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Cholesteryl Hemisuccinate Monolayers Efficiently Control Calcium Phosphate Nucleation and Growth
(2017)
The article describes the phase behavior of cholesteryl hemisuccinate at the air-liquid interface and its effect on calcium phosphate (CP) mineralization. The amphiphile forms stable monolayers with phase transitions at the air-liquid interface from a gas to a tilted liquid-condensed (TLC) and finally to an untilted liquid-condensed (ULC) phase. CP mineralization beneath these monolayers leads to crumpled CP layers made from individual plates. The main crystal phase is octacalcium phosphate (OCP) along with a minor fraction of hydroxyapatite (HAP), as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, bright field transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction.