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Nocardioides alcanivorans sp. nov., a novel hexadecane-degrading species isolated from plastic waste
(2022)
Strain NGK65(T), a novel hexadecane degrading, non-motile, Gram-positive, rod-to-coccus shaped, aerobic bacterium, was isolated from plastic polluted soil sampled at a landfill.
Strain NGK65(T) hydrolysed casein, gelatin, urea and was catalase-positive. It optimally grew at 28 degrees C. in 0-1% NaCl and at pH 7.5-8.0. Glycerol, D-glucose, arbutin, aesculin, salicin, potassium 5-ketogluconate. sucrose, acetate, pyruvate and hexadecane were used as sole carbon sources.
The predominant membrane fatty acids were iso-C-16:0 followed by iso-C(17:)0 and C-18:1 omega 9c. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and hydroxyphosphatidylinositol.
The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3 gamma, with LL-diaminopimelic acid and glycine as the diagnostic amino acids. MK 8 (H-4) was the predominant menaquinone. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGK65(T) belongs to the genus Nocardioides (phylum Actinobacteria). appearing most closely related to Nocardioides daejeonensis MJ31(T) (98.6%) and Nocardioides dubius KSL-104(T) (98.3%).
The genomic DNA G+C content of strain NGK65(T) was 68.2%.
Strain NGK65(T) and the type strains of species involved in the analysis had average nucleotide identity values of 78.3-71.9% as well as digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between 22.5 and 19.7%, which clearly indicated that the isolate represents a novel species within the genus Nocardioides.
Based on phenotypic and molecular characterization, strain NGK65(T) can clearly be differentiated from its phylogenetic neighbours to establish a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides alcanivorans sp. nov. is proposed.
The type strain is NGK65(T) (=DSM 113112(T)=NCCB 100846(T)).
The imagination of clearly separated core-shell structures is already outdated by the fact, that the nanoparticle core-shell structures remain in terms of efficiency behind their respective bulk material due to intermixing between core and shell dopant ions. In order to optimize the photoluminescence of core-shell UCNP the intermixing should be as small as possible and therefore, key parameters of this process need to be identified. In the present work the Ln(III) ion migration in the host lattices NaYF4 and NaGdF4 was monitored. These investigations have been performed by laser spectroscopy with help of lanthanide resonance energy transfer (LRET) between Eu(III) as donor and Pr(III) or Nd(III) as acceptor. The LRET is evaluated based on the Forster theory. The findings corroborate the literature and point out the migration of ions in the host lattices. Based on the introduced LRET model, the acceptor concentration in the surrounding of one donor depends clearly on the design of the applied core-shell-shell nanoparticles. In general, thinner intermediate insulating shells lead to higher acceptor concentration, stronger quenching of the Eu(III) donor and subsequently stronger sensitization of the Pr(III) or the Nd(III) acceptors. The choice of the host lattice as well as of the synthesis temperature are parameters to be considered for the intermixing process.