Staat, Recht und Politik – Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere = State, Law, and Politics - Research and Discussion Papers
ISSN (online) 2509-6974
URN urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-series-914
Herausgegeben von apl. Prof. Dr. iur. Norman Weiß, Universität Potsdam
Die Reihe der Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere bietet eine Vielfalt an rechtlich und rechtspolitisch relevanten Themen aus den Bereichen des nationalen und internationalen Öffentlichen Rechts. Den Forschungsschwerpunkten der Professur entsprechend handelt es sich dabei insbesondere um das deutsche Verfassungsrecht, das Recht der Vereinten Nationen und den internationalen Schutz der Menschenrechte. Behandelt werden sowohl Grundsatzfragen als auch aktuelle Herausforderungen. Mit den Veröffentlichungen kommuniziert die Professur damit einerseits die Ergebnisse ihrer Forschungsleistungen, andererseits stellen die Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere einen Beitrag zur aktuellen Diskussion dar. Die Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere stehen auch Studierenden und Nachwuchswissenschaftler*innen offen; sie durchlaufen ein internes Begutachtungsverfahren.
The series of research and discussion papers offers a variety of legally and politically relevant topics from the areas of national and international public law. According to the main research areas of the professorship, these are in particular German constitutional law, United Nations law, and the international protection of human rights. Both fundamental issues and current challenges are dealt with. With these publications, the professorship communicates the results of its research achievements on the one hand, and on the other, the research and discussion papers represent a contribution to the current discussion. The research and discussion papers are also open to students and young researchers; they undergo an internal review process.
URN urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-series-914
Herausgegeben von apl. Prof. Dr. iur. Norman Weiß, Universität Potsdam
Die Reihe der Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere bietet eine Vielfalt an rechtlich und rechtspolitisch relevanten Themen aus den Bereichen des nationalen und internationalen Öffentlichen Rechts. Den Forschungsschwerpunkten der Professur entsprechend handelt es sich dabei insbesondere um das deutsche Verfassungsrecht, das Recht der Vereinten Nationen und den internationalen Schutz der Menschenrechte. Behandelt werden sowohl Grundsatzfragen als auch aktuelle Herausforderungen. Mit den Veröffentlichungen kommuniziert die Professur damit einerseits die Ergebnisse ihrer Forschungsleistungen, andererseits stellen die Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere einen Beitrag zur aktuellen Diskussion dar. Die Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere stehen auch Studierenden und Nachwuchswissenschaftler*innen offen; sie durchlaufen ein internes Begutachtungsverfahren.
The series of research and discussion papers offers a variety of legally and politically relevant topics from the areas of national and international public law. According to the main research areas of the professorship, these are in particular German constitutional law, United Nations law, and the international protection of human rights. Both fundamental issues and current challenges are dealt with. With these publications, the professorship communicates the results of its research achievements on the one hand, and on the other, the research and discussion papers represent a contribution to the current discussion. The research and discussion papers are also open to students and young researchers; they undergo an internal review process.
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12
Dieses Papier thematisiert die völkerstrafrechtliche Einordnung rein störender, also nicht zerstörender Cyberoperationen. Nach der erforderlichen Begriffsklärung werden die einzelnen Fragen der Anwendbarkeit des Völkerstrafrechts erörtert und geprüft, welche Tatbestände durch solche Aktionen verwirklicht werden können.
11
This paper examines the attempts of implement-ing components of the concept called Civiliza-tional Hexagon as a pathway to civilizing conflict in the Sub-Saharan Africa in the post-Cold War period. Despite significant decline in the violent conflict and substantial progress socio-economic aspects in the period, most states in the region have been facing challenges in their way to civilize conflict related to absence of inclusive political system, weak state unable to monopolize the use of violence in its territory, and social injustice. On the other hand, states like Botswana and Mauritius managed to civilize conflict through significant improvement in democratic consolidation. Besides their relative success in implementing six elements, these states enabled to integrate traditional institutions with modern state apparatus that helped them to fill the gap created as result of exogenous state formation process and the resulting unfinished nation-building project. Additionally, traditional institutions contributed to managing diversity.
10
This paper evaluates the construction of the rights of human rights defenders within international law and its shortcomings in protecting women. Human rights defenders have historically been defined on the basis of their actions as defenders. However, as Marxist-feminist scholar Silvia Federici contends, women are inherently politicised and, moreover, face obstacles to political action which are invisible to and untouchable by the law. Labour rights set an example of handling such a disadvantaged political position by placing vital importance on workers’ right to association and collective action. The paper closes with the suggestion that transposing this construction of rights to women would better protect women as human rights defenders while emphasising their capacity for self-determination in their political actions.
9
Auftrag und Möglichkeiten der Kommission für Friedenskonsolidierung im System der Vereinten Nationen
(2019)
Vor dem Hintergrund der international steigenden Zahl an Konfliktrückfällen insbesondere im Anschluss an bereits offiziell für beendet erklärte Bürgerkriege und die daraus folgende zunehmende Relevanz von Peacebuilding-Maßnahmen der internationalen Gemeinschaft, wird in diesem Beitrag die Arbeit der Kommission für Friedenskonsolidierung der Vereinten Nationen untersucht. Einerseits werden hierbei, nach einigen einführenden Erläuterungen zum Begriff der Friedenskonsolidierung an sich sowie der Zusammensetzung und Funktionsweise der Kommission, zunächst ihre einzelnen Aufträge systematisch unter Einordnung in den Kontext des Peacebuilding-Systems der Vereinten Nationen herausgearbeitet und eine auswertende Bilanz unter ihre bisherige Erfüllung gezogen. Daran anschließend erfolgt eine Darstellung der zukünftigen Möglichkeiten der Kommission im Bereich der Friedenskonsolidierung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihres Potenzials innerhalb des Systems der Vereinten Nationen sowie der einschlägigen völkerrechtlichen Aspekte.
8
The Forgotten War: Yemen
(2019)
The conflict in Yemen seems forgotten considering the worldwide severe humanitarian catastrophes. Nevertheless, since the conflict escalated around four years ago, it became one of the worst humanitarian crises in recent history and has no end in sight. Thousands of people were killed even more displaced and the country is facing tremendous food insecurity as well as the world’s largest cholera outbreak. It is no longer just a civil war between the Houthi- and Hadi-Faction. International interests play a major role and made it a proxy war between Saudi Arabia (and its allies) on one side and Iran on the other. This all happens at the expense of the civilian population. Therefore, it is urgent to analyse the actors involved, their interests within the conflict and furthermore searching for possibilities to overcome it.
7
Unfolding the history of one of the oldest human val-ues, the freedom of expression, while defining its limits, is a complicated task. Does freedom stop where hate starts? This very old dilemma is -now more than ever before- revealing new dimensions. Politicians and new laws aim at regulating free expression, while disagree-ments over such regulation gradually become a source of endless conflict in newly formed multicultural, inter-connected, and digitized societies. The example of the Network Enforcement Act is used to understand the idea of restrictive legal practices in Germany, but also to enlighten the fact that law is a human construction which was created in order to regulate communication among individuals. Alternative practices, to straight legal ones, are summarized to show other dimensions of regulating hate speech without involving top-down approaches. The article proposes the approach of re-storative justice as a combination of legal and medita-tive practices in cases of hate speech. One advantage of the restorative justice approach elaborated in this arti-cle is the potential to remedy the inner hate and the pain, both of the victim and perpetrator. Finally, reveal-ing parts of history and new aspects of the ‘hate speech-puzzle’, leads to a questioning of contemporary social structures that possibly generate hate itself.
6
The phenomenon of male-to-male sexual assault undoubtedly occurs, both in domestic and conflict contexts. There is a small but growing discourse supporting the analysis of this phenomenon, however it remains significantly limited and its growth disproportionate to the concerns it warrants. The international law, NGO and State actors are largely responsible for this inhibition, predominately attributable to their intent in preserving the feminist and patriarchal values on which their institutions are founded. The strength with which the feminist discourse has embedded itself into the agendas of relevant actors is obstructing attempts at unbiased analysis of gender-based violence and the development of a discourse dedicated to understanding male sexual assault. It appears to be a prevailing sector-wide perception that females are the only victims of sexual violence and that creating space for a discussion on male-sexual assault will detract worth from the feminist discourse on female sexual assault. This paper discusses the means in which the sectors ignorance towards male sexual assault manifests and the harmful implications of ignoring this phenomenon. The author uses contextual analyses from development, international law, and cultural examples.
5
Since 2015, the European Union has struggled to deal with the influx of refugees coming into its territories. The number of institutions involved in designing a competent response approach, com-bined with the unilateral and uncoordinated state reactions, have left unclear where to look for when searching for answers and new alternatives. Can the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) take a leading role in solving this and future crises? After a brief recapitulation of the crisis, an analysis of UNHCR’s statue, relationship to international law, and doctrine will put this question to the test while exploring options that are not only available but also feasible in a system where politics trump both legality and morality. If UNHCR is to play an active role in fu-ture refugee policies and become the lead agency it once was, a new daring and innovative approach has to emerge in order to readapt to the power relations that prevail in the twenty-first century.
1
Heute sind die Themen Frauen und Frieden auf der Ebene der Sicherheitspolitik der Vereinten Nationen als Resultat von Resolution 1325 (2000) eng miteinander verbunden. Welche rechtlichen und tatsächlichen Konsequenzen haben sich aus dieser Entwicklung einerseits für die Arbeit der Vereinten Nationen selbst, andererseits für die Mitgliedstaaten ergeben und wie steht es um ihre Umsetzung? Die Studie zeichnet die WPS-Agenda nach und diskutiert die diesbezüglichen Aktivitäten der Vereinten Nationen. Die Umsetzungsmaßnahmen Deutschlands werden im Anschluss untersucht und bewertet.