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Process analysis usually focuses only on single and selected processes. It is either existent processes that are recorded and analysed or reference processes that are implemented. So far no evident effort has been put into generalising specific process aspects into patterns and comparing those patterns with regard to their efficiency and effectiveness. This article focuses on the combination of dynamic and holistic analytical elements in enterprise architectures. Our goal is to outline an approach to analyse the development of business processes in a cyclical matter and demonstrate this approach based on an existent modelling language. We want to show that organisational learning can derive from the systematic analysis of past and existent processes from which patterns of successful problem solving can be deducted.
Ende Juli 2011 jubelt die europäische Presse: Endlich gebe es die nötige Solidarität in der Euro-Zone. Die Angriffe der Rating-Agenturen könnten abgewehrt, die Interessen der Finanzmärkte befriedet werden. Was aber heißt Solidarität hier und heute? Wie ist sie in der Europäischen Union verankert, formal, rechtlich und politisch? Mit was für einer Krise haben wir es überhaupt zu tun? Was verbindet die eingeforderte Solidarität mit der Demokratie? Und welche Rolle spielt Deutschland in dieser Krise? Antworten auf diese Fragen bietet der Text von Heinz Kleger.
The main thread of this review article is to identify the reasons of how to account for the trajectory of American power in the region. Leaving behind the vast amount of highly politicised and hastily compiled volumes of recent years (notwithstanding valuable exceptions), the monographs composed by Lawrence Freedman, Trita Parsi and Oliver Roy attempt to subtly disentangle the intricacies of US involvement in the region from highly distinct perspectives. One caveat for International Relations theorists is that none of the
aforementioned authors intends to provide theoretical frameworks for his examination. However, since IR theory has damagingly neglected history in the last decades, the works under review here, at least in part, compensate for this disciplinary and intellectual failure. In conclusion, Freedman’s in-depth approach as a diplomatic historian, with its under-lying reference to the various traditions in US foreign policy thinking, is most illuminating, while Parsi’s contestable account focuses too narrowly on the Iran-Israel relationship. Roy’s explications fail to show how and why the ‘ideological’ element in US foreign policy came to carry exceedingly more weight after 2001 than it did in the 1990s.