Refine
Author
- Bald, Ilko (15)
- Lendlein, Andreas (15)
- Schlaad, Helmut (15)
- Böker, Alexander (14)
- Kelling, Alexandra (14)
- Koetz, Joachim (14)
- Saalfrank, Peter (14)
- Schilde, Uwe (14)
- Laschewsky, Andre (9)
- Wessig, Pablo (9)
- Holdt, Hans-Jürgen (7)
- Kratz, Karl (7)
- Linker, Torsten (7)
- Prinz, Julia (7)
- Schmidt, Bernd (7)
- Kleinpeter, Erich (6)
- Kumke, Michael Uwe (6)
- Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd (6)
- Ehlert, Christopher (5)
- Möller, Heiko Michael (5)
- Prietzel, Claudia Christina (5)
- Riebe, Daniel (5)
- Schulz, Burkhard (5)
- Behrends, Nicole (4)
- Beitz, Toralf (4)
- Eisold, Ursula (4)
- Hildebrand, Viet (4)
- Körzdörfer, Thomas (4)
- Liebig, Ferenc (4)
- Megow, Jörg (4)
- Mondal, Suvendu Sekhar (4)
- Müller-Buschbaum, Peter (4)
- Pacholski, Claudia (4)
- Papadakis, Christine M. (4)
- Strauch, Peter (4)
- Wischerhoff, Erik (4)
- Brosnan, Sarah M. (3)
- Cywiński, Piotr J. (3)
- Doriti, Afroditi (3)
- Ellerik, Lisa (3)
- Heck, Christian (3)
- Heydenreich, Matthias (3)
- Hille, Carsten (3)
- Janiak, Christoph (3)
- Koch, Andreas (3)
- Kovach, Ildiko (3)
- Lippitz, Andreas (3)
- Loncaric, Ivor (3)
- Meiling, Till Thomas (3)
- Merk, Virginia (3)
- Nöchel, Ulrich (3)
- Olejko, Lydia (3)
- Rumschöttel, Jens (3)
- Sarhan, Radwan Mohamed (3)
- Schöne, Anne-Christin (3)
- Steeples, Elliot (3)
- Tiersch, Brigitte (3)
- Titov, Evgenii (3)
- Umbreen, Sumaira (3)
- Unger, Wolfgang E. S. (3)
- Weidner, Steffen M. (3)
- Winter, Alette (3)
- Wirth, Jonas (3)
- Wolf, Felix (3)
- Zühlke, Martin (3)
- Agarwal, Vivechana (2)
- Alducin, Maite (2)
- Babalola, Jonathan Oyebamiji (2)
- Balderas-Valadez, Ruth Fabiola (2)
- Baranac-Stojanovic, Marija (2)
- Behnke, Thomas (2)
- Berenstein, Igal (2)
- Beta, Carsten (2)
- Blagojevic, Vladimir (2)
- Braune, Steffen (2)
- Brunner, Heiko (2)
- Coelfen, Helmut (2)
- Couturier, Jean-Philippe (2)
- Cywinski, Piotr J. (2)
- Draffehn, Soeren (2)
- Esposito, Davide (2)
- Fang, Liang (2)
- Friberg, Stig E. (2)
- Gajic, Rados (2)
- Gallandi, Lukas (2)
- Glebe, Ulrich (2)
- Grillo, Isabelle (2)
- Hettrich, Cornelia (2)
- Holzweber, Markus (2)
- Hoogenboom, Richard (2)
- Jankowski, Joachim (2)
- Juaristi, J. I. (2)
- Jung, Friedrich (2)
- Kathrein, Christine C. (2)
- Kirsch, Harald (2)
- Klier, Dennis Tobias (2)
- Liu, Bing (2)
- Lorenz, Ulf (2)
- Markovic, Rade (2)
- Marom, Noa (2)
- Marquardt, Dorothea (2)
- Matkovic, Aleksandar (2)
- Milosavljevic, Aleksandar R. (2)
- Minic, Dragica M. (2)
- Neffe, Axel T. (2)
- Niedl, Robert Raimund (2)
- Omorogie, Martins O. (2)
- Pape, Simon (2)
- Pesic, Jelena (2)
- Pich, Andrij (2)
- Prestel, Andreas (2)
- Rackwitz, Jenny (2)
- Rasovic, Aleksandar (2)
- Reinecke, Antje (2)
- Resch-Genger, Ute (2)
- Riedel, Jens (2)
- Riemer, Martin (2)
- Rinke, Patrick (2)
- Rottke, Falko O. (2)
- Schulze, Nicole (2)
- Schürmann, Robin Mathis (2)
- Secker, Christian (2)
- Tetali, Sarada D. (2)
- Tong, Yujin (2)
- Tsarkova, Larisa (2)
- Unuabonah, Emmanuel I. (2)
- Vacogne, Charlotte D. (2)
- Villatoro, José Andrés (2)
- Wlodarczyk, Radoslaw (2)
- Wlosczyk, Sebastian (2)
- Won, Jooyoung (2)
- Wuennemann, Patrick (2)
- Yan, Wan (2)
- Zabel, Andre (2)
- Zabel, André (2)
- van Rijn, Patrick (2)
- Akkaya, Y. (1)
- Akyuz, S. (1)
- Alaee, Rasoul (1)
- Alburquerque, Natalia Guerrero (1)
- Allan, Eric (1)
- Alt, Fabian (1)
- Anand, Deepak (1)
- Andreotti, Sandro (1)
- Andrews, Nicholas L. P. (1)
- Antoine, Rodolphe (1)
- Appelhans, Dietmar (1)
- Arndt, Hartmut (1)
- Arsenyan, Levon H. (1)
- Ast, Sandra (1)
- Attallah, Ahmed G. (1)
- Audoersch, Stephan (1)
- Audörsch, Stephan (1)
- Aydin, Gülcan (1)
- Bader, Denise (1)
- Bai, Wubin (1)
- Baier, Heiko (1)
- Balci, K. (1)
- Bandrauk, Andre D. (1)
- Bantz, Christoph (1)
- Baraza, Lilechi D. (1)
- Bargheer, Matias (1)
- Barnes, Jack A. (1)
- Barta, Petra (1)
- Barwe, Stefan (1)
- Basu, Sayantani (1)
- Bauch, Marcel (1)
- Baumgartner, Vanessa (1)
- Becerra, Jose (1)
- Behl, Marc (1)
- Behrendt, Felix Nicolas (1)
- Beil, Andreas (1)
- Berlepsch, Hans V. (1)
- Bernin, Robert (1)
- Bertin, Annabelle (1)
- Bhunia, Asamanjoy (1)
- Bier, Frank Fabian (1)
- Binkenstein, Julia (1)
- Biolley, Christine (1)
- Birkhofer, Klaus (1)
- Bivigou Koumba, Achille Mayelle (1)
- Blaschke, Michael (1)
- Blaser, Stefan (1)
- Bluethgen, Nico (1)
- Bobrovsky, Alexey (1)
- Boch, Steffen (1)
- Bocola, Marco (1)
- Boeffel, Christine (1)
- Boehm, Stefan (1)
- Boerschig, Carmen (1)
- Boese, Adrian Daniel (1)
- Bois, Juliana (1)
- Bok, Eva (1)
- Borgstrom, M. (1)
- Bornscheuer, Uwe T. (1)
- Braun, Ulrike (1)
- Bredas, Jean-Luc (1)
- Bressel, Lena (1)
- Brietzke, Thomas Martin (1)
- Brosig, Alexander (1)
- Bruex, Roland (1)
- Bruhn, P. (1)
- Brzezinski, Andrew (1)
- Burgos, Viviana (1)
- Buscot, Francois (1)
- Böttcher, Dominique (1)
- Cabrera-Pardo, Jaime (1)
- Campen, Richard Kramer (1)
- Cernoch, Peter (1)
- Charan, Himanshu (1)
- Cheng, Xiao (1)
- Choi, Chang Min (1)
- Collier, W. B. (1)
- Counsell, Andrew J. (1)
- Crisologo, Patrick (1)
- Crut, A. (1)
- Cubitt, Robert (1)
- Cywinski, P. J. (1)
- Cywiński, P. J. (1)
- Dabkowska, Iwona (1)
- Daly, Steven (1)
- Del Fatti, N. (1)
- Demirel, A. Levent (1)
- Dennis, Ochieno (1)
- Diekoetter, Tim (1)
- Diener, Marc (1)
- Dietrich, Paul M. (1)
- Dietze, Siegfried (1)
- Docter, Dominic (1)
- Dolgounitcheva, Olga (1)
- Donath, Mandy (1)
- Draffehn, Sören (1)
- Driess, Matthias (1)
- Dubavik, A. (1)
- Dubavik, Aliaksei (1)
- Dugourd, Philippe (1)
- Dyakonova, Margarita (1)
- Dzhigaev, D. (1)
- Ebel, Kenny (1)
- Eder, Alexander (1)
- Eichhorst, Jenny (1)
- Elamparuthi, Elangovan (1)
- Eliasch, Kamill (1)
- Elling, L. (1)
- Enzenberg, Anne (1)
- Eravci, Murat (1)
- Exner, Thomas E. (1)
- Eychmueller, A. (1)
- Eychmüller, Alexander (1)
- Fahmy, Karim (1)
- Falkenberg, G. (1)
- Fallah, Mohammad A. (1)
- Fandrich, Artur (1)
- Federico, Stefania (1)
- Filippov, Sergey K. (1)
- Fischer, Anna (1)
- Fischer, Markus (1)
- Flanagan, Keith J. (1)
- Flehr, Roman (1)
- Floss, Gereon (1)
- Frasca, Stefano (1)
- Fratzl, Peter (1)
- Fredrick, Juma B. (1)
- Fredriksson, Kai (1)
- Freitas, Joana M. G. (1)
- Freyse, Daniel (1)
- Friedl, Christian (1)
- Friese, Viviane A. (1)
- Frieß, Fabian (1)
- Froehlich, G. M. (1)
- Fueloep, Ferenc (1)
- Füchsel, Gernot (1)
- Gangloff, Niklas (1)
- Gaponik, N. (1)
- Gaponik, Nikolai (1)
- Garakani, Tayebeh Mirzaei (1)
- Gerngross, Maik (1)
- Geue, Thomas (1)
- Glamsch, Stephan (1)
- Goetz, Friedrich (1)
- Goetze, Jan Philipp (1)
- Gong, Jian R. (1)
- Gong, Jian Ru (1)
- Gordiichuk, Pavlo (1)
- Gorski, Krzysztof (1)
- Gossner, Martin M. (1)
- Gradzielski, Michael (1)
- Granucci, Giovanni (1)
- Gross, M. (1)
- Gruener, Simon (1)
- Guiet, Amandine (1)
- Guner, Pinar Tatar (1)
- Gwyther, Jessica (1)
- Göbel, Caren (1)
- Göbel, Ronald (1)
- Hahlbrock, Angelina (1)
- Hammann, Tommy (1)
- Hardy, John G. (1)
- Hauser, Karin (1)
- Head-Gordon, Martin (1)
- Heide, Chiara Josephine (1)
- Heinze, Johannes (1)
- Hellweg, Thomas (1)
- Helmin, Marta (1)
- Herfurth, Christoph (1)
- Hesemann, Peter (1)
- Hettrich, C. (1)
- Hiltl, Stephanie (1)
- Hoeger, Sigurd (1)
- Hoelzel, Norbert (1)
- Holert, Johannes (1)
- Huebner, Rene (1)
- Inaki Juaristi, J. (1)
- Jackson, Korir Cheruiyot (1)
- Jagmann, Nina (1)
- Jankowski, Vera (1)
- Jester, Stefan-S. (1)
- Joswig, J. -O. (1)
- Joswig, Jan-Ole (1)
- Jung, Kirsten (1)
- Jung, Maike (1)
- Jung, Martin (1)
- Kakorin, Sergej (1)
- Kaune, Gunar (1)
- Keller, Adrian (1)
- Kerbusch, Jochen (1)
- Keya, Aggrey Osogo (1)
- Khadem, S. M. J. (1)
- Kinzel, Julia (1)
- Klamroth, Tillmann (1)
- Klaper, Matthias (1)
- Klaus, Valentin H. (1)
- Klein, Alexandra-Maria (1)
- Kleinebecker, Till (1)
- Klemmer, Sandra (1)
- Knight, Joseph W. (1)
- Knoop, Mats Timothy (1)
- Koch, Rainer (1)
- Koerner, A. (1)
- Kopec, Maciej (1)
- Kopyra, Janina (1)
- Koshkina, Olga (1)
- Kosmella, Sabine (1)
- Kossmann, Alexander (1)
- Kostevic, Angelika (1)
- Kramer Campen, Richard (1)
- Krause-Rehberg, Reinhard (1)
- Krauss, Jochen (1)
- Krehl, Stefan (1)
- Kreuels, Klaus (1)
- Krüger, Tobias (1)
- Kuehn, O. (1)
- Kuhn, Philipp Till (1)
- Kulak, Nora (1)
- Kulesza, Alexander (1)
- Kulesza, Alexander Jan (1)
- Kumar, Reddi K. (1)
- Kunz, Oliver (1)
- Kurta, R. P. (1)
- Kyriakos, Konstantinos (1)
- König, Jana (1)
- Lang, Thomas (1)
- Lange, Markus (1)
- Lapok, Lukasz (1)
- Laschewsky, André (1)
- Lazar, Jaroslav (1)
- Lazarev, S. (1)
- Leal-Egana, Aldo (1)
- Ledendecker, Marc (1)
- Leiendecker, Mai-Thi (1)
- Leimkühler, Silke (1)
- Lemke, Horst-Dieter (1)
- Lesnyak, V. (1)
- Lesnyak, Vladimir (1)
- Leubner, S. (1)
- Leubner, Susanne (1)
- Liermann, Konstanze (1)
- Limberg, Felix Rolf Paul (1)
- Lin, Che-Hung (1)
- Loock, Hans-Peter (1)
- Lorenz, T. (1)
- Lorenz, Tommy (1)
- Lorson, Thomas (1)
- Ludwig, Kai (1)
- Ludwig, Thomas (1)
- Luetzow, Karola (1)
- Luppi, Eleonora (1)
- Luxenhofer, Robert (1)
- Löwenberg, Candy (1)
- MacAleese, Luke (1)
- Maciejczyk, Michal (1)
- Mai, Tobias (1)
- Maier, Frank (1)
- Maier, Stefan K. (1)
- Manners, Ian (1)
- Manning, Peter (1)
- Maskos, Michael (1)
- Matthes, Philipp R. (1)
- May, Volkhard (1)
- Mayer, Sonja (1)
- Meiling, Til (1)
- Meiling, Till T. (1)
- Menzel, Christoph (1)
- Metwalli, Ezzeldin (1)
- Miasnikova, Anna (1)
- Michel, Ann-Katrin (1)
- Mickler, Wulfhard (1)
- Mikkelsen, A. (1)
- Moeller, Heiko M. (1)
- Mohr, Benjamin (1)
- Morris, E. Kathryn (1)
- Mueller, Joerg (1)
- Munzke, Dorit (1)
- Müller-Buschbaum, Klaus (1)
- Naolou, Toufik (1)
- Nebel, Michaela (1)
- Nedielkov, Ruslan (1)
- Neser, Wekesa (1)
- Nevskyi, Oleksii (1)
- Niebuur, Bart-Jan (1)
- Noirez, Laurence (1)
- Noyong, Michael (1)
- Nunns, Adam (1)
- Oelmann, Yvonne (1)
- Oertel, Jana (1)
- Oliveira, Joana Santos Lapa (1)
- Oncak, Milan (1)
- Ortiz, J. Vincent (1)
- Overmann, Jörg (1)
- Pampel, Jonas (1)
- Paramonov, Guennaddi K. (1)
- Park, H. (1)
- Park, Sungjune (1)
- Pasalic, Esther (1)
- Paschoalin, Rafaella Takehara (1)
- Paulke, Bernd-Reiner (1)
- Paulus, Beate (1)
- Pavashe, Prashant (1)
- Paz, Cristian (1)
- Peng, Xingzhou (1)
- Persico, Maurizio (1)
- Pertsch, Thomas (1)
- Pester, Christian (1)
- Philipp, Bodo (1)
- Philipp, Martine (1)
- Pietraszkiewicz, Marek (1)
- Pinyou, Piyanut (1)
- Plamper, Felix A. (1)
- Plumere, Nicolas (1)
- Poeller, Sascha (1)
- Poghosyan, Armen H. (1)
- Polte, Jörg (1)
- Poluektov, Georgiy (1)
- Prati, Daniel (1)
- Przezdziak, Marc (1)
- Pudell, Jan-Etienne (1)
- Päch, Michael (1)
- Raguzin, Ivan (1)
- Rankovic, MiloS Lj. (1)
- Ravva, Mahesh Kumar (1)
- Rawolle, Monika (1)
- Razzaq, Muhammad Yasar (1)
- Reich, Oliver (1)
- Reinert, Knut (1)
- Ren, Xinguo (1)
- Rendon-Enriquez, I. N. (1)
- Renger, Thomas (1)
- Renner, Swen C. (1)
- Resch-Genger, U. (1)
- Richau, Klaus (1)
- Richter, Marina Juliane (1)
- Richtering, Walter (1)
- Riemer, Janine (1)
- Rillig, Matthias C. (1)
- Ritschel, Thomas (1)
- Ritzhaupt, G. (1)
- Rockstuhl, Carsten (1)
- Rosencrantz, Ruben R. (1)
- Ross, Caroline A. (1)
- Ross, Rachel (1)
- Rossberg, Joana (1)
- Rothe, Regina (1)
- Rozpedzik, Anna (1)
- Ruff, Adrian (1)
- Ruokolainen, Janne (1)
- Ruppel, Markus (1)
- Rutledge, Peter J. (1)
- Rutschow, S. (1)
- Ryabchun, Alexander (1)
- Ryan, Aoife A. (1)
- Ryno, Sean (1)
- Ryppa, Claudia (1)
- Rütten, Stephan (1)
- Samuelson, L. (1)
- Sauer, Joachim (1)
- Schacht, Julia (1)
- Schaefer, H. Martin (1)
- Scheibel, Thomas R. (1)
- Scherf, Ullrich (1)
- Schloter, Michael (1)
- Schmaderer, Sebastian (1)
- Schmidt am Busch, Marcel (1)
- Schmidt, Burkhard (1)
- Schmitt, Barbara (1)
- Schnakenberg, Uwe (1)
- Schneider, Radu (1)
- Schneider, Ralf (1)
- Schneider, Rudolf (1)
- Schoening, Ingo (1)
- Scholz, Robert (1)
- Schopferer, Michael (1)
- Schreiber, Benjamin (1)
- Schroer, C. G. (1)
- Schrumpf, Marion (1)
- Schröder, Ricarda (1)
- Schubert, Ulrich S. (1)
- Schuhmann, Wolfgang (1)
- Schulreich, Christoph (1)
- Schulte, Christoph (1)
- Schulz, Alexander (1)
- Schunke, Emina (1)
- Schwaneberg, Ulrich (1)
- Schwarze, Thomas (1)
- Schönborn, Jan Boyke (1)
- Schürings, Marco-Philipp (1)
- Sechi, Antonio (1)
- Seiboth, F. (1)
- Senge, Mathias O. (1)
- Shabalin, A. (1)
- Shahinyan, Aram A. (1)
- Shibaev, Valery (1)
- Sikorski, Johannes (1)
- Silva, Mario (1)
- Simon, Ulrich (1)
- Singer, A. (1)
- Socher, Stephanie A. (1)
- Sokolov, Igor M. (1)
- Soliveres, Santiago (1)
- Solly, Emily F. (1)
- Song, Weiguo (1)
- Sonnemann, Ilja (1)
- Sorkau, Elisabeth (1)
- Stahlhut, Frank (1)
- Stanglmair, Christoph (1)
- Stankevic, T. (1)
- Stauber, Roland H. (1)
- Steckel, Juliane (1)
- Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf (1)
- Steffen, Wojtek (1)
- Stempfhuber, Barbara (1)
- Stete, Felix (1)
- Steuber, Julia (1)
- Stoltenberg, Marcus (1)
- Storch, Golo (1)
- Stover, D. D. (1)
- Stricker, M. C. (1)
- Strikhanov, M. N. (1)
- Stumpe, Joachim (1)
- Subkowski, Thomas (1)
- Sun, Haitao (1)
- Sun, Jing (1)
- Sun, Zhenrong (1)
- Sutterlin, Martin (1)
- Szatmari, Istvan (1)
- Szeponik, Jan (1)
- Taubert, Andreas (1)
- Tausch, M. W. (1)
- Theato, Patrick (1)
- Thielke, Michael W. (1)
- Thiermann, Raphael (1)
- Thünemann, Andreas F. (1)
- Todd, Matthew H. (1)
- Torres-Rendon, Jose Guillermo (1)
- Trapp, Oliver (1)
- Trautmann, Michael (1)
- Trautwein, Matthias (1)
- Tremblay, Jean Christophe (1)
- Tritschler, Ulrich (1)
- Tschapka, Marco (1)
- Tschoepe, C. (1)
- Tuerke, Manfred (1)
- Turner, Peter (1)
- Twamley, Brendan (1)
- Täuber, Karoline (1)
- Töpel, Alexander (1)
- Töpfer, Kai (1)
- Ulaganathan, Vamseekrishna (1)
- Ulbricht, Juliane (1)
- Ullmann, Sabrina (1)
- Unmüssig, Tobias (1)
- Vainio, Ulla (1)
- Vargas-Ruiz, Salome (1)
- Vartanyants, I. A. (1)
- Vasic, Borislav (1)
- Venter, Paul (1)
- Verbraeken, Bart (1)
- Vishnevetskaya, Natalya (1)
- Vishnevetskaya, Natalya S. (1)
- Voelkel, Antje (1)
- Vorburger, Thomas (1)
- Völkel, Antje (1)
- Wagner, Tom (1)
- Wairimu, Kamau R. (1)
- Wallentin, J. (1)
- Walta, S. (1)
- Walter, M. (1)
- Walther, Andreas (1)
- Wang, Jiping (1)
- Wang, Xiaopeng (1)
- Weber, Marcus (1)
- Wei, Chunxiang (1)
- Wei, Yuhan (1)
- Weigert, F. (1)
- Weigert, Florian (1)
- Weiler, Markus (1)
- Weiner, Christiane N. (1)
- Weise, Christoph (1)
- Weisser, Wolfgang W. (1)
- Wellert, Stefan (1)
- Wentrup, Curt (1)
- Werner, Michael (1)
- Westmeier, Dana (1)
- Westphal, Catrin (1)
- White, Alec F. (1)
- Wiesner, Burkhard (1)
- Wilcke, Wolfgang (1)
- Wischke, Christian (1)
- Wollenberger, Ursula (1)
- Wollgarten, Markus (1)
- Wolters, Volkmar (1)
- Wong, Joseph K. -H. (1)
- Wu, Lei (1)
- Wubet, Tesfaye (1)
- Wurst, Susanne (1)
- Wöll, Dominik (1)
- Wünnemann, Patrick (1)
- Würth, Christian (1)
- Yefanov, O. M. (1)
- Yu, Mingfeng (1)
- Yücel, Onur (1)
- Zaccone, Alessio (1)
- Zapotoczny, Szczepan (1)
- Zehbe, Kerstin (1)
- Zehbe, Rolf (1)
- Zeng, Ting (1)
- Zenichowski, Karl (1)
- Zenke, Martin (1)
- Zhang, Pengfei (1)
- Zhong, Cheng (1)
- Zhong, Qi (1)
- Zhou, Qihui (1)
- Zhou, Shengqiang (1)
- Zhu, Leilei (1)
- Zimmermann, Marc (1)
- Zlotnikov, Igor (1)
- de Vries, Joop (1)
- van Hoorn, Camiel (1)
- van Kooten, Theo G. (1)
- von Klitzing, Regine (1)
- von Lospichl, Benjamin (1)
- von Plessen, Gero (1)
- von Reppert, Alexander (1)
Year of publication
- 2016 (213) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (156)
- Doctoral Thesis (33)
- Postprint (21)
- Other (2)
- Review (1)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (213)
Keywords
- X-ray structure (4)
- nanoparticles (4)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (3)
- Nanoparticles (3)
- biomaterials (3)
- configuration (3)
- conformation (3)
- copper(II) (3)
- crystal structure (3)
- crystallization (3)
Institute
- Institut für Chemie (213) (remove)
Zhong, Qi ; Metwalli, Ezzeldin ; Rawolle, Monika ; Kaune, Gunar ; Bivigou Koumba, Achille Mayelle ; Laschewsky, Andre ; Papadakis, Christine M. ; Cubitt, Robert ; Wang, Jiping ; Müller-Buschbaum, Peter
The rehydration of thermoresponsive polystyrene-block-poly(methoxy diethylene glycol acrylate)-block-polystyrene (PS-b-PMDEGA-b-PS) films forming a lamellar microphase-separated structure is investigated by in situ neutron reflectivity in a D2O vapor atmosphere. The rehydration of collapsed PS-b-PMDEGA-b-PS films is realized by a temperature change from 45 to 23 degrees C and comprises (1) condensation and absorption of D2O, (2) evaporation of D2O, and (3) reswelling of the film due to internal rearrangement. The hydrophobic PS layers hinder the absorption of condensed D2O, and a redistribution of embedded D2O between the hydrophobic PS layers and the hydrophilic PMDEGA layers is observed. In contrast, the rehydration of semiswollen PS-b-PMDEGA-b-PS films (temperature change from 35 to 23 degrees C) shows two prominent differences: A thicker D2O layer condenses on the surface, causing a more enhanced evaporation of D2O. The rehydrated films differ in film thickness and volume fraction of D2O, which is due to the different thermal protocols, although the final temperature is identical.
Zhou, Qihui ; Wuennemann, Patrick ; Kuhn, Philipp Till ; de Vries, Joop ; Helmin, Marta ; Böker, Alexander ; van Kooten, Theo G. ; van Rijn, Patrick
Tailoring cell–surface interactions is important for the of design medical implants as well as regenerative medicine and tissue engineering materials. Here the single parameter system is transcended via translating hard nanotopology into soft polymeric hydrogel structures via hydrogel imprinting lithography. The response of these cells to the nanotopology of the same dimensions but with different mechanical properties displays unexpected behavior between “hard” tissue cells and “soft” tissue cells.
Zühlke, Martin ; Riebe, Daniel ; Beitz, Toralf ; Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd ; Andreotti, Sandro ; Reinert, Knut ; Zenichowski, Karl ; Diener, Marc
The combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry facilitates the two-dimensional separation of complex mixtures in the retention and drift time plane. The ion mobility spectrometer presented here was optimized for flow rates customarily used in high-performance liquid chromatography between 100 and 1500 mu L/min. The characterization of the system with respect to such parameters as the peak capacity of each time dimension and of the 2D spectrum was carried out based on a separation of a pesticide mixture containing 24 substances. While the total ion current chromatogram is coarsely resolved, exhibiting coelutions for a number of compounds, all substances can be separately detected in the 2D plane due to the orthogonality of the separations in retention and drift dimensions. Another major advantage of the ion mobility detector is the identification of substances based on their characteristic mobilities. Electrospray ionization allows the detection of substances lacking a chromophore. As an example, the separation of a mixture of 18 amino acids is presented. A software built upon the free mass spectrometry package OpenMS was developed for processing the extensive 2D data. The different processing steps are implemented as separate modules which can be arranged in a graphic workflow facilitating automated processing of data.