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It is assumed that additionally to the family background and child characteris-tics, the children’s learning environments are crucial for the acquisition of early competencies. This study aimed to compare the eff ects of home and institutional learning environment on young children’s vocabulary and to test necessary con-ditions for a potential compensatory eff ect of the institutional learning environ-ment. Using longitudinal data from N = 557 preschool children (German National Educational Panel Study), we analysed to what extent family background and children’s characteristics predicted home and institutional learning environments and to what extent these learning environments predicted vocabulary in pre-school and primary school. In order to test if both learning environments pre-dict vocabulary separately, we used almost identical indicators to operationalize them. The effects were estimated within a structural equation model. The study revealed that both, home and institutional learning environment, had small and separate eff ects on children’s vocabulary. The home learning environment was more closely related to the family background, while the institutional learning en-vironment was more closely related to the children’s characteristics. This evokes new possibilities to discuss compensatory effect.
Neben familiären Merkmalen hat sich die Kindergartenqualität als bedeutsam für den Wortschatz von Kindergartenkindern gezeigt. Die drei Dimensionen der Kindergartenqualität, die Struktur‑, Orientierungs- und Prozessqualität, wurden bisher jedoch nicht simultan und domänenspezifisch in Bezug auf den Wortschatz untersucht. In der vorliegenden Studie wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie die Dimensionen der Kindergartenqualität unter Berücksichtigung familiärer Merkmale mit dem Wortschatz von Kindern auf Individual- und Kindergartenebene zusammenhängen. Die Datengrundlage bildete eine Teilstichprobe des nationalen Bildungspanels („National Educational Panel Study“, NEPS) mit N = 1165 Kindern in 139 Kindergärten. Die durchgeführten Mehrebenenanalysen ergaben, dass zur Prädiktion des Wortschatzes auf Individualebene die familiären Merkmale bedeutsam waren, während Unterschiede zwischen Kindergärten mittels der Kindergartenqualität erklärt werden konnten. Dabei waren alle drei Qualitätsdimensionen relevant. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund verschiedener Qualitätskonzeptionen diskutiert.
In this intervention study, we investigated how we could teach university students who were majoring in education to teach reading strategies. The goal of the study was to analyze whether and to what extent students would benefit from the intervention with respect to their own learning. Did their own reading skills improve after they attended the intervention? The sample consisted of n = 61 students who were assigned to one of two conditions: (a) an adaption of reciprocal teaching; and (b) a control group that was not taught how to teach reading strategies. The evidence-based teaching method used in the intervention condition consisted of three elements: modeling, scaffolding, and repeated practice. Training success was assessed in a pre-posttest control group design with standardized reading comprehension and reading speed tests. To compare the development of the students in the two conditions, repeated measures ANOVAs were used. At posttest, intervention students outperformed control students in reading comprehension as well as in reading speed.
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between having a special educational needs background (SEN) and the likelihood of having friends in inclusive classes. We assumed that a combination of individual, dyadic and contextual variables can sufficiently explain the relation between a SEN diagnosis and the likelihood of friendship. Data analysis was based on a cross-sectional sample of students (N = 1241) in second and third grade primary-school classes. To address the different levels adequately, the present study improves upon previous research in two ways: First, the sociometric data were analyzed with the p2 model, a specialized multilevel network model. Second, the study focused solely on friendships and emphasized the concept’s unique features with respect to inclusive education. Data analysis indicated that students with SEN had a decreased probability of becoming friends with their classmates compared to students without SEN. Even when individual, dyadic, and contextual variables were included into the model, the association between a SEN diagnosis and the likelihood of friendship persisted. The implications of the results are discussed with respect to their implications for inclusive teaching practice.
Zusammenfassung. Ziel war es, die Effektivität zweier Interventionen zur Förderung der Lesekompetenz von Fünftklässlern zu untersuchen. Beide Treatments wurden von Regellehrkräften implementiert. Die eine Intervention war das reziproke Lehren, welches um Selbstregulationsprozeduren angereichert wurde (RT+SRL). Die zweite war eine von Lehrkräften konzipierte lesestrategiebasierte Unterrichtseinheit (Good Practice, GP). Zusätzlich gab es eine No-Treatment-Kontrollgruppe (KG0). Insgesamt nahmen an der Studie N = 244 Schüler teil. Im Rahmen eines Pre-, Post-, Follow-Up-Test-Untersuchungsplans kamen standardisierte Leseverständnisaufgaben, selbstkonstruierte Lesestrategieaufgaben und eine Selbstwirksamkeitsskala zum Einsatz. Kontrastierende Einzelvergleichsanalysen ergaben, dass sich die Schüler der Treatmentbedingung RT+SRL im Vergleich zu den Schülern der Kontrollgruppe zum Post-Test signifikant stärker im Leseverständnis, in der Lesestrategieanwendung und in der Selbstwirksamkeit verbesserten. Gleiches galt für die Lesestrategieanwendung zum Follow-Up-Test. Schüler der Bedingung GP konnten im Vergleich zu KG0-Schülern weder zum Post- noch zum Follow-Up-Test vorteilige Ergebnisse in den drei Kriteriumsmaßen erzielen.
The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine the effects of two different teacher-led classroom reading literacy interventions in comparison to traditional literacy instruction (TLI). One of the interventions was reciprocal teaching combined with specifi c self-regulation procedures (RT + SRL). Another intervention was a good-practice program which was designed by a group of teachers (GP). Both treatments were strategy oriented programs to improve reading competence of fi fth graders. In total, there were N = 244 students taking part in this study. To evaluate the effects of the interventions in comparison to TLI we used standardized tests and experimenter-developed reading tasks, and a self-effi cacy scale. The study involved a pretest, posttest, and maintenance test design. Simple contrast analyses indicated that students in the intervention condition RT + SRL outperformed TLI students in reading comprehension and self-effi cacy at post-test and in strategy related task performance at post-and maintenance test. Students in the intervention condition GP, however, demonstrated no better results than students of TLI.