Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (34)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (34) (remove)
Language
- English (34) (remove)
Keywords
- Alexithymia (4)
- Heart rate variability (3)
- Interoceptive awareness (3)
- interoception (3)
- Autonomic response (2)
- Emotions (2)
- Evoked potentials (2)
- Interoception (2)
- Interoceptive sensitivity (2)
- Somatoform disorder (2)
- embodied cognition (2)
- interoceptive sensitivity (2)
- Anxiety (1)
- Autonomic (1)
- Autonomic activity (1)
- Body image (1)
- Body stimuli (1)
- Bulimia nervosa (1)
- Childhood obesity (1)
- Children (1)
- Current source density reconstruction (1)
- Cutaneous pain perception (1)
- Decoupling hypothesis (1)
- Disturbances of embodiment (1)
- EEG (1)
- ERP (1)
- Eating disorder (1)
- Eating disorders (1)
- Embodiment (1)
- Emotion (1)
- Emotion regulation (1)
- Emotional expressions (1)
- Emotional intelligence (1)
- Face categorization (1)
- Facial recognition (1)
- Food deprivation (1)
- Heartbeat perception (1)
- Hunger (1)
- IAPS (1)
- Insula (1)
- Iowa gambling task (1)
- N170 (1)
- N2 (1)
- Overweight (1)
- P2 (1)
- P3 (1)
- Pain threshold (1)
- Pain tolerance (1)
- Perceived arousal (1)
- Reappraisal (1)
- Response (1)
- Self (1)
- Self-regulation (1)
- Skin conductance (1)
- Slow positive wave (1)
- Social performance (1)
- Social stress (1)
- Sympathovagal balance (1)
- Time perception (1)
- Unpleasant stimuli (1)
- action observation (1)
- action perception (1)
- body weight (1)
- bulimia nervosa (1)
- cardiac perception (1)
- childhood development (1)
- children (1)
- decision making (1)
- eating behavior (1)
- eating disorders (1)
- emotion (1)
- emotion regulation (1)
- emotional valence (1)
- emotions (1)
- evoked potentials (1)
- eye movements (1)
- face recognition (1)
- heart cycle (1)
- heartbeat (1)
- heartbeat perception (1)
- interoceptive awareness (1)
- microsaccades (1)
- overweight (1)
- pain threshold (1)
- pain tolerance (1)
- reappraisal (1)
- short-term food deprivation (1)
- somatic-marker hypothesis (1)
- spatial metaphors (1)
- sympathovagal balance (1)
- synchronization (1)
- time interval reproduction (1)
Institute
Olfactory performance of patients with anorexia nervosa and healthy subjects in hunger and satiety
(2008)
The aim of this study was to compare the olfactory performance of anorectic patients and healthy controls with regard to the state of satiety. Using the Sniffin" Sticks, sensitivity to a nonfood odor (n-butanol) and to a food- related odor (isoamyl acetate) was assessed in 12 anorectic females and compared with 24 healthy controls. Threshold tests were performed in a hungry as well as in a satiated state, odor discrimination and odor identification only when satiated. Pleasantness of the odors was recorded. In terms of the non-food odor n-butanol, the olfactory sensitivity of anorectic patients and controls did not differ. Patients with anorexia nervosa had a significantly lower detection threshold for the food-related odor, but only in the hungry condition. Anorectic patients showed significant deficits in odor discrimination and identification, and under-evaluated the pleasantness of isoamyl acetate. Our results suggest an impaired projection from secondary to tertiary olfactory structures in anorexia nervosa, based upon the dichotomy of performance between detection threshold and odor discrimination/dentification. The reduced pleasantness of isoamyl acetate indicates a decreased olfactory responsiveness to food stimuli in anorexia nervosa.
OBJECTIVE: Interoceptive awareness is known to be impaired in eating disorders. To date, it has remained unclear whether this variable is related to the construct of interoceptive sensitivity. Interoceptive sensitivity is considered to be an essential variable in emotional processes. The objective of the study was to elucidate this potential relationship and to clarify whether general interoceptive sensitivity is reduced in anorexia nervosa. METHODS: Using a heartbeat perception task, interoceptive sensitivity was assessed in 28 female patients with anorexia nervosa and 28 matched healthy controls. Questionnaires assessing interoceptive awareness (EDI) and several other variables were also administered. RESULTS: Patients with anorexia nervosa displayed significantly decreased interoceptive sensitivity. They also had more difficulties in interoceptive awareness. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to a decreased ability to recognize certain visceral sensations related to hunger, there is a generally reduced capacity to accurately perceive bodily signals in anorexia nervosa. This highlights the potential importance of interoceptive sensitivity in the pathogenesis of eating disorders.
OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the potential relationship between classification of emotional faces and impaired central processing in eating disorders and to investigate the potential mediatory role of alexithymia and depression in this relationship. METHODS: Visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) to emotional faces and classification performance were assessed in 12 anorexic females and matched healthy controls. RESULTS: Patients with anorexia nervosa showed no modulation of emotional face processing and displayed significantly increased N200 amplitudes in response to all emotional categories and decreased VEPs in response to unpleasant emotional faces in the P300 time range as compared with healthy controls. They also made more mistakes in emotional face recognition, in particular, for neutral, sad, and disgusted content. CONCLUSIONS: There are marked differences in evoked potentials and emotion recognition performances of patients with anorexia nervosa and controls in facial processing. Differences in brain dynamics might contribute to difficulties in the correct recognition of facially expressed emotions, deficits in social functioning, and in turn the maintenance of eating disorders.
Objective: Childhood overweight is related to higher sensitivity for external food cues and less responsiveness towards internal satiety signals. Thus, cognitive psychological models assume an enhanced food attention bias underlying overeating behavior. Nevertheless, this question has only been sparsely investigated so far in younger children and it remains open whether restrained eating behavior plays a correlative role.
Methods: The present study investigated this specific information processing bias for food relevant stimuli in 34 overweight children between 6 and 10 years and 34 normal weight children matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status. Children completed a computerized Food Picture Interference task that assessed reaction time interference effects towards high and low calorie food pictures. Level of hunger and restrained eating were assessed via self-report.
Results: Results indicated that while finding no group difference in general processing speed or hunger level before the task, overweight children showed a higher attentional bias to food pictures than normal weight children. No effect of caloric density was found. However, surprisingly, the interference effect was negatively related to restrained eating in the overweight group only.
Conclusion: The found hypersensitivity for food cues independent of calorie content in overweight children appears to be related to dysfunctional eating, so that future research should consider strategies for attentional retraining.