Refine
Year of publication
- 2021 (1491) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (1491) (remove)
Keywords
- COVID-19 (17)
- Germany (10)
- USA (9)
- United States (9)
- climate change (8)
- diffusion (8)
- machine learning (8)
- moderne jüdische Geschichte (8)
- Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (7)
- analysis (7)
Institute
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (128)
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (128)
- Institut für Chemie (121)
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (97)
- Department Psychologie (70)
- Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie (68)
- Extern (63)
- Historisches Institut (59)
- Fachgruppe Betriebswirtschaftslehre (56)
- Fachgruppe Politik- & Verwaltungswissenschaft (52)
- Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften (48)
- Department Erziehungswissenschaft (47)
- Department Linguistik (47)
- Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH (43)
- Bürgerliches Recht (42)
- Institut für Mathematik (38)
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft (37)
- Institut für Jüdische Studien und Religionswissenschaft (35)
- Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering gGmbH (34)
- Fachgruppe Volkswirtschaftslehre (32)
- Institut für Romanistik (27)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (27)
- Öffentliches Recht (25)
- Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften (20)
- Institut für Germanistik (18)
- Sozialwissenschaften (17)
- Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik (16)
- Strafrecht (16)
- Institut für Informatik und Computational Science (15)
- Philosophische Fakultät (15)
- Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften (15)
- MenschenRechtsZentrum (14)
- Fachgruppe Soziologie (13)
- Institut für Künste und Medien (12)
- WeltTrends e.V. Potsdam (12)
- Verband für Patholinguistik e. V. (vpl) (11)
- Department für Inklusionspädagogik (9)
- Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. (9)
- Institut für Jüdische Theologie (8)
- Institut für Philosophie (8)
- Institut für Slavistik (8)
- Arbeitskreis Militär und Gesellschaft in der Frühen Neuzeit e. V. (7)
- Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultät (7)
- Department Grundschulpädagogik (5)
- Klassische Philologie (5)
- Zentrum für Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung (ZeLB) (4)
- Hochschulambulanz (3)
- Moses Mendelssohn Zentrum für europäisch-jüdische Studien e. V. (3)
- Strukturbereich Bildungswissenschaften (3)
- Universitätsbibliothek (3)
- Department Musik und Kunst (2)
- Patholinguistics/Neurocognition of Language (2)
- Botanischer Garten (1)
- Chief Information Officer (CIO) (1)
- Digital Engineering Fakultät (1)
- Institut für Religionswissenschaft (1)
- Juristische Fakultät (1)
- Kanzler (1)
- Lehreinheit für Wirtschafts-Arbeit-Technik (1)
- Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät (1)
- Potsdam Transfer - Zentrum für Gründung, Innovation, Wissens- und Technologietransfer (1)
- Universitätsleitung und Verwaltung (1)
Carbonate minerals are common in both marine and lacustrine records, and are frequently used for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The sedimentary sequence of the endorheic Dead Sea and its precursors contain aragonite laminae that provide a detailed sedimentary archive of climatic, hydrologic, limnologic and environmental conditions since the Pleistocene. However, the interpretation of these archives requires a detailed understanding of the constraints and mechanisms affecting CaCO3 precipitation, which are still debated. The implications of aragonite precipitation in the Dead Sea and in its late Pleistocene predecessor (Lake Lisan) were investigated in this study by mixing natural and synthetic brines with a synthetic bicarbonate solution that mimics flash-floods composition, with and without the addition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Aragonite precipitation was monitored, and precipitation rates and carbonate yields were calculated and are discussed with respect to modern aquatic environments. The experimental insights on aragonite precipitation are then integrated with microfacies analyses in order to reconstruct and constrain prevailing limnogeological processes and their hydroclimatic drivers under low (interglacial) and high (glacial) lake level stands. Aragonite precipitation took place within days to several weeks after the mixing of the brines with a synthetic bicarbonate solution. Incubation time was proportional to bicarbonate concentration, and precipitation rates were partially influenced by ionic strength. Additionally, extracellular polymeric substances inhibited aragonite precipitation for several months. As for the lake's water budget, our calculations suggest that the precipitation of a typical aragonite lamina (0.5 mm thick) during high lake stand requires unreasonable freshwater inflow from either surface or subsurface sources. This discrepancy can be resolved by considering one or a combination of the following scenarios; (1) discontinuous aragonite deposition over parts of the lake floor; (2) supply of additional carbonate flux (or fluxes) to the lake from aeolian dust and the remobilization and dissolution of dust deposits at the watershed; (3) carbonate production via oxidation of organic carbon by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Altogether, it is suggested that aragonite laminae thickness cannot be directly interpreted for quantitatively reconstructing the hydrological balance for the entire lake, they may still prove valuable for identifying inherent hydroclimatic periodicities at a single site.
"BreaThink"
(2021)
Cognition is shaped by signals from outside and within the body. Following recent evidence of interoceptive signals modulating higher-level cognition, we examined whether breathing changes the production and perception of quantities. In Experiment 1, 22 adults verbally produced on average larger random numbers after inhaling than after exhaling. In Experiment 2, 24 further adults estimated the numerosity of dot patterns that were briefly shown after either inhaling or exhaling. Again, we obtained on average larger responses following inhalation than exhalation. These converging results extend models of situated cognition according to which higher-level cognition is sensitive to transient interoceptive states.
The existential threat to small businesses, based on their crucial role in the economy, is behind the plethora of scholarly studies in 2020, the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Examining the 15 contributions of the special issue on the “Economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on entrepreneurship and small businesses,” the paper comprises four parts: a systematic review of the literature on the effect on entrepreneurship and small businesses; a discussion of four literature strands based on this review; an overview of the contributions in this special issue; and some ideas for post-pandemic economic research.
CrashNet
(2021)
Destructive car crash tests are an elaborate, time-consuming, and expensive necessity of the automotive development process. Today, finite element method (FEM) simulations are used to reduce costs by simulating car crashes computationally. We propose CrashNet, an encoder-decoder deep neural network architecture that reduces costs further and models specific outcomes of car crashes very accurately. We achieve this by formulating car crash events as time series prediction enriched with a set of scalar features. Traditional sequence-to-sequence models are usually composed of convolutional neural network (CNN) and CNN transpose layers. We propose to concatenate those with an MLP capable of learning how to inject the given scalars into the output time series. In addition, we replace the CNN transpose with 2D CNN transpose layers in order to force the model to process the hidden state of the set of scalars as one time series. The proposed CrashNet model can be trained efficiently and is able to process scalars and time series as input in order to infer the results of crash tests. CrashNet produces results faster and at a lower cost compared to destructive tests and FEM simulations. Moreover, it represents a novel approach in the car safety management domain.
We report on the multiple response of microgels triggered by a single optical stimulus. Under irradiation, the volume of the microgels is reversibly switched by more than 20 times. The irradiation initiates two different processes: photo-isomerization of the photo-sensitive surfactant, which forms a complex with the anionic microgel, rendering it photo-responsive; and local heating due to a thermo-plasmonic effect within the structured gold layer on which the microgel is deposited. The photo-responsivity is related to the reversible accommodation/release of the photo-sensitive surfactant depending on its photo-isomerization state, while the thermo-sensitivity is intrinsically built in. We show that under exposure to green light, the thermo-plasmonic effect generates a local hot spot in the gold layer, resulting in the shrinkage of the microgel. This process competes with the simultaneous photo-induced swelling. Depending on the position of the laser spot, the spatiotemporal control of reversible particle shrinking/swelling with a predefined extent on a per-second base can be implemented.
Confidence Counts
(2021)
The increasing reliance on online learning in higher education has been further expedited by the on-going Covid-19 pandemic. Students need to be supported as they adapt to this new learning environment. Research has established that learners with positive online learning self-efficacy beliefs are more likely to persevere and achieve their higher education goals when learning online. In this paper, we explore how MOOC design can contribute to the four sources of self-efficacy beliefs posited by Bandura [4]. Specifically, we will explore, drawing on learner reflections, whether design elements of the MOOC, The Digital Edge: Essentials for the Online Learner, provided participants with the necessary mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and affective regulation opportunities, to evaluate and develop their online learning self-efficacy beliefs. Findings from a content analysis of discussion forum posts show that learners referenced three of the four information sources when reflecting on their experience of the MOOC. This paper illustrates the potential of MOOCs as a pedagogical tool for enhancing online learning self-efficacy among students.
Introduction
(2021)
Background
Static stretching (SS) can impair performance and increase range of motion of a non-exercised or non-stretched muscle, respectively. An underdeveloped research area is the effect of unilateral stretching on non-local force output.
Objective
The objective of this review was to describe the effects of unilateral SS on contralateral, non-stretched, muscle force and identify gaps in the literature.
Methods
A systematic literature search following preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses Protocols guidelines was performed according to prescribed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Weighted means and ranges highlighted the non-local force output response to unilateral stretching. The physiotherapy evidence database scale was used to assess study risk of bias and methodological quality.
Results
Unilateral stretching protocols from six studies involved 6.3 +/- 2 repetitions of 36.3 +/- 7.4 s with 19.3 +/- 5.7 s recovery between stretches. The mean stretch-induced force deficits exhibited small magnitude effect sizes for both the stretched (-6.7 +/- 7.1%, d = -0.35: 0.01 to -1.8) and contralateral, non-stretched, muscles (-4.0 +/- 4.9%, d = , 0.22: 0.08 to 1.1). Control measures exhibited trivial deficits.
Conclusion
The limited literature examining non-local effects of prolonged SS revealed that both the stretched and contralateral, non-stretched, limbs of young adults demonstrate small magnitude force deficits. However, the frequency of studies with these effects were similar with three measures demonstrating deficits, and four measures showing trivial changes. These results highlight the possible global (non-local) effects of prolonged SS. Further research should investigate effects of lower intensity stretching, upper versus lower body stretching, different age groups, incorporate full warm-ups, and identify predominant mechanisms among others.
The chemical nature, the number length of integrated building blocks, as well as their sequence structure impact the phase morphology of multiblock copolymers (MBC) consisting of two non-miscible block types. It is hypothesized that a strictly alternating sequence should impact phase segregation. A library of well-defined MBC obtained by coupling oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) (OCL) of different molecular weights (2, 4, and 8 kDa) with oligotetrahydrofuran (OTHF, 2.9 kDa) via Steglich esterification results in strictly alternating (MBCalt) or random (MBCran) MBC. The three different series has a weight average molecular weight (M-w) of 65 000, 165 000, and 168 000 g mol(-1) for MBCalt and 80 500, 100 000, and 147 600 g mol(-1) for MBCran. When the chain length of OCL building blocks is increased, the tendency for phase segregation is facilitated, which is attributed to the decrease in chain mobility within the MBC. Furthermore, it is found that the phase segregation disturbs the crystallization by causing heterogeneities in the semi-crystalline alignment, which is attributed to an increase of the disorder of the OCL semi-crystalline alignment.