Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (76)
Document Type
- Working Paper (76)
Language
- English (76)
Keywords
- experiment (11)
- communication (5)
- COVID-19 (4)
- Entrepreneurship (4)
- Innovation (4)
- entrepreneurship (4)
- gender (4)
- E-DSGE (3)
- Start-Up Subsidies (3)
- air pollution (3)
- cartel (3)
- cooperation (3)
- machine learning (3)
- mental health (3)
- Experiment (2)
- Human Capital Investment (2)
- Job Creation (2)
- Minimum Wage (2)
- Policy Reform (2)
- Productivity (2)
- R&D (2)
- Survival (2)
- Work-related Training (2)
- climate policy (2)
- collusion (2)
- energy prices (2)
- gender pay gap (2)
- health (2)
- inequality (2)
- innovation (2)
- labor supply (2)
- linked employer-employee data (2)
- migration (2)
- population density (2)
- self-employment (2)
- strategic uncertainty (2)
- survival (2)
- welfare (2)
- Active Labor Market Policy (1)
- Africa (1)
- Ask avoidance (1)
- Backward ownership (1)
- Balancing weights (1)
- Business Grow (1)
- Carbon Capture (1)
- Carbon Dioxide Removal (1)
- Charitable giving (1)
- Climate Policy (1)
- Continuous Treatment (1)
- Counterfactual Analysis (1)
- Covid-19 (1)
- DiD (1)
- Difference-in-Differences (1)
- Earnings (1)
- Employee Training (1)
- Employment (1)
- Entry deterrence (1)
- Environmental Policy (1)
- Evaluation (1)
- Firm Growth (1)
- Foreclosure (1)
- Gender Wage Gap (1)
- High growth firms (1)
- Human Capital Investments (1)
- Impermanence (1)
- Inequality (1)
- Institutions (1)
- Instrumental Variables (1)
- Intertemporal Choice (1)
- Job Satisfaction (1)
- Job Search (1)
- Labor Market Mobility (1)
- Language (1)
- Large firms (1)
- Linguistic Saving Hypothesis (1)
- Long-term Crisis (1)
- MSMEs (1)
- Macroeconomic Dynamics (1)
- Manager Decisions (1)
- Matching (1)
- Minority shareholdings (1)
- Monte-Carlo simulation (1)
- Observational studies (1)
- PHQ-4 score (1)
- Partial ownership (1)
- Persistence (1)
- Policy Design (1)
- Propensity Score Matching (1)
- Push and Pull Theories (1)
- Quality of regional governments (1)
- Regional Bite (1)
- Regions (1)
- Regulation (1)
- Repeated request (1)
- Risk Attitudes (1)
- Risk Preferences (1)
- Search Frictions (1)
- Service Sector (1)
- Small firms (1)
- Social Cost of Carbon (1)
- Start-up Motivation (1)
- Start-up Subsidies (1)
- Start-ups (1)
- Ultimatum Game (1)
- Uniform pricing (1)
- Unintended Consequence (1)
- Vertical integration (1)
- Well-Being (1)
- Working Hours (1)
- accidents (1)
- alcohol consumption (1)
- ambiguity attitudes (1)
- behavioral economics (1)
- beliefs (1)
- blended learning (1)
- board diversity (1)
- business expansion (1)
- business services (1)
- business venturing (1)
- buyer behavior (1)
- carbon emissions (1)
- carbon price (1)
- carbon pricing (1)
- cardiovascular disease (1)
- career costs of children (1)
- child care (1)
- childcare provision (1)
- climate (1)
- climate change (1)
- commuting (1)
- compliance behavior (1)
- congestion (1)
- corporate leniency program (1)
- crowding out (1)
- cycling (1)
- decomposition (1)
- decomposition methods (1)
- deliberate ignorance (1)
- depression (1)
- dictator game (1)
- discrimination (1)
- divergent thinking (1)
- double dividend (1)
- drugs (1)
- dynamic binary choice (1)
- dynamic panel estimation (1)
- efficiency (1)
- emergency-aid (1)
- emotion regulation (1)
- employer (1)
- employment (1)
- employment growth (1)
- endogenous growth (1)
- energy expenditure (1)
- entrepreneurial performance (1)
- entrepreneurship policy (1)
- environment (1)
- environmental tax reform (1)
- envy (1)
- equity crowdfunding (1)
- extensive margin (1)
- finance (1)
- financial access and inclusion (1)
- firm growth (1)
- firm performance (1)
- fiscal policy (1)
- food prices (1)
- gambler’s fallac (1)
- gender wage gap (1)
- general self-efficacy (1)
- generalized difference-in-difference (1)
- gentrification (1)
- goal-setting (1)
- gratitude (1)
- gridded data (1)
- habit formation (1)
- hate crime (1)
- health behavior (1)
- high-dimensional fixed effects (1)
- home office (1)
- horizontal equity (1)
- horizontal innovation (1)
- hot hand fallacy (1)
- hours restrictions (1)
- housing market (1)
- human capital (1)
- incidental parameter bias correction (1)
- income (1)
- inequality of opportunity (1)
- infinitely repeated game (1)
- inflation (1)
- instrumental variables (1)
- involuntary unemployment (1)
- irrelevant information (1)
- job creation (1)
- judgment of communication (1)
- just transition (1)
- labor productivity (1)
- labour migration (1)
- leadership (1)
- locus of control (1)
- loss aversion (1)
- market-entry game (1)
- maternal employment (1)
- meta-analysis (1)
- military conflicts (1)
- mother’s labor supply (1)
- multi-valued treatment (1)
- natural field experiment (1)
- non-Ricardian households (1)
- obesity (1)
- objective health measures (1)
- parental leave (1)
- personality (1)
- physical activity (1)
- prescriptions (1)
- price competition (1)
- primary school (1)
- prisoners' dilemma (1)
- prisoner’s dilemma (1)
- productivity slowdown (1)
- promises (1)
- property taxes (1)
- public good (1)
- public transport (1)
- punishment (1)
- quantile regression (1)
- rebate and discount (1)
- reciprocity (1)
- redistribution (1)
- refugees (1)
- regulation of dominant firms (1)
- removal subsidies (1)
- renewable energy subsidies (1)
- rent control (1)
- representative longitudinal survey data (1)
- representative real-time survey data (1)
- resilience (1)
- retirement policies (1)
- returns to education (1)
- revenue recycling (1)
- risk attitudes (1)
- risk aversion (1)
- risk perception (1)
- sanctions (1)
- school health examinations (1)
- selection into employment (1)
- self-employed (1)
- sickness (1)
- social investment (1)
- soft information (1)
- spillover effects (1)
- stag-hunt game (1)
- stochastic uncertainty (1)
- strategic ignorance (1)
- strategic-uncertainty attitudes (1)
- subjective survival probability (1)
- sustainability (1)
- tax competition (1)
- taxpayer subsidies (1)
- terms-of-trade effects (1)
- text analysis (1)
- trade (1)
- trade policy (1)
- traffic (1)
- training (1)
- transport subsidies (1)
- treatment effects (1)
- two-way fixed effects (1)
- unemployment (1)
- unilateral climate policy (1)
- urban (1)
- vocational education (1)
- voting (1)
- voucher (1)
- wages (1)
- wars (1)
- wealth (1)
- windfall gains (1)
- women in management (1)
- women’s careers (1)
Institute
- Center for Economic Policy Analysis (CEPA) (76) (remove)
”Thanks in Advance”
(2019)
This paper studies the effect of the commonly used phrase “thanks in advance” on compliance with a small request. In a controlled laboratory experiment we ask participants to give a detailed answer to an open question. The treatment variable is whether or not they see the phrase “thanks in advance.” Our participants react to the treatment by exerting less effort in answering the request even though they perceive the phrase as polite.
Against the background of the increasingly discussed “Linguistic Saving Hypothesis” (Chen, 2013), I studied whether the targeted use of a present tense (close tense) and a future tense (distant tense) within the same language have an impact on intertemporal decision-making. In a monetarily incentivized laboratory experiment in Germany, I implemented two different treatments on intertemporal choices. The treatments differed in the tense in which I referred to future rewards. My results show that individuals prefer to a greater extent rewards which are associated with a present tense (close tense). This result is in line with my prediction and the first empirical support for the Linguistic Saving Hypothesis within one language. However, this result holds exclusively for males. Females seem to be unaffected by the linguistic manipulation. I discuss my findings in the context of “gender-as-culture” as well as their potential policy-implications.
Leveraging two cohort-specific pension reforms, this paper estimates the forward-looking effects of an exogenous increase in the working horizon on (un)employment behaviour for individuals with a long remaining statutory working life. Using difference-in-differences and regression discontinuity approaches based on administrative and survey data, I show that a longer legal working horizon increases individuals’ subjective expectations about the length of their work life, raises the probability of employment, decreases the probability of unemployment, and increases the intensity of job search among the unemployed. Heterogeneity analyses show that the demonstrated employment effects are strongest for women and in occupations with comparatively low physical intensity, i.e., occupations that can be performed at older ages.
We analyze the impact of women’s managerial representation on the gender pay gap among employees on the establishment level using German Linked-Employer-Employee-Data from the years 2004 to 2018. For identification of a causal effect we employ a panel model with establishment fixed effects and industry-specific time dummies. Our results show that a higher share of women in management significantly reduces the gender pay gap within the firm. An increase in the share of women in first-level management e.g. from zero to above 33 percent decreases the adjusted gender pay gap from a baseline of 15 percent by 1.2 percentage points, i.e. to roughly 14 percent. The effect is stronger for women in second-level than first-level management, indicating that women managers with closer interactions with their subordinates have a higher impact on the gender pay gap than women on higher management levels. The results are similar for East and West Germany, despite the lower gender pay gap and more gender egalitarian social norms in East Germany. From a policy perspective, we conclude that increasing the number of women in management positions has the potential to reduce the gender pay gap to a limited extent. However, further policy measures will be needed in order to fully close the gender gap in pay.
What Makes an Employer?
(2019)
As the policy debate on entrepreneurship increasingly centers on firm growth in terms of job creation, it is important to better understand which variables influence the first hiring decision and which ones influence the subsequent survival as an employer. Using the German Socio-economic Panel (SOEP), we analyze what role individual characteristics of entrepreneurs play in sustainable job creation. While human and social capital variables positively influence the hiring decision and the survival as an employer in the same direction, we show that none of the personality traits affect the two outcomes in the same way. Some traits are only relevant for survival as an employer but do not influence the hiring decision, other traits even unfold a revolving door effect, in the sense that employers tend to fail due to the same characteristics that positively influenced their hiring decision.
What is it good for?
(2023)
Military conflicts and wars affect a country’s development in various dimensions. Rising inflation rates are a potentially important economic effect associated with conflict. High inflation can undermine investment, weigh on private consumption, and threaten macroeconomic stability. Furthermore, these effects are not necessarily restricted to the locality of the conflict, but can also spill over to other countries. Therefore, to understand how conflict affects the economy and to make a more comprehensive assessment of the costs of armed conflict, it is important to take inflationary effects into account. To disentangle the conflict-inflation-nexus and to quantify this relationship, we conduct a panel analysis for 175 countries over the period 1950–2019. To capture indirect inflationary effects, we construct a distance based spillover index. In general, the results of our analysis confirm a statistically significant positive direct association between conflicts and inflation rates. This finding is robust across various model specifications. Moreover, our results indicate that conflict induced inflation is not solely driven by increasing money supply. Furthermore, we document a statistically significant positive indirect association between conflicts and inflation rates in uninvolved countries.
The COVID-19 pandemic created the largest experiment in working from home. We study how persistent telework may change energy and transport consumption and costs in Germany to assess the distributional and environmental implications when working from home will stick. Based on data from the German Microcensus and available classifications of working-from-home feasibility for different occupations, we calculate the change in energy consumption and travel to work when 15% of employees work full time from home. Our findings suggest that telework translates into an annual increase in heating energy expenditure of 110 euros per worker and a decrease in transport expenditure of 840 euros per worker. All income groups would gain from telework but high-income workers gain twice as much as low-income workers. The value of time saving is between 1.3 and 6 times greater than the savings from reduced travel costs and almost 9 times higher for high-income workers than low-income workers. The direct effects on CO₂ emissions due to reduced car commuting amount to 4.5 millions tons of CO₂, representing around 3 percent of carbon emissions in the transport sector.
Urban pollution
(2022)
We use worldwide satellite data to analyse how population size and density affect urban pollution. We find that density significantly increases pollution exposure. Looking only at urban areas, we find that population size affects exposure more than density. Moreover, the effect is driven mostly by population commuting to core cities rather than the core city population itself. We analyse heterogeneity by geography and income levels. By and large, the influence of population on pollution is greatest in Asia and middle-income countries. A counterfactual simulation shows that PM2.5 exposure would fall by up to 36% and NO2 exposure up to 53% if within countries population size were equalized across all cities.
Ticket to Paradise?
(2022)
This paper provides novel evidence on the impact of public transport subsidies on air pollution. We obtain causal estimates by leveraging a unique policy intervention in Germany that temporarily reduced nationwide prices for regional public transport to a monthly flat rate price of 9 Euros. Us-ing DiD estimation strategies on air pollutant data, we show that this intervention causally reduced a benchmark air pollution index by more than six percent. Our results illustrate that public transport subsidies – especially in the context of spatially constrained cities – offer a viable alterna-tive for policymakers and city planers to improve air quality, which has been shown to crucially affect health outcomes.
Economists are worried that the lack of property rights to natural capital goods jeopardizes the sustainability of the economic growth miracle that has existed since industrialization. This article questions their position. A vertical innovation model with a portfolio of technologies for abatement, adaptation, and general (Harrod-neutral) technology reveals that environmental damage spillovers have a comparable effect on research profits as technology spillovers so that the social costs of depleting public natural capital are internalized. As long as there is free access to information and technology, growth is sustainable and the allocation of research efforts among alternative technologies is socially optimal. While there still is a need to address externalities from monopolistic research markets, no environmental policy is necessary. These results suggest that environmental externalities may originate in restricted access to information and technology, demonstrating that (i) information has a similar effect as an environmental tax and (ii) knowledge and technology transfers have an impact comparable to that of subsidies for research in green technology.