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Organic Farming as a Compensatory Measure German's agricultural land is not only being gobbled up by development; whole sections are being bought up in compensation for interventions made elsewhere, thus rapidly decimating the countrie's farming land resources. For this reason, calls are being made to take land that is converted from conventional to organic farming and add it to the pool of "compensation" areas, thus killing two birds - one of them being the establishment of more organic farming - with one stone. Various German regions have adopted the approach. Although organic farming serves both agricultural and environmental objectives, it cannot cover all the requirements of nature conservation. For example, it benefits abiotic resources such as soil and water through its use of natural fertilizers and erosion-combating cultivation, but can do little to protect highly endangered species and biotopes. Moreover, organic farms do not necessarily meet the legal requirement that compensation land must fulfil a similar function to the land it is "compensating" for. In other words, land converted to organic farming cannot necessarily ameliorate or compensate for impact on biotopes and species elsewhere. Regarding this approach as a solution to the rapid disappearance of farming land simply diverts attnetion away from the real cause: Urban sprawl and road building.
Impacts of agricultural land use on the environment are various and do not contribute to modifications of the ecology of central European landscapes. They do not only cause a progressive reduction of the number of plant ans animal specis typical for central Europe. Ever since the increasing intensification of farming, from the application of large amounts of fertilizers and pesticides to the use of increasingly larger machinery and progressive specialization there has also been an increase of other, hitherto little noticed environmental impacts. Heavy machinery and cultivation during disadvantageous weather will provoke soil compaction. Unvarying crop rotation systems and plouging of terrain too steep for it will increase water erosion. Due to groundwater lowering former peat lands are increasingly prone to desiccation and thus extremely susceptible to wind erosion. High rates of fertilizer application contiuously increase the risk of nitrate eluviation into the groundwater. These hazards are explained and measures of reduction are shown. The latter are indeed compatible with the aims of intensive farming but with less negative consequences for the environment. Above all they make sure that future generations will be able to continue farming the agricultural lands of central Europe that have been under cultivation for thousands of years.
Der rasante EDV-technische Fortschritt ermöglicht eine zunehmende Integration von Landschaftsbildvisualisierungen in Planungs- und Verfahrensabläufe, etwa um optisch wahrnehmbare Landschaftsbeeinträchtigungen oder die Entwicklung möglicher Ausgleichs- und Ersatzmaßnahmen zu veranschaulichen. Um der Gefahr einer möglichen Manipulation oder einer unsachgemäßen Anwendung von Visualsierungen entgegenzuwirken, gilt es, Mindestanforderungen an derartige Visualisierungen im Rahmen der Eingriffsregelung zu formulieren. Der Beitrag entwickelt Ansatzpunkte für eine Diskussion zu derartigen fachlichen Normen und veranschaulicht anhand von Beispielen die zielgerichtete Einsetzbarkeit verschiedener Visualisierungstechniken.