIS 2) and available speleothem δ13C (MIS 7a – 5d) data, warm-based glacier cover is inferred for MIS 8, 7d, 6, and 2. Also a short period of cold-based ice coverage is found for early MIS 6. In a detailed multi-proxy analysis (δ18O, δ13C, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca), millennial-scale changes in the glacier-related source of the water infiltrating in the karst during MIS 8 and 7d are found and linked to Northern Hemisphere climate variability.
While speleothem records from high-elevation cave sites in the Alps exhibit huge potential for glacier reconstruction, several limitations remain, which are discussed throughout this thesis. Ultimately, recommendations are given to further leverage subglacial speleothems as an archive of glacier dynamics.
Galaxy morphology is a fossil record of how galaxies formed and evolved and can be regarded as a function of the dynamical state of a galaxy. It encodes the physical processes that dominate its evolutionary history, and is strongly aligned with physical properties like stellar mass, star formation rate and local environment. At a distance of ∼50 and 60 kpc, the Magellanic Clouds represent the nearest interacting pair of dwarf irregular galaxies to the Milky Way, rendering them an important test bed for galaxy morphology in the context of galaxy interactions and the effect of the local environment in which they reside. The Large Magellanic Cloud is classified as the prototype for Magellanic Spiral galaxies, with one prominent spiral arm, an offset bar and an inclined rotating disc while the Small Magellanic Cloud is classified as a dwarf Irregular galaxy and is known for its unstructured shape and large depth across the line–of–sight. Resolved stellar populations are powerful probes of a wide range of astrophysical phenomena, the proximity of the Magellanic Clouds allows us to resolve their stellar populations to individual stars that share coherent chemical and age distributions. The coherent properties of resolved stellar populations enable us to analyse them as a function of position within the Magellanic Clouds, offering a picture of the growth of the galaxies’ substructures over time and yielding a comprehensive view of their morphology. Furthermore, investigating the kinematics of the Magellanic Clouds offers valuable insights into their dynamics and evolutionary history. By studying the motions and velocities of stars within these galaxies, we can trace their past interactions, with the Milky Way or with each other and unravel the complex interplay of forces that have influenced the Magellanic Clouds’ formation and evolution.
In Chapter 2, the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds was employed to generate unprecedented high-resolution morphological maps of the Magellanic Clouds in the near-infrared. Utilising colour-magnitude diagrams and theoretical evolutionary models to segregate stellar populations, this approach enabled a comprehensive age tomography of the galaxies. It revealed previously uncharacterised features in their central regions at spatial resolutions of 0.13 kpc (Large Magellanic Cloud) and 0.16 kpc (Small Magellanic Cloud), the findings showcased the impact of tidal interactions on their inner regions. Notably, the study highlighted the enhanced coherent structures in the Large Magellanic Cloud, shedding light on the significant role of the recent Magellanic Clouds’ interaction 200 Myr ago in shaping many of the fine structures. The Small Magellanic Cloud revealed asymmetry in younger populations and irregularities in intermediate-age ones, pointing towards the influence of past tidal interactions.
In Chapter 3, an examination of the outskirts of the Magellanic Clouds led to the identification of new substructures through the use of near-infrared photometry from the VISTA Hemisphere Survey and multi-dimensional phase-space information from Gaia. The distances and proper motions of these substructures were investigated. This analysis revealed the impact of past Magellanic Clouds’ interactions and the influence of the Milky Way’s tidal field on the morphology and kinematics of the Magellanic Clouds. A bi-modal distance distribution was identified within the luminosity function of the red clump stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud, notably in its eastern regions, with the foreground substructure being attributed to the Magellanic Clouds’ interaction around 200 Myr ago. Furthermore, associations with the Counter Bridge and Old Bridge were uncovered through the detection of background and foreground structures in various regions of the SMC.
In chapter 4, a detailed kinematic analysis of the Small Magellanic Cloud was conducted using spectra from the European Southern Observatory Science Archive Facility. The study reveals distinct kinematics in the Wing and bar regions, attributed to interactions with the Large Magellanic Cloud and variations in star formation history. Notably, velocity disparities are observed in the bar’s young main sequence stars, aligning with specific star-forming episodes, and suggesting potential galactic stretching or tidal stripping, as corroborated by proper motion studies.
As followers are becoming more educated and better connected, empowering leadership has gained traction in recent times as an alternative to traditional top-down models of leadership. Several scholars have investigated the relationship between empowering leadership and other variables in different contexts. As most previous studies have focused on the positive aspects of empowering leadership, research on its potential dark side is scarce. Furthermore, no previous study has examined whether and how the transfer of workload from followers to leaders can occur over time, which I proposed can lead to emotional exhaustion and work-family conflict among leaders. Therefore, I proposed that despite the positive outcomes of empowering leadership for both followers and leaders, it may also trigger negative outcomes capable of affecting the well-being of leaders. Drawing on the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, Job Demand-Resources (JD-R) theory, and Too-Much-of-a-Good-Thing (TMGT) effect model, I investigated this idea. Using follower workload as a moderator, I proposed that the relationship between empowering leadership and leader workload is positive when follower workload is high and negative when follower workload is low. In addition, I examined how empowering leadership interacts with follower workload to affect leader emotional exhaustion and work-family conflict, mediated by leader workload. I proposed that this interaction results in a negative relationship between empowering leadership and both outcomes when follower workload is low, and a positive relationship when it is high.
I tested these hypotheses using data from a three-wave time-lagged design field study with 65 leader-follower dyads consisting of civil servants from different administrative entities of India and Pakistan. The time lag between each study variable was four weeks. At Time 1 (T1), followers answered questions about demographic characteristics, virtual interaction with their leaders, their workload, and the extent to which their leaders practice empowering leadership. At the same time, leaders answered questions about demographic characteristics and their job satisfaction. At Time 2 (T2), leaders provided data on their own workload. Finally, at Time 3 (T3), leaders rated their emotional exhaustion and work-family conflict. A moderated mediation model was tested using PROCESS Model 7 in R. The findings of the study reveal that a significant increase in follower workload through empowering leadership will also increase the leader's workload. Consequently, this increased leader workload leads to a crossover of this interactive effect onto the level of emotional exhaustion and work-family conflict experienced by leaders.
This research offers various contributions to the leadership literature. While empowering leadership has been commonly associated with positive outcomes, my study reveals that it can also lead to negative outcomes. In addition, it shifts the focus of existing research from the effect of empowering leadership on followers to the consequences that it might have for leaders themselves. Overall, my research underscores the need for leaders to consider the potential counterproductive effects of empowering leadership and tailor their approach accordingly.