DOAJ gelistet
Refine
Has Fulltext
- no (247)
Year of publication
- 2019 (247) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (247)
Keywords
- climate change (3)
- ecosystem services (3)
- machine learning (3)
- Oxidative stress (2)
- acid ceramidase (2)
- acid sphingomyelinase (2)
- amino acids (2)
- amitriptyline (2)
- chemotaxis (2)
- climate change adaptation (2)
- cytotoxicity (2)
- drug delivery (2)
- edge effect (2)
- executive functions (2)
- heterogeneity (2)
- hydrology (2)
- inflammation (2)
- local adaptation (2)
- malnutrition (2)
- measles virus (2)
- motivation (2)
- nanocomposite (2)
- photogrammetry (2)
- remote sensing (2)
- spelling (2)
- sphingolipids (2)
- time series analysis (2)
- 3D tissue model (1)
- 3D tomography (1)
- 4-nitrophenol (1)
- 7 macrophages (1)
- ARTOF (1)
- Abies alba (1)
- Abiotic stress (1)
- Active movement (1)
- Acute phase response (1)
- Aeroponic cultivation (1)
- Affordances (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Aging (1)
- Alien species richness (1)
- Alternaria (1)
- Arabidopsis (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (1)
- Arbuscular mycorrhiza (1)
- Astroparticle physics (1)
- Australia (1)
- BMI (1)
- Bayesian inference (1)
- Bayesian inversion (1)
- Bifunctional catalysts (1)
- Biochemistry (1)
- Biodiversity Exploratories (1)
- Biogeography (1)
- Biological Physics (1)
- Biologicals (1)
- Biomarkers (1)
- Blm10 (1)
- Blueschist (1)
- Body temperature (1)
- Brown adipose tissue (1)
- CO2 conditions (1)
- COR15A (1)
- CSD (1)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (1)
- Carbic Podzol (1)
- Carica papaya seeds (1)
- Carpathians (1)
- Catalysis (1)
- Catechin (1)
- Central asia (1)
- Ceramides (1)
- Chopralla (1)
- Citrobacter rodentium (1)
- Climate change impact (1)
- Clinical trial (1)
- ClinicalTrials (1)
- Cloeodes complex (1)
- Clonal plants (1)
- Competitive exclusion (1)
- Computational biology and bioinformatics (1)
- Convolutional neural networks (1)
- Cosmogenic nuclides (1)
- Curcumin (1)
- Cytokines (1)
- DBD dye (1)
- DDM simulation (1)
- DFN (1)
- DFT calculations (1)
- DNA origami (1)
- Data quality (1)
- Database errors (1)
- Development (1)
- Dictyostelium discoideum (1)
- Dolichol lipids (1)
- Drugs (1)
- E-health (1)
- E. coli (1)
- EGCG (1)
- ER-stress (1)
- Early Modern Age (1)
- Eclogite (1)
- Edouard Glissant (1)
- Electrodeposition (1)
- Emission scenarios (1)
- Equilibrium-line altitudes (1)
- Equines (1)
- Erodium cicutarium (1)
- Europe (1)
- European air quality (1)
- Event-Related potentials (1)
- Evolution (1)
- Fagus sylvatica (1)
- Farber disease (1)
- Fiber-reinforced concrete (1)
- Filamentous fungi (1)
- Floods (1)
- Frühe Neuzeit (1)
- Fungal challenge (1)
- Fungal foraging (1)
- Fungal highways (1)
- Fungal space searching algorithms (1)
- Fusarium (1)
- GBOL (1)
- GMP (1)
- GNSS Reflectometry (1)
- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (1)
- Gekkonidae (1)
- Gene Expression Data Analysis (1)
- Genome assembly (1)
- Geriatric patients (1)
- Germany (1)
- Glaciation (1)
- Gold@polydopamine (1)
- HOG (1)
- Haplic Acrisol (1)
- Hasidism (1)
- Heat shock protein 90 (1)
- Hexagonal grid (1)
- Holocene (1)
- Hong-Ou-Mandel effect (1)
- Hurricane Harvey (1)
- Hydrological modelling (1)
- ICT (1)
- InSAR (1)
- Inflammaging (1)
- Integrative Gene Selection (1)
- Interdisciplinary Physics (1)
- Interference competition (1)
- Internal models (1)
- Judaism (1)
- Jurkat cells (1)
- Knowledge Bases (1)
- LC/HRMS (1)
- Landsat-8 (1)
- Large-size (1)
- Late embryogenesis abundant (1)
- Lawsonite (1)
- Levy flights (1)
- Levy walks (1)
- LiDAR (1)
- Lu/Hf dating of garnet (1)
- Lysiphlebus fabarum (1)
- Management (1)
- Martin Buber (1)
- Metamorphic sole (1)
- Methane leakage (1)
- Microbial community (1)
- Microbiology (1)
- Middle Ages (1)
- Middle East (1)
- Mittelalter (1)
- Modular organisms (1)
- Molecular biology (1)
- Multiplex platforms (1)
- Myotis myotis (1)
- Myth-Activism (1)
- NF-kappa B (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Nanoreactor (1)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1)
- Ni nanodots (1)
- Nicolai Hartmann (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (1)
- OLCI (1)
- OSSE (1)
- Oomycetous pathogen (1)
- Organizations (1)
- Ozone (1)
- P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer (1)
- Pachycladon (1)
- Pattern Recognition (1)
- Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (1)
- Permian (1)
- Pex1 (1)
- Pex6 (1)
- Photothermal conversion (1)
- Picea abies (1)
- Pinus sylvestris (1)
- Polyphenols (1)
- Polypodiales (1)
- Postactivation potentiation (1)
- Postmasburg manganese field (1)
- Predictive models (1)
- Predictive processing (1)
- Principal Investigator (1)
- Prior Knowledge (1)
- Proteasome (1)
- Protein aggregates (1)
- Protein oxidation (1)
- Prut (1)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1)
- Pseudotsuga menziesii (1)
- PyTorch (1)
- RAW 264 (1)
- Reliability (1)
- Religion (1)
- Religionsbegriff (1)
- SVM (1)
- SWIM (1)
- SWOT (1)
- Scenario planning (1)
- Scincidae (1)
- Secularization (1)
- Sentinel 3 (1)
- Sentinel-1 (1)
- Sentinel-2 (1)
- Sf21 lysates (1)
- Shale gas (1)
- Slime molds (1)
- Small Aral Sea (1)
- South Africa (1)
- Sphingolipids (1)
- Statistical Physics (1)
- Stern-Gerlach effect (1)
- Strategic foresight (1)
- Stretch-shortening cycle (1)
- Subduction (1)
- Säkularisierung (1)
- T cell receptor (1)
- T(h)1 (1)
- T(h)17 (1)
- TRP channels (1)
- TRPA1 (1)
- TRPC6 (1)
- TRPV1 (1)
- TRPV2 (1)
- TRPV4 (1)
- TerraSAR-X (1)
- TerraceM (1)
- Ti-6Al-4V (1)
- Tisza (1)
- Torpor (1)
- Triassic (1)
- Trifluoroethanol (1)
- UAV (1)
- UV-B tolerance (1)
- Ukraine (1)
- Uredinopsis (1)
- VideoScan technology (1)
- Volatile organic compound (VOC) (1)
- Volcan de Colima (1)
- Volkism (1)
- WRF-Chem (1)
- Water splitting (1)
- X-ray computed tomography (CT) (1)
- Zellweger (1)
- Zellweger syndrome spectrum disorder (ZSSD) (1)
- Zionism (1)
- Zymosan (1)
- academic achievement (1)
- acceptability (1)
- acid ceramidase inhibitor ceranib-2 (1)
- actin (1)
- actions (1)
- activism (1)
- adaptation (1)
- additive manufacturing (1)
- adeno-associated-virus (1)
- adolescence (1)
- affect (1)
- affection (1)
- aggrecanases (1)
- agricultural productivity (1)
- albedo (1)
- alcohol (1)
- amaranth (1)
- amide ligand (1)
- ammonia (1)
- amygdala (1)
- anisotropic fiber orientation (1)
- anthropogenic interferences (1)
- antioxidant activity (1)
- aquatic-terrestrial interfaces (1)
- aroma quality (1)
- atomic force microscopy (1)
- attitudes (1)
- attributions (1)
- automatic lineament extraction (1)
- automaticity (1)
- average treatment effect (1)
- beam splitter (1)
- bed erosion (1)
- beta-lactamase (1)
- bilingualism (1)
- bioactive peptides (1)
- biodiversity (1)
- biofilm (1)
- biogeography (1)
- biohybrid microsystems (1)
- biological invasions (1)
- biomimetic sensors (1)
- block copolymer films (1)
- body (1)
- border regime (1)
- bromeliad (1)
- bryophytes (1)
- butyrylcholinesterase (1)
- caffeic acid derivatives (1)
- cancer immunotherapy (1)
- canopy (1)
- capsid stability (1)
- carbon capture and storage (CCS) (1)
- carbon capture and utilization (CCU) (1)
- carbon dioxide (1)
- carbon sequestration (1)
- carbon uptake kinetics (1)
- carbonate assimilation (1)
- carotenoids (1)
- catalyst (1)
- catchment area (1)
- cell migration (1)
- cell-free protein synthesis (1)
- chemostat experiments (1)
- children (1)
- cholesteryl ester (1)
- chronic abdominal pain (1)
- classification (1)
- clay (1)
- cleptoparasitism (1)
- click chemistry (1)
- co-benefits (1)
- coastal geomorphology (1)
- cocoa processing (1)
- cocoa proteins (1)
- cocreated knowledge (1)
- colitis (1)
- collaborative consumption (1)
- collagen (1)
- colloidal chemistry (1)
- complementarity (1)
- conformational analysis (1)
- connectivity (1)
- consistency (1)
- consumer behavior (1)
- consumer education (1)
- contraction (1)
- core shell UCNP (1)
- correlated errors (1)
- corridors (1)
- cost of electricity (COE) (1)
- coupling (1)
- crop growth (1)
- crop production (1)
- cross-domain influences (1)
- culling of male chickens (1)
- cycloaddition (1)
- deep carbon cycle (1)
- deforestation (1)
- degenerative disc disease (1)
- delay differential equation (1)
- dendritic cell (1)
- detrending (1)
- developing countries (1)
- diacylglycerol (1)
- dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (1)
- dietary patterns (1)
- disaster risk reduction (1)
- dispersal (1)
- distributive vs. non-distributive interpretation (1)
- distributive,collective, and mixed predicates (1)
- disturbance (1)
- domain-specific self-concept (1)
- eco-evolutionary experience (1)
- ecological stoichiometry (1)
- economics (1)
- electrical polarization hysteresis (1)
- electricity generation (1)
- electro-fused zirconia (1)
- electrochemistry (1)
- electroencephalography (1)
- electromyography (1)
- electron spectroscopy (1)
- electrospraying (1)
- ellipsometry (1)
- embodied language (1)
- emotion recognition (1)
- ensemble kalman filter (1)
- entanglement (1)
- environmental remediation (1)
- epigenetics (1)
- epithionitrile (1)
- estrogen (1)
- exercise (1)
- exhaustivity (1)
- expectancy-value theory (1)
- experimental study (1)
- expert interview (1)
- expression profile (1)
- extraction and characterization methods (1)
- extraction asymmetries (1)
- eye movements (1)
- fatigue (1)
- fermentation-related enzymes (1)
- filtration (1)
- finite element modeling (1)
- fire (1)
- first-hitting time (1)
- first-passage time (1)
- fixations (1)
- flavonoids (1)
- flood loss (1)
- flow network (1)
- flowering time (1)
- focus marking (1)
- food systems (1)
- forest conversion (1)
- forest management (1)
- forest structure (1)
- fossil pollen (1)
- fracture (1)
- framework (1)
- fructose malabsorption (1)
- functional abdominal pain disorders (1)
- functional complementation (1)
- functional trait correlations (1)
- fungal community (1)
- gamma diversity (1)
- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1)
- gender-sensitive didactics (1)
- geomorphic markers (1)
- germ pores (1)
- global jets (1)
- glucosinolate hydrolysis (1)
- gold nanostructures (1)
- gov (1)
- governance for sustainable development (1)
- green infrastructure (1)
- greenhouse gas emissions (1)
- grounding (1)
- guided self assembly (1)
- habitat use (1)
- healthcare (1)
- heath potentials (1)
- helical magnetic fields (1)
- hidden populations (1)
- high mountain environments (1)
- high risk drinkers (1)
- homogeneity (1)
- host alternation (1)
- human aldehyde oxidase (1)
- human excised skin (1)
- hybrid nanomaterials (1)
- hydraulic tomography (1)
- hydrogen breath test (1)
- hydrogeophysics (1)
- hydrolysis (1)
- hydrothermal (1)
- hymenoptera (1)
- illicit behaviours (1)
- image enhancement (1)
- immunotherapy (1)
- importin (1)
- individual-based model (1)
- injectable biomaterial (1)
- innovation policy (1)
- integrative taxonomy (1)
- interception (1)
- interferometry (1)
- interventions (1)
- intrinsically disordered proteins (1)
- invasion (1)
- invasion stages (1)
- invasive species (1)
- inverse analysis (1)
- inverted terminal repeat (ITR) (1)
- involuntary weight loss (1)
- ion channel (1)
- ion optics (1)
- iron (1)
- islands (1)
- it-clefts (1)
- kale (1)
- karst (1)
- karyopherin (1)
- kink-like instability (1)
- lactose intolerance (1)
- lakes (1)
- land sharing vs (1)
- land sparing (1)
- land-use change (1)
- landscape connectivity (1)
- landscape diversity (1)
- landscape scale (1)
- latent transition analysis/latent profile analysis (1)
- lava dome (1)
- lexicon size (1)
- lichens (1)
- life-history strategy (1)
- life-history traits (1)
- lipid droplets (1)
- lipid metabolism (1)
- literacy acquisition (1)
- livestock (1)
- load stress (1)
- local food (1)
- loop modification (1)
- loss modeling (1)
- loss models (1)
- low back pain (1)
- lyso-phospholipids (1)
- lysosomal storage disorders (1)
- magnetic microstructures (1)
- magpie (1)
- maize (1)
- manganese ore (1)
- marine terraces (1)
- mass extinction (1)
- mass production process (1)
- matching methods (1)
- maximum entropy analysis (1)
- maximum voluntary contraction (1)
- mean-field model (1)
- membrane proteins (1)
- menstrual cycle (1)
- metacognition (1)
- methanol (1)
- methyl jasmonate (1)
- micro/mesoporous (1)
- microbialites (1)
- microclimate (1)
- microcracking (1)
- microparticles (1)
- microscope (1)
- microsomes (1)
- microtransport and -assembly (1)
- migration (1)
- mixed methods (1)
- modeling (1)
- modified Mannich reaction (1)
- molecularly imprinted polymers (1)
- molybdenum cofactor (1)
- monensin (1)
- morphometry (1)
- motivation in mathematics (1)
- movement (1)
- multidrug resistance (1)
- multilingual children (1)
- mushroom instability (1)
- mutation (1)
- myosin II (1)
- myth (1)
- nanofillers (1)
- nanogels (1)
- nanomedicine (1)
- nanostructures (1)
- narratives (1)
- narrow-banded UVB (1)
- native language (1)
- natural habitats (1)
- natural killer cells (NK cells) (1)
- natural scenes (1)
- natural variation (1)
- neotectonics (1)
- nest-site selection (1)
- neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (1)
- new species (1)
- niche level (1)
- nitrile (1)
- nitrogen (1)
- nitrogen availability (1)
- non-vascular epiphyte (1)
- nuclear transport (1)
- o-phenylenediamine (1)
- occupational choices (1)
- old adults (1)
- older persons (1)
- ontology (1)
- optical remote sensing (1)
- optical sensor (1)
- oral contraceptives (1)
- ordinary differential equation (1)
- organic matter mineralization (1)
- ortho-quinone methide (o-QMs) (1)
- oscillations (1)
- palaeoecology (1)
- parallel evolution (1)
- parameter estimation (1)
- participation (1)
- participatory research (1)
- particle-in-cell simulations (1)
- pea (1)
- perfusion bioreactor (1)
- peri-urban agriculture (1)
- periodic flooding (1)
- permafrost (1)
- person (1)
- personhood (1)
- phenomenology (1)
- phenotypic plasticity (1)
- phosphorus limitation (1)
- photorespiration (1)
- physical inactivity (1)
- plant diversity (1)
- plant interactions (1)
- plasma membrane (1)
- plasticity (1)
- plate reconstructions (1)
- pluvial flooding (1)
- point cloud (1)
- politics (1)
- politics of relation (1)
- polyester (1)
- polygenic risk (1)
- polymer fillers (1)
- ponds (1)
- population dynamics (1)
- pore templating (1)
- porous silicon (1)
- post-hospital syndrome (1)
- practical implementation (1)
- precipitation (1)
- predator prey (1)
- preferences (1)
- pressures (1)
- primary school (1)
- priming effects (1)
- pro-inflammatory cytokines (1)
- probabilistic (1)
- probabilistic inference (1)
- process simulation (1)
- progesterone (1)
- projection (1)
- proteasome (1)
- proteasome storage granules (1)
- protein-phenol interactions (1)
- proteoliposomes (1)
- pump (1)
- pump-probe (1)
- rain attenuation (1)
- rain effect (1)
- random forest (1)
- rate of force development (1)
- reading comprehension (1)
- reading fluency (1)
- reciprocal transplant experiment (1)
- recollimation shocks (1)
- relativistic jets (1)
- relaxor-ferroelectric polymers (1)
- research communication (1)
- research design (1)
- residual stress (1)
- resonance energy transfer (1)
- resource allocation (1)
- respondent-driven sampling (1)
- ring-opening polymerization (1)
- risk analysis (1)
- rivastigmine (1)
- river restoration (1)
- rock glacier (1)
- ruderal plant species (1)
- saliency (1)
- savanna ecology (1)
- sea turtle (1)
- second language (1)
- sediment accumulation (1)
- sediment bed fluidization (1)
- sediment re-suspension (1)
- sedimentary ancient DNA (1)
- seed bank (1)
- seed morphology (1)
- self-concept (1)
- sensorimotor (1)
- sentinel-1 (1)
- sex determination (1)
- silvopastoral systems (1)
- single nucleotide polymorphism (1)
- size distribution (1)
- skin penetration (1)
- smart materials (1)
- smartphone (1)
- snow characteristics (1)
- snow grain size (1)
- soccer (1)
- social cognition (1)
- social innovation (1)
- societal impact of research (1)
- soil moisture variability (1)
- solar irradiance (1)
- solid Earth degassing (1)
- solvent vapor annealing (1)
- space-charge effects (1)
- spatially induced variance (1)
- specialized metabolites (1)
- species assembly (1)
- species functional traits (1)
- species interactions (1)
- specific surface area (1)
- specifier proteins (1)
- sphingosine (1)
- sphingosine kinase (1)
- sphingosine kinase inhibitor SKI-II (1)
- sphingosine kinases (1)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate (1)
- spin-dependent forces (1)
- spiritual being (1)
- spontaneous parametric down-conversion (1)
- sport-specific performance (1)
- stability (1)
- stakeholder engagement (1)
- stakeholder participation (1)
- state and transition (1)
- statistical moments (1)
- storage (1)
- structural equation modeling (1)
- structural mapping (1)
- structure (1)
- structure from motion (1)
- subduction zone (1)
- sufficiency (1)
- surface plasmon resonance (1)
- survival (1)
- sustainability (1)
- sustainable economy (1)
- synchrotron X-ray diffraction (1)
- synchrotron x-ray refraction radiography (SXRR) (1)
- tacrolimus formulation (1)
- tea processing (1)
- techno-economic model (1)
- tectonic geomorphology (1)
- temporal resolution (1)
- that-trace effect (1)
- the Weibel instability (1)
- theopolitics (1)
- therapy (1)
- thermal expansion (1)
- thermal processing (1)
- thermally stimulated depolarization current (1)
- thermokarst (1)
- time-domain reflectometry (1)
- time-resolved luminescence (1)
- tissue specificity (1)
- tracer tomography (1)
- trait variability (1)
- transdisciplinary research (1)
- transformation products (1)
- transition zone (1)
- transporter (1)
- tree species diversity (1)
- tree-grass interactions (1)
- tumor immunity (1)
- tumor microenvironment (1)
- tumor-associated macrophage (1)
- tundra-taiga ecotone (1)
- underground coal gasification (UCG) (1)
- urban flooding (1)
- urbanization (1)
- vacuum fields (1)
- value-based sustainability assessment (1)
- variability (1)
- vascular epiphyte (1)
- vascular plants (1)
- veterinary drugs (1)
- visual search (1)
- volatile compounds (1)
- water remediation (1)
- water storage capacity (1)
- waterbodies (1)
- wetland vegetation (1)
- wh-in-situ (1)
- wh-movement (1)
- wheat (1)
- wind speed (1)
- winter wheat (1)
- word learning (1)
- x-ray photoemission (1)
- xanthine oxidase (1)
- young athletes (1)
- zebularine (1)
Institute
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (66)
- Institut für Geowissenschaften (46)
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie (37)
- Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie (21)
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft (18)
- Institut für Chemie (17)
- Department Psychologie (13)
- Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften (7)
- Department Linguistik (3)
- Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik (3)
Identification and Characterization of Three Epithiospecifier Protein Isoforms in Brassica oleracea
(2019)
Glucosinolates present in Brassicaceae play a major role in herbivory defense. Upon tissue disruption, glucosinolates come into contact with myrosinase, which initiates their breakdown to biologically active compounds. Among these, the formation of epithionitriles is triggered by the presence of epithiospecifier protein (ESP) and a terminal double bond in the glucosinolate side chain. One ESP gene is characterized in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (AtESP; At1g54040.2). However, Brassica species underwent genome triplication since their divergence from the Arabidopsis lineage. This indicates the presence of multiple ESP isoforms in Brassica crops that are currently poorly characterized. We identified three B. oleracea ESPs, specifically BoESP1 (LOC106296341), BoESP2 (LOC106306810), and BoESP3 (LOC106325105) based on in silico genome analysis. Transcript and protein abundance were assessed in shoots and roots of four B. oleracea vegetables, namely broccoli, kohlrabi, white, and red cabbage, because these genotypes showed a differential pattern for the formation of glucosinolate hydrolysis products as well for their ESP activity. BoESP1 and BoESP2 were expressed mainly in shoots, while BoESP3 was abundant in roots. Biochemical characterization of heterologous expressed BoESP isoforms revealed different substrate specificities towards seven glucosinolates: all isoforms showed epithiospecifier activity on alkenyl glucosinolates, but not on non-alkenyl glucosinolates. The pH-value differently affected BoESP activity: while BoESP1 and BoESP2 activities were optimal at pH 6-7, BoESP3 activity remained relatively stable from pH 4 to 7. In order test their potential for the in vivo modification of glucosinolate breakdown, the three isoforms were expressed in A. thaliana Hi-0, which lacks AtESP expression, and analyzed for the effect on their respective hydrolysis products. The BoESPs altered the hydrolysis of allyl glucosinolate in the A. thaliana transformants to release 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane and reduced formation of the corresponding 3-butenenitrile and allyl isothiocyanate. Plants expressing BoESP2 showed the highest percentage of released epithionitriles. Given these results, we propose a model for isoform-specific roles of B. oleracea ESPs in glucosinolate breakdown.
Compulsive behaviors (e.g., addiction) can be viewed as an aberrant decision process where inflexible reactions automatically evoked by stimuli (habit) take control over decision making to the detriment of a more flexible (goal-oriented) behavioral learning system. These behaviors are thought to arise from learning algorithms known as "model-based" and "model-free" reinforcement learning. Gambling disorder, a form of addiction without the confound of neurotoxic effects of drugs, showed impaired goal-directed control but the way in which problem gamblers (PG) orchestrate model-based and model-free strategies has not been evaluated. Forty-nine PG and 33 healthy participants (CP) completed a two-step sequential choice task for which model-based and model-free learning have distinct and identifiable trial-by-trial learning signatures. The influence of common psychopathological comorbidities on those two forms of learning were investigated. PG showed impaired model-based learning, particularly after unrewarded outcomes. In addition, PG exhibited faster reaction times than CP following unrewarded decisions. Troubled mood, higher impulsivity (i.e., positive and negative urgency) and current and chronic stress reported via questionnaires did not account for those results. These findings demonstrate specific reinforcement learning and decision-making deficits in behavioral addiction that advances our understanding and may be important dimensions for designing effective interventions.
Protein interaction and protein imaging strongly benefit from the advancements in time-resolved and superresolution fluorescence microscopic techniques. However, the techniques were typically applied separately and ex vivo because of technical challenges and the absence of suitable fluorescent protein pairs. Here, we show correlative in vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy Forster resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET) and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy to unravel protein mechanics and structure in living cells. We use magnetotactic bacteria as a model system where two proteins, MamJ and MamK, are used to assemble magnetic particles called magnetosomes. The filament polymerizes out of MamK and the magnetosomes are connected via the linker MamJ. Our system reveals that bacterial filamentous structures are more fragile than the connection of biomineralized particles to this filament. More importantly, we anticipate the technique to find wide applicability for the study and quantification of biological processes in living cells and at high resolution.
In an overt visual priming experiment, we investigate the role of orthography in native (L1) and non-native (L2) processing of German morphologically complex words. We compare priming effects for inflected and derived morphologically related prime-target pairs versus otherwise matched, purely orthographically related pairs. The results show morphological priming effects in both the L1 and L2 group, with no significant difference between inflection and derivation. However, L2 speakers, but not L1 speakers, also showed significant priming for orthographically related pairs. Our results support the claim that L2 speakers focus more on surface-level information such as orthography during visual word recognition. This can cause orthographic priming effects in morphologically related prime-target pairs, which may conceal L1-L2 differences in morphological processing.
This paper challenges the solely rational view of the scenario technique as a strategy and foresight tool designed to cope with uncertainty by considering multiple possible future states. The paper employs an affordance-based view that allows for the identification and structuring of hidden, emergent attributes of the scenario technique beyond the intended ones. The suggested framework distinguishes between affordances (1) that are intended by the organization and relate to its goals, (2) that emergently generate organizational benefits, and (3) that do not relate to organizational but individual interests. Also, constraints in the use of scenarios are discussed. Affordance theory’s specific lens shows that the emergence of such attributes depends on the users’ specific intentions.
Humans generate internal models of their environment to predict events in the world. As the environments change, our brains adjust to these changes by updating their internal models. Here, we investigated whether and how 9-month-old infants differentially update their models to represent a dynamic environment. Infants observed a predictable sequence of stimuli, which were interrupted by two types of cues. Following the update cue, the pattern was altered, thus, infants were expected to update their predictions for the upcoming stimuli. Because the pattern remained the same after the no-update cue, no subsequent updating was required. Infants showed an amplified negative central (Nc) response when the predictable sequence was interrupted. Late components such as the PSW were also evoked in response to unexpected stimuli; however, we found no evidence for a differential response to the informational value of surprising cues at later stages of processing. Infants rather learned that surprising cues always signal a change in the environment that requires updating. Interestingly, infants responded with an amplified neural response to the absence of an expected change, suggesting a top-down modulation of early sensory processing in infants. Our findings corroborate emerging evidence showing that infants build predictive models early in life.