Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (37)
- Postprint (9)
- Other (2)
- Conference Proceeding (1)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
- Preprint (1)
Language
- English (51)
Keywords
- eye movements (9)
- spatial frequencies (8)
- Eye movements (6)
- reading (6)
- scene viewing (6)
- Perceptual span (4)
- attention (4)
- gaze-contingent displays (4)
- color (3)
- embodied cognition (3)
- eye-voice span (3)
- hemispheric asymmetry (3)
- object search (3)
- saccades (3)
- spatial-numerical associations (3)
- synchronization (3)
- tunnel vision (3)
- working memory updating (3)
- Chinese (2)
- Moving window (2)
- Reading development (2)
- SNARC (2)
- central and peripheral vision (2)
- corpus dataset (2)
- mental number line (MNL) (2)
- newborns (2)
- psychologinguistics (2)
- scene memorization (2)
- spatial frequency (SF) (2)
- temporal frequency (2)
- Attention (1)
- Brinley analysis (1)
- Brinley plot (1)
- Brinley-Analyse (1)
- Brinley-Plot (1)
- Cohesion (1)
- Defocused attention (1)
- Discourse semantics (1)
- Dyslexia (1)
- Dyslexic children (1)
- Dysphoria (1)
- Eye movement (1)
- Eye tracking (1)
- Eye-tracking (1)
- Film (1)
- Fixational eye movements (1)
- Gaze-contingent displays (1)
- German (1)
- Linear mixed model (1)
- Longitudinal study (1)
- Memory-guided saccades (1)
- Mental arithmetic (1)
- Mental number line (1)
- Moving window paradigm (1)
- Multimodality (1)
- Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (1)
- Parafoveal processing (1)
- Rapid automatized naming (1)
- Reading (1)
- Regressionsmodell (1)
- Reiz-Reaktions-Zuordnung (1)
- SNARC effect (1)
- Saccade-target selection (1)
- Scene viewing (1)
- Spatial frequencies (1)
- Stroop (1)
- Visual world paradigm (1)
- Visually-guided saccades (1)
- asymmetry (1)
- central and peripheral (1)
- cognitive aging (1)
- computational modeling (1)
- development (1)
- episodic accumulators (1)
- episodische Akkumulatoren (1)
- fixation durations (1)
- foveal load (1)
- frequency tuning (1)
- global (1)
- kognitives Altern (1)
- local (1)
- motion discrimination (1)
- numerical cognition (1)
- oral reading (1)
- parafoveal (1)
- parafoveal preview (1)
- parafoveal-on-foveal effects (1)
- perception-action-coupling (1)
- perceptual span (1)
- preview benefit (1)
- psycholinguistics (1)
- psychophysics (1)
- regression model (1)
- scene perception (1)
- semantic preview cost (1)
- semantic priming (1)
- sequence learning (1)
- spatial (1)
- spatial vision (1)
- stimulus-response mapping (1)
- temporal frequencies (1)
- vision (1)
Institute
To construct a coherent multi-modal percept, vertebrate brains extract low-level features (such as spatial and temporal frequencies) from incoming sensory signals. However, because frequency processing is lateralized with the right hemisphere favouring low frequencies while the left favours higher frequencies, this introduces asymmetries between the hemispheres. Here, we describe how this lateralization shapes the development of several cognitive domains, ranging from visuo-spatial and numerical cognition to language, social cognition, and even aesthetic appreciation, and leads to the emergence of asymmetries in behaviour. We discuss the neuropsychological and educational implications of these emergent asymmetries and suggest future research approaches.
What is the time course of activation of phonological information in logographic writing systems like Chinese, in which meaning is prioritized over sound? We used a manipulation of phonological regularity to examine foveal and parafoveal phonological processing of Chinese phonograms at lexical and sublexical levels during Chinese sentence reading in 2 eye-tracking experiments. In Experiment 1, using an error disruption task during silent reading, we observed foveal lexical phonological activation in second-pass reading. In Experiment 2, using the boundary paradigm, both parafoveal lexical and sublexical phonological preview benefits were found in first-fixation duration in oral reading, whereas only lexical phonological benefits were found in gaze duration during silent reading. Thus, phonological information had earlier and more pronounced parafoveal effects in oral reading, and these extended to sublexical processing. These results are compatible with the view that oral reading prioritizes parafoveal phonological processing in Chinese.
The visual number world
(2018)
In the domain of language research, the simultaneous presentation of a visual scene and its auditory description (i.e., the visual world paradigm) has been used to reveal the timing of mental mechanisms. Here we apply this rationale to the domain of numerical cognition in order to explore the differences between fast and slow arithmetic performance, and to further study the role of spatial-numerical associations during mental arithmetic. We presented 30 healthy adults simultaneously with visual displays containing four numbers and with auditory addition and subtraction problems. Analysis of eye movements revealed that participants look spontaneously at the numbers they currently process (operands, solution). Faster performance was characterized by shorter latencies prior to fixating the relevant numbers and fewer revisits to the first operand while computing the solution. These signatures of superior task performance were more pronounced for addition and visual numbers arranged in ascending order, and for subtraction and numbers arranged in descending order (compared to the opposite pairings). Our results show that the visual number world-paradigm provides on-line access to the mind during mental arithmetic, is able to capture variability in arithmetic performance, and is sensitive to visual layout manipulations that are otherwise not reflected in response time measurements.
The present study explores the perceptual span, that is, the physical extent of the area from which useful visual information is obtained during a single fixation, during oral reading of Chinese sentences. Characters outside a window of legible text were replaced by visually similar characters. Results show that the influence of window size on the perceptual span was consistent across different fixation and oculomotor measures. To maintain normal reading behavior when reading aloud, it was necessary to have information provided from three characters to the right of the fixation. Together with findings from previous research, our findings suggest that the physical size of the perceptual span is smaller when reading aloud than in silent reading. This is in agreement with previous studies in English, suggesting that the mechanisms causing the reduced span in oral reading have a common base that generalizes across languages and writing systems.
Hulleman & Olivers' (H&O's) model introduces variation of the functional visual field (FVF) for explaining visual search behavior. Our research shows how the FVF can be studied using gaze-contingent displays and how FVF variation can be implemented in models of gaze control. Contrary to H&O, we believe that fixation duration is an important factor when modeling visual search behavior.
The present study explores the perceptual span, that is, the physical extent of
the area from which useful visual information is obtained during a single
fixation, during oral reading of Chinese sentences. Characters outside a
window of legible text were replaced by visually similar characters. Results
show that the influence of window size on the perceptual span was consistent
across different fixation and oculomotor measures. To maintain normal
reading behavior when reading aloud, it was necessary to have information
provided from three characters to the right of the fixation. Together with
findings from previous research, our findings suggest that the physical size of
the perceptual span is smaller when reading aloud than in silent reading. This
is in agreement with previous studies in English, suggesting that the mechanisms
causing the reduced span in oral reading have a common base that
generalizes across languages and writing systems.
Visuospatial attention and gaze control depend on the interaction of foveal and peripheral processing. The foveal and peripheral regions of the visual field are differentially sensitive to parts of the spatial frequency spectrum. In two experiments, we investigated how the selective attenuation of spatial frequencies in the central or the peripheral visual field affects eye-movement behavior during real-world scene viewing. Gaze-contingent low-pass or high-pass filters with varying filter levels (i.e., cutoff frequencies; Experiment 1) or filter sizes (Experiment 2) were applied. Compared to unfiltered control conditions, mean fixation durations increased most with central high-pass and peripheral low-pass filtering. Increasing filter size prolonged fixation durations with peripheral filtering, but not with central filtering. Increasing filter level prolonged fixation durations with low-pass filtering, but not with high-pass filtering. These effects indicate that fixation durations are not always longer under conditions of increased processing difficulty. Saccade amplitudes largely adapted to processing difficulty: amplitudes increased with central filtering and decreased with peripheral filtering; the effects strengthened with increasing filter size and filter level. In addition, we observed a trade-off between saccade timing and saccadic selection, since saccade amplitudes were modulated when fixation durations were unaffected by the experimental manipulations. We conclude that interactions of perception and gaze control are highly sensitive to experimental manipulations of input images as long as the residual information can still be accessed for gaze control. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Coupling of attention and saccades when viewing scenes with central and peripheral degradation
(2016)
Degrading real-world scenes in the central or the peripheral visual field yields a characteristic pattern: Mean saccade amplitudes increase with central and decrease with peripheral degradation. Does this pattern reflect corresponding modulations of selective attention? If so, the observed saccade amplitude pattern should reflect more focused attention in the central region with peripheral degradation and an attentional bias toward the periphery with central degradation. To investigate this hypothesis, we measured the detectability of peripheral (Experiment 1) or central targets (Experiment 2) during scene viewing when low or high spatial frequencies were gaze-contingently filtered in the central or the peripheral visual field. Relative to an unfiltered control condition, peripheral filtering induced a decrease of the detection probability for peripheral but not for central targets (tunnel vision). Central filtering decreased the detectability of central but not of peripheral targets. Additional post hoc analyses are compatible with the interpretation that saccade amplitudes and direction are computed in partial independence. Our experimental results indicate that task-induced modulations of saccade amplitudes reflect attentional modulations.
The perceptual span is a standard measure of parafoveal processing, which is considered highly important for efficient reading. Is the perceptual span a stable indicator of reading performance? What drives its development? Do initially slower and faster readers converge or diverge over development? Here we present the first longitudinal data on the development of the perceptual span in elementary school children. Using the moving window technique, eye movements of 127 German children in three age groups (Grades 1, 2, and 3 in Year 1) were recorded at two time points (T1 and T2) 1 year apart. Introducing a new measure of the perceptual span, nonlinear mixed-effects modeling was used to separate window size effects from asymptotic reading performance. Cross-sectional differences were well replicated longitudinally. Asymptotic reading rate increased monotonously with grade, but in a decelerating fashion. A significant change in the perceptual span was observed only between Grades 2 and 3. Together with results from a cross-lagged panel model, this suggests that the perceptual span increases as a consequence of relatively well established word reading. Stabilities of observed and predicted reading rates were high after Grade 1, whereas the perceptual span was only moderately stable for all grades. Comparing faster and slower readers as assessed at T1, in general, a pattern of stable between-group differences emerged rather than a compensatory pattern; second and third graders even showed a Matthew effect in reading rate and the perceptual span, respectively. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.