796 Sportarten, Sportspiele
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (38)
- Doctoral Thesis (15)
- Postprint (11)
- Bachelor Thesis (1)
- Monograph/Edited Volume (1)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (66)
Keywords
- athletic performance (5)
- training (5)
- exercise (4)
- stretch-shortening cycle (4)
- MiSpEx (3)
- Youth (3)
- performance (3)
- young athletes (3)
- 24 h recall (2)
- Aging (2)
- Conditioning activity (2)
- Postural stability (2)
- Short‐term effect (2)
- Sport (2)
- Team sports (2)
- Telemedicine (2)
- adolescents (2)
- aerobic metabolism (2)
- anthropometry (2)
- balance (2)
- barbell velocity (2)
- biomechanics (2)
- development (2)
- dietary intake (2)
- electromyography (2)
- elite athletes (2)
- loading rate (2)
- long-distance race car driving (2)
- long-term effects (2)
- low back pain (2)
- multidisciplinary intervention (2)
- periodization (2)
- physiological strain (2)
- pilot study (2)
- plyometric training (2)
- race (2)
- rehabilitation (2)
- relationship (2)
- strength training (2)
- striking combat sports (2)
- sustainability (2)
- time (2)
- 3D motion (1)
- ANP (1)
- Actiheart (1)
- Akzeptanz (1)
- Anthropometrie (1)
- Aqua-Cycling (1)
- Aqua-Fitness (1)
- Arbeitsmarkt (1)
- Balance (1)
- Berufe (1)
- CLBP (1)
- Cardiorespiratory endurance (1)
- Cellvas (1)
- Cohort study (1)
- Cross-culture (1)
- DXA (1)
- Deutschland und Ägypten Kulturvergleich (1)
- Digital Health (1)
- Dominanz (1)
- EMC (1)
- EMOTIKON (1)
- Electromyography (1)
- Electronic Health (1)
- Elektromyographie (1)
- Elite sport (1)
- Entwicklungen (1)
- Erziehungsberechtigte (1)
- Evaluation (1)
- Expectancy-value (1)
- External loading (1)
- Factor+Analysis (1)
- Factor-analysis (1)
- Faktorenanalyse (1)
- Free moment (1)
- Gait (1)
- Gait quality and quantity (1)
- Generalized (1)
- Germany and Egypt culture comparison (1)
- Geschichte / Bewegungskultur / Berufssport / Spitzensport / Hochleistungssport / Leistungssport / Sport / Leistungssportkommission / LSK / Sportpoliti (1)
- Gesundheit (1)
- Gleichgewicht (1)
- Ground reaction force (1)
- Grundschulkinder (1)
- Grundschüler (1)
- Guardian (1)
- Hemisphaerendominanz (1)
- Immersion (1)
- Intelligenz (1)
- Jugendliche (1)
- Kampfsport (1)
- Kanurennsport (1)
- Kind (1)
- Kinematic (1)
- Kinetic (1)
- Knee valgus (1)
- Kognition (1)
- Lateralität (1)
- Leistungsdiagnostik (1)
- Leistungssport im interkulturellen Vergleich (1)
- Leitfaden (1)
- Linear mixed models (1)
- Lipolyse (1)
- Loading rate (1)
- Lower-extremity perturbations (1)
- Längsschnittstudie (1)
- Längsschnittuntersuchung (1)
- MOBAK (1)
- Maximalkraft (1)
- Mehrschichten-Perzeptron (1)
- Mikrostrom (1)
- Mobile Health (1)
- Motivational and Volitional aspects of competitive sports (1)
- Motivationale und Volitionale Aspekte (1)
- Muscle power (1)
- Neuronales Netz (1)
- Nutzung (1)
- Oberflächenelektromyografie (1)
- PROGRESS (1)
- Physical activity (1)
- Physical fitness (1)
- Physical training (1)
- Quarantine (1)
- RPE (1)
- Referees' Decisions (1)
- Refficacy (1)
- Reliabilität (1)
- Running (1)
- SAMSAQ (1)
- SEMOK (1)
- Sars-CoV-2 (1)
- Schiedsrichterentscheidungen (1)
- Schnellkraft (1)
- Schwimmenlernen (1)
- Schwimmsport (1)
- Selbstorganisierende Karte (1)
- Selbstwirksamkeit (1)
- Self-efficacy (1)
- Sensomotorik (1)
- Somatik (1)
- Sozialisation (1)
- Spielleistung (1)
- Split-belt treadmill (1)
- Sportringen (1)
- Sports Wrestling (1)
- Sportunterricht (1)
- Straßenfußball (1)
- Stretch-shortening cycle (1)
- Stumbling (1)
- Swimming performance (1)
- Telehealth (1)
- Telemedizin (1)
- Telerehabilitation (1)
- Tendinopathie (1)
- Testen (1)
- Theraband training (1)
- Translation (1)
- Treadmill (1)
- Volleyball (1)
- Walking speed (1)
- Wassergewöhnung (1)
- Weighted running (1)
- Young swimmers (1)
- Zuhause (1)
- Zwei-Prozess Modelle (1)
- acceptance (1)
- activities (1)
- additive mixed models (1)
- aerobic exercise (1)
- affective priming (1)
- aging (1)
- an intercultural comparison (1)
- assessment (1)
- athlete (1)
- attention (1)
- autologous chondrocyte implantation (1)
- automatic processes (1)
- automaticity (1)
- automatisch (1)
- blood lactate (1)
- body fat (1)
- capture (1)
- cartilage defect (1)
- cartilage repair (1)
- cell transplantation (1)
- cellvas (1)
- child (1)
- chronische Rückenschmerzen ; Aquatraining ; Rumpfkraft ; Wassertrainingsgerät ; Wirksamkeit (1)
- cognition (1)
- cognitive function (1)
- cognitive skills (1)
- combat sport (1)
- congested calendar (1)
- cyclic sports (1)
- cycling performance (1)
- diagnostics (1)
- dominance of hemisphere (1)
- dose response (1)
- dual-processes (1)
- elderly (1)
- elementary pupils (1)
- elite (1)
- employment (1)
- endurance (1)
- evaluation (1)
- evaluative priming (1)
- exercise prescription (1)
- fat-free mass (1)
- fitness performance (1)
- flat foot (1)
- flat water canoeing (1)
- footwear (1)
- free moment (1)
- functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) (1)
- fundamental movement skills (1)
- gait (1)
- girls (1)
- guide (1)
- health (1)
- health behavior (1)
- heart rate (1)
- high-intensity-interval training (1)
- history / sports / professional sports / competitive sports / commission for competitive sports / politics of sports / Olympics / doping / GDR / witne (1)
- home (1)
- implicit (1)
- implizit (1)
- kindergarten (1)
- knee joint (1)
- körperlich-sportliche Aktivität (1)
- körperliche Aktivität (1)
- körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit (1)
- laterality (1)
- learning to swim (1)
- load-velocity (1)
- load–velocity relationship (1)
- longitudinal design (1)
- longitudinal study (1)
- low back pain ; aquatic exercise machine ; trunk strength ; pain level ; effectiveness (1)
- matched time (1)
- maximum force (1)
- micro current (1)
- monitoring (1)
- motor proficiency (1)
- motor skills (1)
- motor tests (1)
- motorische Tests (1)
- movement of time (1)
- multi-layer perceptron (1)
- multicollinearity (1)
- muscle (1)
- neural inefficiency (1)
- neural networks (1)
- neuroimaging (1)
- neuromuscular control (1)
- neuromuskuläre Kontrolle (1)
- oarsmen (1)
- of daily living (1)
- on-water performance (1)
- orthopaedic (1)
- orthopädische Rehabilitation (1)
- overreaching (1)
- overtraining (1)
- patients (1)
- physical activity (1)
- physical activity program (1)
- physical education (1)
- physical fitness (1)
- physical performance (1)
- postural control (1)
- prefrontal cortex (1)
- psycho-physical parameters (1)
- recovery (1)
- reproducibility (1)
- resistance (1)
- resistance training (1)
- selection (1)
- self-organizing feature map (1)
- sensomotorisches Training (1)
- sensorimotor function (1)
- sensorimotor training (1)
- soccer (1)
- soccer players (1)
- social integration (1)
- socialisation (1)
- somatic variables (1)
- soziale Integration (1)
- specific strength training (1)
- spezifisches Krafttraining (1)
- sport (1)
- sportliche Leistung (1)
- sportliche Leistungsfähigkeit (1)
- sports (1)
- street football (1)
- strength (1)
- structured (1)
- surface electromyography (1)
- swimming (1)
- talent identification (1)
- team sports (1)
- tele-rehabilitation (1)
- tendinopathy (1)
- tendon stiffness (1)
- testing (1)
- training intervention (1)
- training load (1)
- training specificity (1)
- use (1)
- volleyball (1)
- walking capacity (1)
- walking speed (1)
- water familiarization (1)
- water habituation (1)
- weight loss (1)
- weight training (1)
- work-rate distribution (1)
- yellow flags (1)
- young (1)
- young male gymnast (1)
- youth (1)
- youth competitive sport (1)
- youth sports [MeSH] (1)
Institute
- Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften (66) (remove)
The load-depended loss of vertical barbell velocity at the end of the acceleration phase limits the maximum weight that can be lifted. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze how increased barbell loads affect the vertical barbell velocity in the sub-phases of the acceleration phase during the snatch. It was hypothesized that the load-dependent velocity loss at the end of the acceleration phase is primarily associated with a velocity loss during the 1st pull. For this purpose, 14 male elite weightlifters lifted seven load-stages from 70-100% of their personal best in the snatch. The load-velocity relationship was calculated using linear regression analysis to determine the velocity loss at 1st pull, transition, and 2nd pull. A group mean data contrast analysis revealed the highest load-dependent velocity loss for the 1st pull (t = 1.85, p = 0.044, g = 0.49 [-0.05, 1.04]) which confirmed our study hypothesis. In contrast to the group mean data, the individual athlete showed a unique response to increased loads during the acceleration sub-phases of the snatch. With the proposed method, individualized training recommendations on exercise selection and loading schemes can be derived to specifically improve the sub-phases of the snatch acceleration phase. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of single-subject assessment when working with elite athletes in Olympic weightlifting.
Background/objective
Dry land-training (e.g., plyometric jump training) can be a useful mean to improve swimming performance. This study examined the effects of an 8-week plyometric jump training (PJT) program on jump and sport-specific performances in prepubertal female swimmers.
Methods
Twenty-two girls were randomly assigned to either a plyometric jump training group (PJTG; n = 12, age: 10.01 ± 0.57 years, maturity-offset = -1.50 ± 0.50, body mass = 36.39 ± 6.32 kg, body height = 146.90 ± 7.62 cm, body mass index = 16.50 ± 1.73 kg/m2) or an active control (CG; n = 10, age: 10.50 ± 0.28 years, maturity-offset = -1.34 ± 0.51, body mass = 38.41 ± 9.42 kg, body height = 143.60 ± 5.05 cm, body mass index = 18.48 ± 3.77 kg/m2). Pre- and post-training, tests were conducted for the assessment of muscle power (e.g., countermovement-jump [CMJ], standing-long-jump [SLJ]). Sport-specific-performances were tested using the timed 25 and 50-m front crawl with a diving-start, timed 25-m front crawl without push-off from the wall (25-m WP), and a timed 25-m kick without push-off from the wall (25-m KWP).
Results
Findings showed a significant main effect of time for the CMJ (d = 0.78), the SLJ (d = 0.91), 25-m front crawl test (d = 2.5), and the 25-m-KWP (d = 1.38) test. Significant group × time interactions were found for CMJ, SLJ, 25-m front crawl, 50-m front crawl, 25-m KWP, and 25-m WP test (d = 0.29–1.63) in favor of PJTG (d = 1.34–3.50). No significant pre-post changes were found for CG (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
In sum, PJT is effective in improving muscle power and sport-specific performances in prepubertal swimmers. Therefore, PJT should be included from an early start into the regular training program of swimmers.
Background: The relationship between engagement in physical activity and the development of motor competence (MC) is considered to be reciprocal and dynamic throughout childhood and adolescence. The 10-month follow-up study aimed to explore this reciprocal relationship and investigated whether the relationship is mediated by the corresponding self-perception of MC (PMC).
Methods: A total of 51 children aged between 10 and 11 years (M = 10.27 [0.45]) participated in the study (52.9% boys, 47.1% girls). As an indicator for physical activity, the average vigorous physical activity (VPA) per day was measured by ActiGraph accelerometers. Two aspects of MC and PMC were recorded: self-movement and object movement. Saturated pathway models in a cross-lagged panel design with 2 measurement points were analyzed.
Results: Reciprocal and direct relationships between VPA and MC object movement respectively MC self-movement were not found in longitudinal analyses with PMC as a mediator. Indirect effects of MC at t1 on VPA at t2 via PMC were identified (self-movement: beta = 0.13, 95% confidence interval, 0.04 to 0.26; object movement: beta = 0.14, 95% confidence interval, 0.01 to 0.49).
Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of MC and PMC in promoting children's VPA. However, VPA does not drive the development of MC.
Biochemical markers and wellness status during a congested match play period in elite soccer players
(2022)
Objectives:
To analyze biochemical markers, wellness status, and physical fitness in elite soccer players in relation to changes in training and match exposure during a congested period of match play.
Methods:
Fourteen elite soccer players were evaluated 3 times (T1, T2, and T3) over 12 weeks (T1-T2: 6-wk regular period of match play and T2-T3: 6-wk congested period of match play). Players performed vertical jump tests, repeated shuttle sprint ability test, and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test at T1, T2, and T3. Plasma C-reactive protein, creatinine, and creatine kinase were analyzed at T1, T2, and T3. Wellness status was measured daily using the Hopper questionnaire (delayed onset of muscle soreness, stress, fatigue, and sleep quality). Training session rating of perceived exertion was also recorded on a daily basis.
Results:
A significant increase was found in stress, fatigue, delayed onset of muscle soreness scores, and Hopper index during the congested period (between T2 and T3) compared with the regular period (between T1 and T2) (.001 < P < .008, 0.8 < ES < 2.3). Between T2 and T3, significant relationships were found between the percentage variations (Delta%) of C-reactive protein, and Delta% of creatine kinase with the Hopper Index, and the Delta% of fatigue score. In addition, the Delta% of fatigue score and Delta% of delayed onset of muscle soreness score correlated with Delta% Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test and Delta% best of repeated shuttle sprint ability test (.49 < r < P < .01).
Conclusions:
An intensive period of congested match play significantly compromised elite soccer players' physical fitness and wellness status. Elite soccer players' wellness status reflects declines in physical fitness during this period while biochemical changes do not.
Introduction
Anthropometric and physical fitness data can predict sport-specific performance (e.g., canoe sprint race time) in young athletes. Of note, inter-item correlations (i.e., multicollinearity) may exist between tests assessing similar physical qualities. However, multicollinearity among tests may change across age and/or sex due to age-/sex-specific non-linear development of test performances. Therefore, the present study aimed at analyzing inter-item correlations between anthropometric, physical fitness, and sport-specific performance data as a function of age and sex in young canoe sprint athletes.
Methods
Anthropometric, physical fitness, and sport-specific performance data of 618 male and 297 female young canoe sprint athletes (discipline: male/female kayak, male canoe) were recorded during a national talent identification program between 1992 and 2019. For each discipline, a correlation matrix (i.e., network analysis) was calculated for age category (U13, U14, U15, U16) and sex including anthropometrics (e.g., standing body height, body mass), physical fitness (e.g., cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle power), and sport-specific performance (i.e., 250 and 2,000-m on-water canoe sprint time). Network plots were used to explore the correlation patterns by visual inspection. Further, trimmed means (mu(trimmed)) of inter-item Pearson's correlations coefficients were calculated for each discipline, age category, and sex. Effects of age and sex were analyzed using one-way ANOVAs.
Results
Visual inspection revealed consistent associations among anthropometric measures across age categories, irrespective of sex. Further, associations between physical fitness and sport-specific performance were lower with increasing age, particularly in males. In this sense, statistically significant differences for mu(trimmed) were observed in male canoeists (p < 0.01, xi = 0.36) and male kayakers (p < 0.01, xi = 0.38) with lower mu(trimmed) in older compared with younger athletes (i.e., >= U15). For female kayakers, no statistically significant effect of age on mu(trimmed) was observed (p = 0.34, xi = 0.14).
Discussion
Our study revealed that inter-item correlation patterns (i.e., multicollinearity) of anthropometric, physical fitness, and sport-specific performance measures were lower in older (U15, U16) versus younger (U13, U14) male canoe sprint athletes but not in females. Thus, age and sex should be considered to identify predictors for sport-specific performance and design effective testing batteries for talent identification programs in canoe sprint athletes.
Die intensive Auswertung unterschiedlicher schriftlicher und mündlicher Quellen sowie die Erschließung von damals "geheimer" Literatur für die Forschung heute ermöglicht eine differenzierte Rekonstruktion historischer Abläufe. Die vorliegende Arbeit nutzt diesen Zugang zur Darstellung von kleineren und größeren DDR-internen sportpolitischen Strukturwandlungen der 1960er und 1970er Jahre, die ihren Höhepunkt in einer dramatischen Umsteuerung des DDR-Hochleistungssports fanden. Es wird gezeigt, wie die Akteure unter Führung von Manfred EWALD, gewähltem Mitglied des SED-Zentralkomitees, einer Zentralfigur des DDR-Sports (vergleichbar mit der Bedeutung eines Willi DAUME im Westen) zwischen Systemzwängen und individueller Handlungsfreiheit innerhalb des Rahmens einer Diktatur in der Phase des Wechsels von Walter ULBRICHT zu Erich HONECKER eine Effektivierung des zentralistischen Modells durchsetzten (eine Parallele zum Ansatz von Monika KAISER). Im Gegensatz zu vielen kontroversen Erklärungsmodellen belegt der Verf., dass die Medaillenerfolge durch die zentrale Steuerung aller Abläufe gewährleistet wurden. Ohne SED-Auftrag wurde 1967 die "Leistungssportkommission der DDR" (LSK der DDR) gebildet. Im Unterschied zu den zahlreichen vom Verf. erstmals dargestellten Vorgängermodellen war diese SED-LSK "oberhalb des DTSB" angesiedelt und erteilte ihm Parteiaufträge - die Unterordnung des organisierten Sports unter die Autorität des Zentralkomitee machte angesichts der "Nationalen Fronten" von Armeesportvereinigung "Vorwärts" und Sportvereinigung "Dynamo" (SPITZER) jegliche zentrale Sportpolitik erst durchsetzbar. Zur "LSK der DDR" waren SED-Mitglieder abgeordnet, welche ihr Sachgebiet vertraten und nach gemeinsamer Beschlussfassung die Ergebnisse der LSK-Arbeit wiederum in ihrem jeweiligen Tätigkeitsfeld durchzusetzen hatten, was in der Diss. ausgeführt wird. Sportvertreter ebenso wie hochrangige Abgesandte der Ministerien, die mit der Produktion von Gütern für den Hochleistungssport befasst waren, gehörten den LSK-Gremien an, die auch die DDR-Sportwissenschaft steuerten; es lässt sich sogar nachweisen, dass die Herrschaft über diesen wichtigen Apparat sowie die Dopingforschung ein Hauptmotiv der LSK-Bildung gewesen ist. Durch seine Quellenorientierung und die Fülle an Belegen gibt die vorliegende Arbeit neue Anreize zur Auseinandersetzung mit dem Phänomen der Steuerung des Hochleistungssports in der DDR - auch über den Untersuchungszeitraum hinaus. Die Untersuchung wurde von der Humanwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Potsdam als Dissertation angenommen. Sie geht auf ein Stipendium dieser Universität zurück; das Verfahren konnte mit einem Prädikat abgeschlossen werden. Gutachter waren Prof. Dr. Dr. Gertrud PFISTER, Kopenhagen, Prof. Dr. Christoph KLEßMANN, Potsdam, und der Betreuer, Steady Visiting Prof. Univ. Odense, Priv.-Doz. Dr. habil. Giselher SPITZER, Berlin / Potsdam / Odense (Dänemark).
Unexpected perturbations during locomotion can occur during daily life or sports performance. Adequate compensation for such perturbations is crucial in maintaining effective postural control. Studies utilising instrumented treadmills have previously validated perturbed walking protocols, however responses to perturbed running protocols remain less investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a new instrumented treadmill-perturbed running protocol. <br /> Fifteen participants (age = 2 8 +/- 3 years; height = 172 +/- 9 cm; weight = 69 +/- 10 kg; 60% female) completed an 8-minute running protocol at baseline velocity of 2.5 m/s (9 km/h), whilst 15 one-sided belt perturbations were applied (pre-set perturbation characteristics: 150 ms delay (post-heel contact); 2.0 m/s amplitude; 100 ms duration). Perturbation characteristics and EMG responses were recorded. Bland-Altman analysis (BLA) was employed (bias +/- limits of agreement (LOA; bias +/- 1.96*SD)) and intra-individual variability of repeated perturbations was assessed via Coefficients of Variation (CV) (mean +/- SD). <br /> On average, 9.4 +/- 2.2 of 15 intended perturbations were successful. Perturbation delay was 143 +/- 10 ms, amplitude was 1.7 +/- 0.2 m/s and duration was 69 +/- 10 ms. BLA showed -7 +/- 13 ms for delay, -0.3 +/- 0.1 m/s for amplitude and -30 +/- 10 ms for duration. CV showed variability of 19 +/- 4.5% for delay, 58 +/- 12% for amplitude and 30 +/- 7% for duration. EMG RMS amplitudes of the legs and trunk ranged from 113 +/- 25% to 332 +/- 305% when compared to unperturbed gait. This study showed that the application of sudden perturbations during running can be achieved, though with increased variability across individuals. The perturbations with the above characteristics appear to have elicited a neuromuscular response during running.
Development of chronic pain after a low back pain episode is associated with increased pain sensitivity, altered pain processing mechanisms and the influence of psychosocial factors. Although there is some evidence that multimodal therapy (such as behavioral or motor control therapy) may be an important therapeutic strategy, its long-term effect on pain reduction and psychosocial load is still unclear. Prospective longitudinal designs providing information about the extent of such possible long-term effects are missing. This study aims to investigate the long-term effects of a homebased uni- and multidisciplinary motor control exercise program on low back pain intensity, disability and psychosocial variables. 14 months after completion of a multicenter study comparing uni- and multidisciplinary exercise interventions, a sample of one study center (n = 154) was assessed once more. Participants filled in questionnaires regarding their low back pain symptoms (characteristic pain intensity and related disability), stress and vital exhaustion (short version of the Maastricht Vital Exhaustion Questionnaire), anxiety and depression experiences (the Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale), and pain-related cognitions (the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire). Repeated measures mixed ANCOVAs were calculated to determine the long-term effects of the interventions on characteristic pain intensity and disability as well as on the psychosocial variables. Fifty four percent of the sub-sample responded to the questionnaires (n = 84). Longitudinal analyses revealed a significant long-term effect of the exercise intervention on pain disability. The multidisciplinary group missed statistical significance yet showed a medium sized long-term effect. The groups did not differ in their changes of the psychosocial variables of interest. There was evidence of long-term effects of the interventions on pain-related disability, but there was no effect on the other variables of interest. This may be partially explained by participant's low comorbidities at baseline. Results are important regarding costless homebased alternatives for back pain patients and prevention tasks. Furthermore, this study closes the gap of missing long-term effect analysis in this field.
Development of chronic pain after a low back pain episode is associated with increased pain sensitivity, altered pain processing mechanisms and the influence of psychosocial factors. Although there is some evidence that multimodal therapy (such as behavioral or motor control therapy) may be an important therapeutic strategy, its long-term effect on pain reduction and psychosocial load is still unclear. Prospective longitudinal designs providing information about the extent of such possible long-term effects are missing. This study aims to investigate the long-term effects of a homebased uni- and multidisciplinary motor control exercise program on low back pain intensity, disability and psychosocial variables. 14 months after completion of a multicenter study comparing uni- and multidisciplinary exercise interventions, a sample of one study center (n = 154) was assessed once more. Participants filled in questionnaires regarding their low back pain symptoms (characteristic pain intensity and related disability), stress and vital exhaustion (short version of the Maastricht Vital Exhaustion Questionnaire), anxiety and depression experiences (the Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale), and pain-related cognitions (the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire). Repeated measures mixed ANCOVAs were calculated to determine the long-term effects of the interventions on characteristic pain intensity and disability as well as on the psychosocial variables. Fifty four percent of the sub-sample responded to the questionnaires (n = 84). Longitudinal analyses revealed a significant long-term effect of the exercise intervention on pain disability. The multidisciplinary group missed statistical significance yet showed a medium sized long-term effect. The groups did not differ in their changes of the psychosocial variables of interest. There was evidence of long-term effects of the interventions on pain-related disability, but there was no effect on the other variables of interest. This may be partially explained by participant's low comorbidities at baseline. Results are important regarding costless homebased alternatives for back pain patients and prevention tasks. Furthermore, this study closes the gap of missing long-term effect analysis in this field.
Effects of Drop Height on Jump Performance in Male and Female Elite Adolescent Handball Players
(2019)
Purpose: To examine the effects of drop height on drop-jump (DJ) performance and on associations between DJ and horizontal-jump/sprint performances in adolescent athletes. Methods: Male (n = 119, 2.5 [0.6] y post-peak-height velocity) and female (n = 120, 2.5 [0.5] y post-peak-height velocity) adolescent handball players (national level) performed DJs in randomized order using 3 drop heights (20, 35, and 50 cm). DJ performance (jump height, reactive strength index [RSI]) was analyzed using the Optojump Next system. In addition, correlations were computed between DJ height and RSI with standing-long-jump and 20-m linear-sprint performances. Results: Statistical analyses revealed medium-size main effects of drop height for DJ height and RSI (P <.001, 0.63 <= d <= 0.71). Post hoc tests indicated larger DJ heights from 20 to 35 and 35 to 50 cm (P <=.031, 0.33 <= d <= 0.71) and better RSI from 20- to 35-cm drop height (P <.001, d = 0.77). No significant difference was found for RSI between 35- and 50-cm drop height. Irrespective of drop height, associations of DJ height and RSI were small with 5-m-split time (-.27 <= r <=.05), medium with 10-m-split time (-.44 <= r <=.14), and medium to large with 20-m sprint time and standing-long-jump distance (-.57 <= r <=.22). Conclusions: The present findings indicate that, irrespective of sex, 35-cm drop heights are best suited to induce rapid and powerful DJ performance (ie, RSI) during reactive strength training in elite adolescent handball players. Moreover, training-related gains in DJ performance may at least partly translate to gains in horizontal jump and longer sprint distances (ie, >= 20-m) and/or vice versa in male and female elite adolescent athletes, irrespective of drop height.