Gold Open-Access
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (395)
- Part of Periodical (7)
- Review (6)
- Other (3)
- Postprint (2)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (413)
Keywords
- Dictyostelium (8)
- climate change (8)
- centrosome (6)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (5)
- metabarcoding (5)
- population dynamics (5)
- Brachionus calyciflorus (4)
- DNA methylation (4)
- Myodes glareolus (4)
- ancient DNA (4)
- animal personality (4)
- conservation (4)
- epigenetics (4)
- functional traits (4)
- home range (4)
- machine learning (4)
- microplastics (4)
- plasticity (4)
- sedimentary ancient DNA (4)
- stunting (4)
- GPS (3)
- Genomics (3)
- LCSM (3)
- Lepus europaeus (3)
- Lysiphlebus fabarum (3)
- Summer Schools (3)
- adaptation (3)
- alien species (3)
- cell-free protein synthesis (3)
- dispersal (3)
- evolution (3)
- freshwater (3)
- herbivory (3)
- lamin (3)
- light pollution (3)
- malnutrition (3)
- microtubules (3)
- mitosis (3)
- molecularly imprinted polymers (3)
- museum specimens (3)
- nuclear envelope (3)
- palaeogenomics (3)
- plant functional trait (3)
- pollen (3)
- random forest (3)
- resource competition (3)
- starch (3)
- ALAN (2)
- Africa (2)
- Alternaria (2)
- Aphis fabae (2)
- Asplanchna brightwellii (2)
- Bombina bombina (2)
- Chytridiomycota (2)
- Conservation (2)
- Damage assessment (2)
- Disturbance impacts (2)
- EDTA (2)
- Ecology (2)
- European hare (2)
- Evolution (2)
- Genome assembly (2)
- Germany (2)
- Just so stories (2)
- Larix (2)
- Locally structured standard deviation (2)
- Mitochondria (2)
- Mitogenome (2)
- Moco biosynthesis (2)
- NE81 (2)
- NGS (2)
- NTA (2)
- Network clustering (2)
- ODBA (2)
- Phylogenetics (2)
- Protein complexes (2)
- Puumala virus seroprevalence (2)
- RNA-Seq (2)
- RNA-seq (2)
- SEPE (2)
- Salmonella (2)
- Species comparison (2)
- Standard deviation (2)
- Tree allometry (2)
- Variance (2)
- acid ceramidase (2)
- acid sphingomyelinase (2)
- agricultural landscapes (2)
- amitriptyline (2)
- angiogenesis (2)
- animal behaviour (2)
- animal movement (2)
- antibody (2)
- aquatic fungi (2)
- archival DNA (2)
- auxin (2)
- batch effect (2)
- biodiversity (2)
- biological invasions (2)
- biomimetic mineralization (2)
- biomineralization (2)
- biosensor (2)
- body height (2)
- body mass index (2)
- brushite (2)
- calcium phosphate (2)
- cancer (2)
- centriole (2)
- chromatin (2)
- coexistence (2)
- competition (2)
- connectivity (2)
- consumptive resistance (2)
- deep-sea (2)
- defense (2)
- drought (2)
- eco-evolutionary experience (2)
- ecosystem services (2)
- education (2)
- efficient (2)
- endozoochory (2)
- environmental change (2)
- epithionitrile (2)
- exposure (2)
- expression (2)
- expression profile (2)
- fence ecology (2)
- fire (2)
- food web (2)
- functional complementation (2)
- functional diversity (2)
- gene expression (2)
- giving-up density (2)
- global change (2)
- glucosinolate hydrolysis (2)
- habitat use (2)
- hantavirus (2)
- hoverflies (2)
- hydroxyapatite (2)
- inheritance (2)
- integrative taxonomy (2)
- inter-individual differences (2)
- interactions (2)
- lake monitoring (2)
- land use (2)
- landscape homogenization (2)
- light intensity (irradiance) (2)
- light variability (2)
- local adaptation (2)
- maturation (2)
- mechanobiology (2)
- metabolism (2)
- metabolomics (2)
- microbial ecology (2)
- microcystin (2)
- microtubule-organization (2)
- migration (2)
- mobile links (2)
- molybdenum cofactor (2)
- monitoring (2)
- movement ecology (2)
- natal dispersal (2)
- network reconstruction (2)
- nitrile (2)
- nitrogen (2)
- nuclear lamina (2)
- nutrient supply (2)
- nutrition (2)
- oligomerization (2)
- perceived predation risk (2)
- photosynthetic rate (2)
- phylogeny (2)
- phytoplankton communities (2)
- pigment composition (2)
- plant diversity (2)
- plasma membrane (2)
- polystyrene (2)
- precipitation (2)
- protein (2)
- pubertal timing (2)
- public health (2)
- questioning solutions (2)
- quorum sensing (2)
- range dynamics (2)
- remote sensing (2)
- repetition (2)
- resource selection (2)
- rodents (2)
- root traits (2)
- savanna ecology (2)
- secular changes (2)
- sedaDNA (2)
- sediment (2)
- seed dispersal (2)
- seed dispersal syndrome (2)
- social status (2)
- socioeconomy (2)
- specific root length (2)
- specifier proteins (2)
- sphingolipids (2)
- starch metabolism (2)
- syrphids (2)
- transgenerational response (2)
- translation (2)
- treeline (2)
- trnL (2)
- tundra (2)
- type specimens (2)
- ungulate (2)
- vascular plants (2)
- veterinary cordon fence (2)
- video analysis (2)
- wetlands (2)
- wheat (2)
- wild bees (2)
- wild mammal species (2)
- wildlife (2)
- wildlife conservation (2)
- 3-way coffee hybrids (1)
- 3D-acceleration sensor (1)
- 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine (1)
- A. thaliana (1)
- AFLP (1)
- APEC (1)
- APP (1)
- Abies alba (1)
- Abiotic stress (1)
- Acute phase response (1)
- Adsorption (1)
- Aegean flora (1)
- Aeroponic cultivation (1)
- Alien species richness (1)
- Alternaria mycotoxins (1)
- Alternaria species-groups (1)
- Amphibians (1)
- Amplicon sequencing (1)
- Anatolia (1)
- Animal personality (1)
- Antarctica (1)
- Anthropometric measurement (1)
- Aphanizomenon (1)
- Aphid host (1)
- Aphidius ervi (1)
- Apis mellifera (1)
- Arabidopsis (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (1)
- Arabidopsis-thaliana (1)
- Arbuscular mycorrhiza (1)
- Archaea (1)
- Arctic Ocean (1)
- Arctic vegetation (1)
- Asian elephant (1)
- Asteraceae (1)
- Australia (1)
- Bacillus (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Bacterial (1)
- Baetis (1)
- Bandung District (1)
- Bangladesh (1)
- Bayesian inference (1)
- Beaufort Sea (1)
- Bengal Delta (1)
- Bet-hedging (1)
- Beta-diversity (1)
- Biochemical networks (1)
- Biochemical reaction networks (1)
- Biochemistry (1)
- Biodiversity Exploratories (1)
- Biogeography (1)
- Biologicals (1)
- Black Queen Hypothesis (1)
- Blm10 (1)
- Blunt trauma (1)
- Body mass (1)
- Body temperature (1)
- Bottleneck (1)
- Botulinum neurotoxin (1)
- Brachionus (1)
- Brachionus calyciflorus s (1)
- Brachionus fernandoi (1)
- Brandenburg (1)
- Brassica napus (1)
- Buchnera (1)
- Burkina Faso (1)
- C stocks (1)
- CCM (1)
- CHO cell lysate (1)
- CLE7 (1)
- CLSM (1)
- CO2 conditions (1)
- CO2 flux (1)
- COR15A (1)
- COVID-19 pandemic (1)
- CPI1 (1)
- CPR5 (1)
- CSD (1)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (1)
- Campylomormyrus (1)
- Carabidae beetles (1)
- Carlini Station (1)
- Carnivorous plant (1)
- Cattle (1)
- Cep192 (1)
- Cervidae (1)
- Cetaceans (1)
- ChIP-seq (1)
- Chemosensory genes (1)
- Chew Bahir (1)
- Chlamydomonas (1)
- Chopralla (1)
- Chromatin Accessibility (1)
- Ciconia ciconia (1)
- Citrobacter rodentium (1)
- Clethra arborea (1)
- Clinical trial (1)
- ClinicalTrials (1)
- Cloeodes complex (1)
- Cloeon (1)
- Clustering Algorithms (1)
- Community (1)
- Complete defoliation (1)
- Computational biology and bioinformatics (1)
- Computational models (1)
- Continuous renal replacement therapy (1)
- Copula theory (1)
- Cost of resistance (1)
- Costa Rica (1)
- Critically ill patients (1)
- Curculionidae (1)
- Cyanobacteria (1)
- Cyanobium (1)
- CytoSorb (R) (1)
- Cytochrome b (1)
- D statistics (1)
- DBD dye (1)
- DNA aptamer (1)
- DNA extraction (1)
- DNA metabarcoding (1)
- DNA methylation loss (1)
- DNA methylation; (1)
- DNA modification (1)
- DNA nanostructure (1)
- DNA origami (1)
- Data quality (1)
- Database errors (1)
- Delta F508 mutation (1)
- Developmental biology (1)
- Disturbance indicator (1)
- Domestic animals (1)
- Drugs (1)
- E. coil (1)
- EEHV (1)
- EHV-1 (1)
- EMS (1)
- ERK5 (1)
- ESCRT (1)
- EWPC2019 (1)
- Ecological changes (1)
- Ecological niche modeling (1)
- Elaeis guineensis Jacq (1)
- Elephant disturbance (1)
- Emberiza (1)
- Endogenous retrovirus (1)
- Endurance (1)
- Energy expenditure (1)
- Enzymes (1)
- EphA2 (1)
- Erkenntnisgewinnung (1)
- Etmopterus joungi (1)
- Etmopterus litvinovi (1)
- Etmopterus pusillus (1)
- Etmopterus pycnolepis (1)
- Eukaryota (1)
- Europe (1)
- F7 gene (1)
- Fagus sylvatica (1)
- Farber disease (1)
- Fe-S cluster assembly (1)
- Fertility (1)
- Flexible sampling strategy (1)
- Floral Meristem (1)
- Floral Organ (1)
- Flower Development (1)
- Flower development (1)
- Forage values (1)
- Forest dependency (1)
- Formaldehyde assimilation (1)
- Forschungsorientierung (1)
- Fragaria x ananassa (1)
- Fragmentation (1)
- Fresh water fish (1)
- Freshwater (1)
- Fruit pathogens (1)
- Fungal challenge (1)
- Fungal communities (1)
- Fusarium (1)
- GABA (1)
- GBOL (1)
- GC content (1)
- GMP (1)
- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (1)
- Gaussian process (1)
- Gekkonidae (1)
- GenPred (1)
- Gene Ontology (1)
- Gene family (1)
- Genetic (1)
- Genetic models (1)
- Genomic evolution (1)
- Glomosporiaceae (1)
- Growth Regulate Factor (1)
- Growth selection (1)
- H2S biosynthesis (1)
- HIREC (1)
- HMA sponge (1)
- HPLC (1)
- HSFA2 (1)
- HSFA3 (1)
- Habitat loss (1)
- Habrophlebiodes (1)
- Hamiltonella (1)
- Hamiltonella defensa (1)
- Haplogroups (1)
- Heat stress (1)
- Hippo signaling (1)
- Histone H3K4 trimethylation (1)
- Holocene (1)
- Holocene environmental history (1)
- Host-symbiont interaction (1)
- ICDP (1)
- ISC (1)
- Illumina amplicon sequencing (1)
- Illuminance (1)
- In vitro transcription (1)
- India (1)
- Individual-based models (1)
- Indonesian National Growth Reference Charts (1)
- Intensive care (1)
- Inter-individual differences (1)
- Interspecific aggression (1)
- Island biogeography (1)
- Isolation (1)
- KLF2 (1)
- Kv1 (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LEM-domain (1)
- LFA (1)
- LMA (1)
- LPS (1)
- Lake (1)
- Lake Bolshoe Toko (1)
- Landscape (1)
- Larix cajanderi (1)
- Larix gmelinii (1)
- Late Quaternary vegetation (1)
- Late embryogenesis abundant (1)
- Leaf axil (1)
- Lehramtsstudium Biologie (1)
- Lena Delta (1)
- Life-history traits (1)
- Livestock (1)
- Locally (1)
- Locally structured correlation (1)
- Lolium multiflorum (1)
- Lower Havel River Region (1)
- Lynx lynx (1)
- Lythrum salicaria (1)
- MED16 (1)
- MIS 5 to 1 (1)
- MODIS (1)
- MSAP (1)
- MTOC (1)
- Markov cluster algorithm (1)
- Martini force-field (1)
- Mediterranean island (1)
- Method (1)
- Metschnikowia (1)
- Microbiology (1)
- Microbiome assembly (1)
- Microcystis (1)
- Microcystis aeruginosa (1)
- Microsatellite (1)
- Microtus arvalis (1)
- Middle East (1)
- Molecular biology (1)
- Molecular medicine (1)
- Monte Carlo method (1)
- Morphology (1)
- Mortality (1)
- Mouse (1)
- Movement ecology (1)
- Murine leukemia virus (1)
- Museum collections (1)
- MutMap (1)
- Myotis myotis (1)
- N protein (1)
- NAAT-LFA (1)
- NAB (1)
- NDSI (1)
- NDVI (1)
- NET (1)
- NIF (1)
- NRPS (1)
- Nanohyla gen. nov (1)
- Neolithic period (1)
- Network (1)
- Network embedding (1)
- Noninvasive sampling (1)
- Northern Asia (1)
- Nosema spp. (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (1)
- Number and Brightness (1)
- O-antigen (1)
- OMICs tools (1)
- Oil Palm (1)
- Omicron (1)
- Oomycetous pathogen (1)
- Orthologous Matrix (OMA) Project (1)
- Osteoglossomorpha (1)
- Oxidative stress (1)
- Oyster Crassostrea-gigas (1)
- P-bodies (1)
- PC-3 cells (1)
- PCR (1)
- PICF6 (1)
- PKS (1)
- PacBio and Illumina (1)
- Pacbio sequencing (1)
- Pachycladon (1)
- Paleogenetics (1)
- Parasitoid wasp (1)
- Pastoralism (1)
- Pathway design (1)
- Penicillium (1)
- Perca (1)
- Pex1 (1)
- Pex6 (1)
- Phalacridae (1)
- Pharmacokinetics (1)
- Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (1)
- Phosphorylation Site (1)
- Phragmites australis (1)
- Phylogenetic analysis (1)
- Phylogenomics (1)
- Phylogeny (1)
- Phylogeography (1)
- Picea abies (1)
- Pinus sylvestris (1)
- Pipistrellus nathusii (1)
- Planktothrix (1)
- Plant molecular biology (1)
- Pollinator (1)
- Polycomb (1)
- Polypodiales (1)
- Population dynamics (1)
- Porpicide (1)
- Priming (1)
- Principal Investigator (1)
- Professionswissen (1)
- Promiscuous enzymes (1)
- Protein Complex Prediction (1)
- Protein-Protein interaction network (1)
- Protein-protein interaction (1)
- Protein–protein interaction (1)
- Proteomics (1)
- Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 (1)
- Pseudomonas sp (1)
- Pseudotsuga menziesii (1)
- Puumalavirus (1)
- Python (1)
- RNA (1)
- RNA interference (1)
- RNA virus (1)
- RNAseq (1)
- ROS (1)
- RRBS (1)
- RT-LAMP (1)
- Raphidiopsis (1)
- Renal function (1)
- Repetition (1)
- Risk assessment tool (1)
- Roridula gorgonias (1)
- Rotifera (1)
- Rozellomycota (1)
- Rubbing tree (1)
- RubisCO (1)
- Russia (1)
- S. cerevisiae (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 (1)
- SELEX (1)
- SEPE Factors (1)
- SEPS factors (1)
- SPB (1)
- SPD-2 (1)
- SUF (1)
- SWL (1)
- Scincidae (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Selective breeding (1)
- Sepsis; (1)
- Sequence alignment (1)
- Serine cycle (1)
- Sex (1)
- Sf21 lysates (1)
- Shared Data Resource (1)
- Short Report (1)
- Shotgun sequencing (1)
- Siberia (1)
- Silene vulgaris (1)
- Simple Sequence Repeat (1)
- Single nucleotide polymorphisms (1)
- Single-nucleotide (1)
- Snowella (1)
- Social-Economic-Political-Emotional (SEPE) factors (1)
- Solanum (1)
- Source population (1)
- Space use (1)
- Spastin (1)
- Species delimitation (1)
- Specific wood density (1)
- St. Nicolas House Algorithm (1)
- St. Nicolas House Analysis (1)
- Statistical Exercise (1)
- Stranding (1)
- Structural variation (1)
- Sundaland (1)
- Survival (1)
- Symbiosis (1)
- T cell receptor (1)
- T(h)1 (1)
- T(h)17 (1)
- TCGA (1)
- TMAO reductase (1)
- TMAO-reductase (1)
- TOR signaling (1)
- Target attainment (1)
- Taxonomy (1)
- Toll and Imd pathways (1)
- Torpor (1)
- Transcriptional memory (1)
- Transcriptome assembly (1)
- Tree growth classes (1)
- Trifluoroethanol (1)
- Turkey (1)
- Turnover (1)
- UV radiation (1)
- UV response (1)
- UV-B tolerance (1)
- Uredinopsis (1)
- Ursus arctos (1)
- VHH (1)
- Vancomycin (1)
- Venom proteins (1)
- Verkhoyansk mountains (1)
- Verticillium dahliae (1)
- Volatile organic compound (VOC) (1)
- Weevil (1)
- Whole genome sequencing (1)
- Whole-genome sequencing (1)
- Wind (1)
- Wood specific gravity (1)
- Woody (1)
- Woody aboveground biomass (1)
- World Health Organization Child Growth Standards (1)
- XMRV (1)
- Xanthomonas (1)
- Xpm (1)
- Xpr1 (1)
- Yap1/Wwtr1 (Taz) (1)
- Zea mays (1)
- Zellweger (1)
- Zellweger syndrome spectrum disorder (ZSSD) (1)
- Zymosan (1)
- aberrations (1)
- abiotic stress (1)
- aboveground biomass (1)
- accelerometer (1)
- acclimation (1)
- acid ceramidase inhibitor ceranib-2 (1)
- acid invertase (1)
- acid mine drainage (1)
- acoustic communication (1)
- acquired thermotolerance (1)
- actin (1)
- activated PTT (1)
- activation (1)
- activity (1)
- adaptive introgression (1)
- adaptive management (1)
- adaptive radiation (1)
- adeno-associated-virus (1)
- admixture (1)
- advanced maternal age at first birth (1)
- advection-diffusion (1)
- aggregation (1)
- aggregation size (1)
- agricultural landscape (1)
- agriculture (1)
- agrin (1)
- agro-infiltration (1)
- air pollutant (1)
- alarm signals (1)
- aldehyde oxidoreductase (1)
- alignment sensitivity/specificity (1)
- alkylphospholipids (1)
- allocation (1)
- allometry (1)
- alpha-glucan (1)
- alphaherpesvirus (1)
- amino acid (1)
- amino acids (1)
- amplicon sequencing (1)
- analytics (1)
- and palm (1)
- animal cognition (1)
- animal migration (1)
- animal pests (1)
- animal tracking (1)
- animals under human care (1)
- antagonism (1)
- anthropogenic environment (1)
- anthropogenic interferences (1)
- anti-oxidative response (1)
- antibiotic inactivation (1)
- antibody producing cell selection (1)
- antimicrobial defense (1)
- aphids (1)
- apodemus-agrarius (1)
- aquaculture (1)
- aquatic-terrestrial interfaces (1)
- aqueous-solution (1)
- arabidopsis thaliana (1)
- arable land (1)
- arable weeds (1)
- area (1)
- area-based conservation (1)
- arsenic (1)
- arthropod (1)
- artificial light at night (ALAN) (1)
- artificial neural network (1)
- assembly processes (1)
- assessment (1)
- atomic force microscopy (1)
- augmented reality (1)
- autocorrelation (1)
- automated radio telemetry (1)
- autotomy (1)
- auxin biosynthesis (1)
- auxotrophy (1)
- avian personalities (1)
- bacteria (1)
- bacterial (1)
- bacterial outer membrane vesicles (1)
- bacterial symbionts (1)
- bacteriocytes (1)
- bacteriophage (1)
- balance (1)
- basal body (1)
- basal fungi (1)
- bats (1)
- behavior classification (1)
- behavioral flexibility (1)
- behavioral syndromes (1)
- behavioral type (1)
- behaviour (1)
- benzaldehyde (1)
- beta-Lactam (1)
- beta-lactamase (1)
- bias (1)
- bilinear interpolation (1)
- bio-optical modeling (1)
- biodiversity conservation (1)
- biodiversity exploratories (1)
- biofilm formation (1)
- biogenic volatile organic compounds (1)
- biogeography (1)
- bioinformatics (1)
- biological age (1)
- biological carbon pump (1)
- biological control (1)
- biological control agents (1)
- biology (1)
- biomarker (1)
- biomass (1)
- biomimetic sensors (1)
- biophysics (1)
- biotelemetry (1)
- biotic filtering (1)
- bird migration (1)
- birth weight (1)
- birthweight (1)
- bis-MGD (1)
- body composition (1)
- body fat estimator (1)
- body proportions (1)
- bootstrap (1)
- boreal (1)
- breastfeeding (1)
- breeding (1)
- browsing (1)
- buffer zones (1)
- butyrylcholinesterase (1)
- caffeine (1)
- camelid (1)
- camelid antibody (1)
- camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies (1)
- cancer immunotherapy (1)
- cancer therapy (1)
- canopy (1)
- canopy cooling effects (1)
- canopy-air temperature (1)
- capsid stability (1)
- captivity (1)
- carbon (1)
- carbon cycling (1)
- carbon limitation (1)
- carbon uptake kinetics (1)
- cardiac development (1)
- cardiomyocyte (1)
- cardiomyogenic differentiation (1)
- carnivore (1)
- cassava bacterial blight (1)
- catalysis (1)
- catch-up-growth (1)
- cell death (1)
- cell fixation (1)
- cell wall patterning (1)
- cell-based in vitro assay (1)
- cells (1)
- cellular bioenergetics (1)
- cellularization (1)
- cellulose (1)
- cellulose polymeric organic matter (1)
- centromere (1)
- cereal leaf beetle (1)
- changepoint analysis (1)
- changepoint detection (1)
- chaperone (1)
- charcoal (1)
- chemical defenses (1)
- chemical modification (1)
- chemistry (1)
- chemodiversity (1)
- chemostat experiments (1)
- chemotaxonomy (1)
- child growth (1)
- children (1)
- chlorophyll a fluorescence (1)
- chloroplast isolation (1)
- cholesterol (1)
- cholesteryl ester (1)
- chromosome-scale genome assembly (1)
- chronic undernutrition (1)
- ciliate predators (1)
- cilium (1)
- circadian clock (1)
- classical swine fever (1)
- cleptoparasitism (1)
- climate adaptation (1)
- climate dynamics (1)
- clonal growth (1)
- cloud (1)
- co-enrichment (1)
- coagulans (1)
- coagulation (1)
- coefficient (1)
- coevolution (1)
- cold stress (1)
- colitis (1)
- collagen (1)
- combinatorial protein (1)
- common vole (1)
- communities (1)
- community (1)
- community effects (1)
- community model (1)
- comparison (1)
- competitive resistance (1)
- composition (1)
- conformational change (1)
- cord blood (1)
- core shell UCNP (1)
- cori cycle (1)
- correlation (1)
- cost optimisation (1)
- create cropland (1)
- crop losses (1)
- crop model (1)
- crop production (1)
- crop yield failure (1)
- cross-species capture (1)
- crowdsourcing (1)
- cryptic species (1)
- cryptic species complex (1)
- cultural dependence (1)
- cyanobacteria (1)
- cyanobacteria sedimentation (1)
- cyanobacterial bloom (1)
- cycloeucalenol (1)
- cystic fibrosis (1)
- cytokines (1)
- cytosine methylation (1)
- cytoskeleton (1)
- cytosolic tRNA thiolation (1)
- cytotoxicity (1)
- daily home-made measurements (1)
- dark virus (1)
- data reduction (1)
- ddRAD (1)
- de novo genome assembly (1)
- de novo hybrid assembly (1)
- deep-sea sharks (1)
- defensive symbiosis (1)
- density (1)
- dental eruption (1)
- detection (1)
- determination (1)
- developing brain (1)
- development goals (1)
- developmental canalization (1)
- developmental plasticity (1)
- diabetes (1)
- diacylglycerol (1)
- dictyostelium (1)
- diel cycle (1)
- digital (1)
- dilution (1)
- dipeptide (1)
- direct electron (1)
- disease diagnosis (1)
- disease resistance (1)
- dispersal filtering (1)
- dispersal success (1)
- dissimilarities of plants (1)
- disturbance (1)
- dominance-subordination (1)
- drainage works to (1)
- drift (1)
- drought stress (1)
- drying trend (1)
- dryland grasslands (1)
- dynamic body acceleration (1)
- dynamic landscapes (1)
- dynamics (1)
- eastern continental Asia (1)
- eavesdropping (1)
- echolocation (1)
- ecoevolutionary dynamics (1)
- ecohydrology (1)
- ecological novelty (1)
- ecological stoichiometry (1)
- ecological succession (1)
- economy (1)
- ecophysiology (1)
- ecosystem restoration (1)
- ecotones (1)
- ectoparasitism (1)
- edge effect (1)
- effect (1)
- effects of global warming (1)
- egg ratio (1)
- ego motivation (1)
- eicosapentaenoic acid (1)
- eland (1)
- electrochemical biosensors (1)
- electropolymerization (1)
- embryo development (1)
- emission inventory (1)
- emission modeling (1)
- emotional stress (1)
- endocardium (1)
- endophytes (1)
- endoreduplication (1)
- endosperm (1)
- endotoxin (1)
- energy (1)
- energy expenditure (1)
- environment (1)
- environmental DNA (1)
- environmental awareness (1)
- environmental filtering (1)
- environmental genomics (1)
- environmental pollution (1)
- environmental reconstruction (1)
- enzymatic MIP synthesis (1)
- enzymatic analyte conversion (1)
- enzymatic inactivation (1)
- enzymatic modification (1)
- enzyme optimization (1)
- enzyme tracer (1)
- ephrin (1)
- epidemiology (1)
- epitope prediction (1)
- error reduction (1)
- eurasian lynx (1)
- evolutionary (1)
- evolutionary genomics (1)
- expanded genetic code (1)
- exploratory-behavior (1)
- exposure time (1)
- expression patterns (1)
- extinct birds (1)
- extracellular enzymes (1)
- extracellular matrix (1)
- extracellular signaling (1)
- extreme events (1)
- extreme weather event (1)
- extreme weather events (1)
- extremophiles (1)
- extremotolerance (1)
- facilitation (1)
- factor VII (1)
- fasciation (1)
- fear (1)
- felidae (1)
- fence interaction (1)
- fernandoi (1)
- fertilization (1)
- fibrinogen (1)
- field boundaries (1)
- field vole (1)
- fitness (1)
- fitness consequences (1)
- fitness response (1)
- florfenicol (1)
- floristic survey (1)
- fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (1)
- fluorescence microscopy (1)
- fluviatilis (1)
- foetal growth (1)
- food access (1)
- food quality (1)
- foraging behavior (1)
- forest (1)
- forest conversion (1)
- forest management (1)
- fossil pollen (1)
- fractionation factors (1)
- fragmented landscapes (1)
- frame index (1)
- free-living (1)
- free-ranging (1)
- freshwater heterotrophic bacteria (1)
- fruit development (1)
- full-length transcriptome (1)
- functional response (1)
- fungal community (1)
- fungal pathogens (1)
- fungi (1)
- gamma diversity (1)
- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1)
- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (1)
- gate effect (1)
- gender gap (1)
- gene delivery (1)
- gene flow (1)
- gene regulatory networks (1)
- gene responsiveness (1)
- gene-expression (1)
- generalized dissimilarity modelling (1)
- genetic accommodation (1)
- genetic adaptation (1)
- genetic differentiation (1)
- genetic diversity (1)
- genetic rescue (1)
- genome architecture (1)
- genome scan (1)
- genome-scale metabolic (1)
- genomic prediction (1)
- genotype (1)
- germ pores (1)
- giraffe (1)
- giraffe conservation (1)
- glacial maximum (1)
- glioma (1)
- global and regional change (1)
- glucan phosphorylase (1)
- glycogen (1)
- gov (1)
- gradient boosting (1)
- grain size (1)
- grazing (1)
- green-green dilemma (1)
- groundwater (1)
- group living (1)
- growth (1)
- growth rate (1)
- growth references (1)
- growth standards (1)
- growth tempo (1)
- guard cell (1)
- guideline (1)
- habitat (1)
- habitat loss (1)
- habitat selection (1)
- handgrip strength (1)
- harmful algae (1)
- heart regeneration (1)
- heat shock protein (1)
- heat stress (1)
- heavy-chain-only antibody (1)
- height in history (1)
- heliozoa (1)
- heme (1)
- heterosis (1)
- heterostyly (1)
- hexoses (1)
- hidden obesity (1)
- high density (1)
- high-dimensional cytometry data (1)
- histone modification (1)
- historical growth (1)
- historical maps (1)
- holobiont (1)
- home range selection (1)
- home-away effect (1)
- honey bee (1)
- host alternation (1)
- host specificity (1)
- host– pathogen dynamics (1)
- hsp70 (1)
- human aldehyde oxidase (1)
- human endotoxemia (1)
- human introduction (1)
- human-animal relationships (1)
- human-wildlife conflicts (1)
- humic lake (1)
- hybridization (1)
- hybridization barrier (1)
- hybridization capture (1)
- hybridoma (1)
- hydro-engineering history; (1)
- hydrochlorothiazide (1)
- hymenoptera (1)
- hyperoxia (1)
- hyperspectral measurements (1)
- iPhone (1)
- image processing (1)
- immobilization (1)
- immobilized enzyme (1)
- immune cell population (1)
- immunogenicity (1)
- immunonutrition (1)
- immunotherapy (1)
- importin (1)
- in planta modification (1)
- in vitro (1)
- in-situ (1)
- inbreeding depression (1)
- incubation (1)
- indirubin-3-monoxime (1)
- individual variation (1)
- individual‐ based model (1)
- induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- industrial farming (1)
- infection (1)
- inflammation (1)
- inhibition (1)
- inland water (1)
- inquiry (1)
- insect behavior (1)
- insect decline (1)
- integrated assessments (1)
- inter- and intra-species interactions (1)
- interaction (1)
- internal transcribed spacer (1)
- intestine (1)
- intra-organ-communication (1)
- intraguild predation (1)
- intraspecific diversity (1)
- intraspecific trait variation (1)
- intraspecific variation (1)
- intrinsic motivation (1)
- intrinsically disordered proteins (1)
- introgression (1)
- invasibility (1)
- invasion stages (1)
- inversion (1)
- inversions (1)
- inverted terminal repeat (ITR) (1)
- ion channel (1)
- ionic strength (1)
- irbesartan (1)
- iron (1)
- irrigation (1)
- island disharmony (1)
- island syndromes (1)
- islands (1)
- jasmonate (1)
- joint probability (1)
- karyopherin (1)
- kelp (1)
- kernel density estimation (1)
- kudu (1)
- l-cysteine desulfurase (1)
- laboratory practice (1)
- lactate (1)
- lactic acid (1)
- lake community (1)
- lake periphyton (1)
- lake stratification (1)
- land sharing vs (1)
- land sparing (1)
- land-use change (1)
- land-use conflicts (1)
- landscape complexity; (1)
- landscape connectivity (1)
- landscape diversity (1)
- landscape of fear (1)
- landscape scale (1)
- larch (1)
- large marsh grasshopper (1)
- last glacial (1)
- late pleistocene (1)
- latitudinal gradient (1)
- leading edge (1)
- leaf economics (1)
- leaf morphology (1)
- leucine amino peptidases (1)
- life-history traits (1)
- lifetime (1)
- lignocellulose (1)
- limits (1)
- linear enamel hypoplasia (1)
- lipid droplets (1)
- lipid limitation thresholds (1)
- lipid metabolism (1)
- lipid-ratio (1)
- lipids (1)
- lipid–lipid interactions (1)
- lipoplexes (1)
- lipopolysaccharide (1)
- lipoproteins (1)
- livestock (1)
- local knowledge (1)
- long-term hydrological changes (1)
- loop modification (1)
- lycopersicum (1)
- lyso-phospholipids (1)
- lysosomal storage disorders (1)
- mRFP1 (1)
- macromolecular assemblies (1)
- magpie (1)
- major histocompatibility complex (1)
- male Daphnia (1)
- management (1)
- many-to-one genotype–phenotype map (1)
- mapping (1)
- mark-release-recapture (1)
- mass cytometry data (1)
- mass production process (1)
- material and moral conditions (1)
- maternal nicotine consumption (1)
- mayfly (1)
- mcgraph (1)
- measles virus (1)
- mediated delivery (1)
- membrane biophysics (1)
- membrane fractionation (1)
- membrane microdomains (1)
- membrane proteins (1)
- mesophyll cell (1)
- metabolic rate (1)
- metabolic-profiling (1)
- metabolites (1)
- metabolomic (1)
- metagenome (1)
- metagenomics (1)
- metagenomics 2.0 (1)
- miRNA (1)
- micro-computed tomography (1)
- microalgal resource (1)
- microbial communities (1)
- microbial interactions (1)
- microbial invasion (1)
- microclimate (1)
- microplastics ingestion (1)
- microscale thermophoresis (MST) (1)
- microscopy (1)
- microsomes (1)
- microtubule (1)
- microtubule-organizing center (1)
- migrants (1)
- mini growth spurt (1)
- mining lakes (1)
- mitochondrial genome (1)
- mitochondrial phylogeny (1)
- mitogenomes (1)
- mixed cultures (1)
- model (1)
- molecular evolution (1)
- molecular modeling (1)
- molecular phylogenetics (1)
- molecular phylogeny (1)
- molecular species identification (1)
- molluscs (1)
- molybdenum (1)
- monoclonal antibody (1)
- monogonont rotifer (1)
- morphological similarities (1)
- morphometrics (1)
- mortality (1)
- motor neurons (1)
- movement patterns (1)
- movement speed (1)
- mowing (1)
- multi-parametric analysis (1)
- multienzyme electrode (1)
- multivalence (1)
- mutagenesis (1)
- mutation (1)
- myocardium (1)
- myodes glareolus (1)
- nanobodies (1)
- nanobody (1)
- narrow-mouthed frogs (1)
- natural habitats (1)
- natural killer cells (NK cells) (1)
- natural particle (1)
- natural products (1)
- natural variation (1)
- natural-selection (1)
- nature of science (1)
- neophilia (1)
- neophobia (1)
- nest-site selection (1)
- network (1)
- neutral landscape models (1)
- neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (1)
- neutralization (1)
- new species (1)
- newborn size (1)
- niche width (1)
- nitrogen availability (1)
- noise color (1)
- non-breeding (1)
- noncanonical amino acid (1)
- noncoding RNA (1)
- nondemonic intrusions (1)
- nonlinear response (1)
- nonribosomal peptide synthetases (1)
- normal weigh obese (1)
- novel biomarkers (1)
- novel ecosystems (1)
- novel species (1)
- novelty (1)
- nuclear envelop (1)
- nuclear pore complex (1)
- nuclear transport (1)
- nucleic acids (1)
- nucleoporins (1)
- nucleus (1)
- nucleus-associated body (1)
- nutrient availability (1)
- nutrient ratios (1)
- nutrient spike (1)
- nutritional status (1)
- o-phenylenediamine (1)
- obesity (1)
- oil (1)
- oil palm (1)
- oil yield (1)
- olive rhizobacteria (1)
- one-carbon metabolism (1)
- ontogeny (1)
- opportunistic behaviour (1)
- ordinary differential equation (1)
- organic matter mineralization (1)
- orthogonal system (1)
- osmotic-pressure (1)
- osteology (1)
- outbreeding depression (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- oxygen scavenger (1)
- pace of life (1)
- pacific oyster (1)
- palaeoenvironment (1)
- palaeovegetation (1)
- paleoclimate (1)
- paleoenvironmental records (1)
- paleoenvironments (1)
- paleogenomics (1)
- parameter estimation (1)
- parameters (1)
- parasites (1)
- parasitoid (1)
- parentage (1)
- partial correlation (1)
- partial differential equations (1)
- partial protandry (1)
- participatory research (1)
- particle-associated (1)
- particle-associated bacteria (1)
- past biosphere (1)
- pathogen host (1)
- pathogens (1)
- pathways (1)
- pattern perception (1)
- peptides (1)
- perceptibility (1)
- performance evaluation (1)
- perfusion bioreactor (1)
- periodic flooding (1)
- permafrost (1)
- permafrost deposits (1)
- peroxidase mimics (1)
- peroxidases (1)
- personality (1)
- personality-traits (1)
- perylene quinone derivatives (1)
- phage (1)
- pharmaceutical dosage forms (1)
- phenology (1)
- phenomic prediction (1)
- phenotypic phase plane (1)
- phenotypic plasticity (1)
- phenotyping (1)
- phonotaxis (1)
- phosphatidylserine (1)
- phosphoglucan water dikinase (1)
- phosphorus (1)
- phosphorus limitation (1)
- phosphorylated amino acid (1)
- photorespiration (1)
- photoresponse (1)
- photosynthesis (1)
- physical and physiological dormancy (1)
- physical fitness (1)
- physical modification (1)
- physical time (1)
- physiology (1)
- phytoplankton (1)
- phytoplankton host (1)
- picocyanobacteria diversity (1)
- plant Mediator (1)
- plant biology (1)
- plant cell wall (1)
- plant community (1)
- plant functional traits (1)
- plant growth (1)
- plant interactions (1)
- plant macrofossil data (1)
- plant ontogenetic stage (1)
- plant pathology (1)
- plant strategies (1)
- plant traits (1)
- plant-soil (belowground) interactions (1)
- plant-soil feedback (1)
- plants (1)
- plant–soil feedback (1)
- playback (1)
- polarization (1)
- pollinator (1)
- polyamide (1)
- polymorphism (1)
- polyunsaturated fatty acids (1)
- population demography (1)
- population growth rate (1)
- populations (1)
- positive selection (1)
- post-harvest (1)
- potency (1)
- potential-functions (1)
- pre-service teacher (1)
- preadaptation (1)
- predator prey (1)
- predator trait variation (1)
- predator-prey dynamics (1)
- predator-prey systems (1)
- predictive models (1)
- preindustrial to industrial period (1)
- pressures (1)
- prestige (1)
- preterm infants (1)
- priming effects (1)
- primula (1)
- principal component analysis (1)
- process-based crop model (1)
- process-based modeling (1)
- professional knowledge (1)
- progenitor cells (1)
- promiscuous (1)
- proteasome (1)
- proteasome storage granules (1)
- protein-metabolite (1)
- protein-protein interaction (1)
- proteoliposomes (1)
- prothrombin (1)
- psychrotolerant (1)
- pulse perturbation (1)
- pump (1)
- purifying selection (1)
- pyruvate (1)
- quantification (1)
- radiocarbon ages (1)
- random forests (1)
- random sampling (1)
- rank (1)
- rarity (1)
- re-analysis (1)
- reaction norms (1)
- reciprocal transplant experiment (1)
- recombination (1)
- redox marker (1)
- redox polymer (1)
- reed (1)
- regime shift (1)
- regression (1)
- regulate gene expression (1)
- regulation (1)
- regulation of growth (1)
- regulatory evolution (1)
- remodeling atpase brahma (1)
- replacement (1)
- reproductive success (1)
- reserve design (1)
- resistance (1)
- resonance energy transfer (1)
- resource allocation (1)
- resource use (1)
- resource-tracking (1)
- respirometry (1)
- responses (1)
- resurrection plants (1)
- review of written (1)
- risk (1)
- rivastigmine (1)
- rivers (1)
- robustness (1)
- roosting site (1)
- root endophytes (1)
- root morphology (1)
- rotifer (1)
- rotifers (1)
- rough sets (1)
- ruderal plant species (1)
- rural populations (1)
- salicylic-acid (1)
- salinity gradient (1)
- salt stress (1)
- saprobic fungi (1)
- savanna (1)
- scRNA-seq (1)
- scale-dependency (1)
- scaled mass index (1)
- scaling (1)
- screening (1)
- secondary metabolite profiling (1)
- secular change (1)
- secular trend (1)
- sediment core (1)
- sediment dynamics (1)
- sediment traps (1)
- seed bank (1)
- seed development (1)
- seed ecology (1)
- seed mass (1)
- seed morphology (1)
- self-perception (1)
- semi-closed mitosis (1)
- semi-quantitative (1)
- semiconductors (1)
- sensory system (1)
- sentinel-1 (1)
- sequencing error (1)
- serine cycle (1)
- sex determination (1)
- sexual dimorphism (1)
- sfGFP (1)
- shading cooling (1)
- sharks (1)
- shock proteins (1)
- short-read mapping (1)
- short-term growth (1)
- signal transduction (1)
- silica beads (1)
- simulation (1)
- single domain antibodies (1)
- single nucleotide polymorphism (1)
- single nucleotide polymorphism mapping (1)
- single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (1)
- sirna transfection (1)
- sister species (1)
- sitosterol (1)
- skeletal age (1)
- skeletal robusticity (1)
- slim term (1)
- small-spored Alternaria fungi (1)
- smoking (1)
- smut fungi (1)
- snow cover duration (1)
- social class (1)
- social identity (1)
- social network (1)
- social systems (1)
- social-ecological system (1)
- soil (1)
- soil aggregation (1)
- soil moisture (1)
- solar powered light-emitting diode (1)
- solitary bees (1)
- source regions (1)
- sources (1)
- space use (1)
- spatial autocorrelation (1)
- spatially explicit (1)
- spatially explicit model (1)
- spatially induced variance (1)
- specialized metabolites (1)
- speciation (1)
- species abundance (1)
- species assembly (1)
- species coexistence (1)
- species functional traits (1)
- species interactions (1)
- specific root surface (1)
- specificity (1)
- spectroscopy (1)
- sphingosine kinase (1)
- sphingosine kinase inhibitor SKI-II (1)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate (1)
- spillovers (1)
- spindle pole body (1)
- spontaneous reaction (1)
- springbok (1)
- stability (1)
- stable carbon isotopes (1)
- stable isotopes (1)
- standard metabolic rate (1)
- standard metrics (1)
- standing long jump (1)
- starch application (1)
- starch degradation (1)
- starch granule (1)
- starch granule initiation (1)
- starch granule morphology (1)
- starch granule number per chloroplast (1)
- starch granule number regulation (1)
- starch granule size (1)
- starch granules (1)
- starch initiation (1)
- starch modification (1)
- starch morphology (1)
- state and transition (1)
- static and dynamic light scattering (1)
- step selection (1)
- sterol (1)
- sterols (1)
- stochastic fluctuations (1)
- stopover (1)
- storage (1)
- storm (1)
- stress tolerance (1)
- structural diversity (1)
- structural equation model (1)
- structural equation modeling (1)
- structure (1)
- structured correlation (1)
- subcellular localization (1)
- sucrose (1)
- sulfite oxidase (1)
- sulfur (1)
- sun1 (1)
- supergene (1)
- support vector machine (1)
- surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR) (1)
- surface reflection (1)
- surveillance-based diagnostics (1)
- survival (1)
- sustainability science (1)
- sustainable (1)
- synthase (1)
- target capture (1)
- taxis (1)
- taxonomic levels (1)
- taxonomic revision (1)
- taxonomy (1)
- teleost (1)
- telomere dysfunction (1)
- template digestion (1)
- terpenoids (1)
- the Penman-Monteith equation (1)
- therapeutics (1)
- thermal-stress (1)
- time series analysis (1)
- time-resolved luminescence (1)
- tissue (1)
- tissue specificity (1)
- tissue stiffness (1)
- tissue types (1)
- titin (1)
- top-down control (1)
- toxicity (1)
- training sample (1)
- trait measurements (1)
- trait variability (1)
- trait-environment relationship (1)
- traits (1)
- transcript (1)
- transcription (1)
- transcriptional memory (1)
- transcriptome (1)
- transcriptomics (1)
- transcripts (1)
- transfer (1)
- transgenerational inheritance (1)
- transient expression (1)
- transition (1)
- transporter (1)
- tree species diversity (1)
- tree-grass interactions (1)
- treeline ecotone (1)
- tri-axial accelerometers (1)
- triaxial acceleration (1)
- trimethylamine N-oxide (1)
- triploid block (1)
- tritrophic food web (1)
- trophic specialization (1)
- tropical maize (1)
- trypanosoma (1)
- tumor immunity (1)
- tumor microenvironment (1)
- tumor-associated macrophage (1)
- uPA (1)
- uPAR (1)
- undernutrition (1)
- unnatural amino acid (1)
- urbanization (1)
- urokinase (1)
- vegetation height (1)
- video scan technology (1)
- vimentin (1)
- viologen (1)
- virus infection (1)
- volatilome (1)
- warburg effect (1)
- water dikinase (1)
- water resources (1)
- water vole (1)
- weevil (1)
- weight-to-height ratio (1)
- westernization (1)
- wetland vegetation (1)
- wildlife and habitat management (1)
- wildlife casualties (1)
- wildlife knowledge (1)
- wind energy bat conflict (1)
- winter wheat (1)
- xanthine oxidase (1)
- xylem (1)
- zebrafish (1)
- zebularine (1)
- zinc fingers (1)
- δ13C (1)
- δ15N (1)
- „Natur der Naturwissenschaften“ (1)
Institute
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie (413) (remove)
Background
Parasitoid wasps have fascinating life cycles and play an important role in trophic networks, yet little is known about their genome content and function. Parasitoids that infect aphids are an important group with the potential for biological control. Their success depends on adapting to develop inside aphids and overcoming both host aphid defenses and their protective endosymbionts.
Results
We present the de novo genome assemblies, detailed annotation, and comparative analysis of two closely related parasitoid wasps that target pest aphids: Aphidius ervi and Lysiphlebus fabarum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae). The genomes are small (139 and 141 Mbp) and the most AT-rich reported thus far for any arthropod (GC content: 25.8 and 23.8%). This nucleotide bias is accompanied by skewed codon usage and is stronger in genes with adult-biased expression. AT-richness may be the consequence of reduced genome size, a near absence of DNA methylation, and energy efficiency. We identify missing desaturase genes, whose absence may underlie mimicry in the cuticular hydrocarbon profile of L. fabarum. We highlight key gene groups including those underlying venom composition, chemosensory perception, and sex determination, as well as potential losses in immune pathway genes.
Conclusions
These findings are of fundamental interest for insect evolution and biological control applications. They provide a strong foundation for further functional studies into coevolution between parasitoids and their hosts. Both genomes are available at https://bipaa.genouest.org.
Identification and Characterization of Three Epithiospecifier Protein Isoforms in Brassica oleracea
(2019)
Glucosinolates present in Brassicaceae play a major role in herbivory defense. Upon tissue disruption, glucosinolates come into contact with myrosinase, which initiates their breakdown to biologically active compounds. Among these, the formation of epithionitriles is triggered by the presence of epithiospecifier protein (ESP) and a terminal double bond in the glucosinolate side chain. One ESP gene is characterized in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (AtESP; At1g54040.2). However, Brassica species underwent genome triplication since their divergence from the Arabidopsis lineage. This indicates the presence of multiple ESP isoforms in Brassica crops that are currently poorly characterized. We identified three B. oleracea ESPs, specifically BoESP1 (LOC106296341), BoESP2 (LOC106306810), and BoESP3 (LOC106325105) based on in silico genome analysis. Transcript and protein abundance were assessed in shoots and roots of four B. oleracea vegetables, namely broccoli, kohlrabi, white, and red cabbage, because these genotypes showed a differential pattern for the formation of glucosinolate hydrolysis products as well for their ESP activity. BoESP1 and BoESP2 were expressed mainly in shoots, while BoESP3 was abundant in roots. Biochemical characterization of heterologous expressed BoESP isoforms revealed different substrate specificities towards seven glucosinolates: all isoforms showed epithiospecifier activity on alkenyl glucosinolates, but not on non-alkenyl glucosinolates. The pH-value differently affected BoESP activity: while BoESP1 and BoESP2 activities were optimal at pH 6-7, BoESP3 activity remained relatively stable from pH 4 to 7. In order test their potential for the in vivo modification of glucosinolate breakdown, the three isoforms were expressed in A. thaliana Hi-0, which lacks AtESP expression, and analyzed for the effect on their respective hydrolysis products. The BoESPs altered the hydrolysis of allyl glucosinolate in the A. thaliana transformants to release 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane and reduced formation of the corresponding 3-butenenitrile and allyl isothiocyanate. Plants expressing BoESP2 showed the highest percentage of released epithionitriles. Given these results, we propose a model for isoform-specific roles of B. oleracea ESPs in glucosinolate breakdown.
Utilising a reconstructed ancestral mitochondrial genome of a clade to design hybridisation capture baits can provide the opportunity for recovering mitochondrial sequences from all its descendent and even sister lineages. This approach is useful for taxa with no extant close relatives, as is often the case for rare or extinct species, and is a viable approach for the analysis of historical museum specimens. Asiatic linsangs (genus Prionodon) exemplify this situation, being rare Southeast Asian carnivores for which little molecular data is available. Using ancestral capture we recover partial mitochondrial genome sequences for seven banded linsangs (P. linsang) from historical specimens, representing the first intraspecific genetic dataset for this species. We additionally assemble a high quality mitogenome for the banded linsang using shotgun sequencing for time-calibrated phylogenetic analysis. This reveals a deep divergence between the two Asiatic linsang species (P. linsang, P. pardicolor), with an estimated divergence of ~12 million years (Ma). Although our sample size precludes any robust interpretation of the population structure of the banded linsang, we recover two distinct matrilines with an estimated tMRCA of ~1 Ma. Our results can be used as a basis for further investigation of the Asiatic linsangs, and further demonstrate the utility of ancestral capture for studying divergent taxa without close relatives.
Despite the increasing number of species invasions, the factors driving invasiveness are still under debate. This is particularly the case for “invisible” invasions by aquatic microbial species. Since in many cases only a few individuals or propagules enter a new habitat, their genetic variation is low and might limit their invasion success, known as the genetic bottleneck. Thus, a key question is, how genetic identity and diversity of invading species influences their invasion success and, subsequently, affect the resident community. We conducted invader-addition experiments using genetically different strains of the globally invasive, aquatic cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii (formerly: Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii) to determine the role of invader identity and genetic diversity (strain richness) at four levels of herbivory. We tested the invasion success of solitary single strain invasions against the invader genetic diversity, which was experimentally increased up to ten strains (multi-strain populations). By using amplicon sequencing we determined the strain-specific invasion success in the multi-strain treatments and compared those with the success of these strains in the single-strain treatments. Furthermore, we tested for the invasion success under different herbivore pressures. We showed that high grazing pressure by a generalist herbivore prevented invasion, whereas a specialist herbivore enabled coexistence of consumer and invader. We found a weak effect of diversity on invasion success only under highly competitive conditions. When invasions were successful, the magnitude of this success was strain-specific and consistent among invasions performed with single-strain or multi-strain populations. A strain-specific effect was also observed on the resident phytoplankton community composition, highlighting the strong role of invader genetic identity. Our results point to a strong effect of the genetic identity on the invasion success under low predation pressure. The genetic diversity of the invader population, however, had little effect on invasion success in our study, in contrast to most previous findings. Instead, it is the interaction between the consumer abundance and type together with the strain identity of the invader that defined invasion success. This study underlines the importance of strain choice in invasion research and in ecological studies in general.
New Methods, New Concepts
(2020)
Microbial interactions play an essential role in aquatic ecosystems and are of the great interest for both marine and freshwater ecologists. Recent development of new technologies and methods allowed to reveal many functional mechanisms and create new concepts. Yet, many fundamental aspects of microbial interactions have been almost exclusively studied for marine pelagic and benthic ecosystems. These studies resulted in a formulation of the Black Queen Hypothesis, a development of the phycosphere concept for pelagic communities, and a realization of microbial communication as a key mechanism for microbial interactions. In freshwater ecosystems, especially for periphyton communities, studies focus mainly on physiology, biodiversity, biological indication, and assessment, but the many aspects of microbial interactions are neglected to a large extent. Since periphyton plays a great role for aquatic nutrient cycling, provides the basis for water purification, and can be regarded as a hotspot of microbial biodiversity, we highlight that more in-depth studies on microbial interactions in periphyton are needed to improve our understanding on functioning of freshwater ecosystems. In this paper we first present an overview on recent concepts (e.g., the “Black Queen Hypothesis”) derived from state-of-the-art OMICS methods including metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metabolomics. We then point to the avenues how these methods can be applied for future studies on biodiversity and the ecological role of freshwater periphyton, a yet largely neglected component of many freshwater ecosystems.
Background
In Europe, bank voles (Myodes glareolus) are widely distributed and can transmit Puumala virus (PUUV) to humans, which causes a mild to moderate form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, called nephropathia epidemica. Uncovering the link between host and virus dynamics can help to prevent human PUUV infections in the future. Bank voles were live trapped three times a year in 2010–2013 in three woodland plots in each of four regions in Germany. Bank vole population density was estimated and blood samples collected to detect PUUV specific antibodies.
Results
We demonstrated that fluctuation of PUUV seroprevalence is dependent not only on multi-annual but also on seasonal dynamics of rodent host abundance. Moreover, PUUV infection might affect host fitness, because seropositive individuals survived better from spring to summer than uninfected bank voles. Individual space use was independent of PUUV infections.
Conclusions
Our study provides robust estimations of relevant patterns and processes of the dynamics of PUUV and its rodent host in Central Europe, which are highly important for the future development of predictive models for human hantavirus infection risk
Background
In Europe, bank voles (Myodes glareolus) are widely distributed and can transmit Puumala virus (PUUV) to humans, which causes a mild to moderate form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, called nephropathia epidemica. Uncovering the link between host and virus dynamics can help to prevent human PUUV infections in the future. Bank voles were live trapped three times a year in 2010–2013 in three woodland plots in each of four regions in Germany. Bank vole population density was estimated and blood samples collected to detect PUUV specific antibodies.
Results
We demonstrated that fluctuation of PUUV seroprevalence is dependent not only on multi-annual but also on seasonal dynamics of rodent host abundance. Moreover, PUUV infection might affect host fitness, because seropositive individuals survived better from spring to summer than uninfected bank voles. Individual space use was independent of PUUV infections.
Conclusions
Our study provides robust estimations of relevant patterns and processes of the dynamics of PUUV and its rodent host in Central Europe, which are highly important for the future development of predictive models for human hantavirus infection risk.
EDTA and NTA effectively tune the mineralization of calcium phosphate from bulk aqueous solution
(2017)
This study describes the effects of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid (EDTA) on themineralization of calciumphosphate from bulk aqueous solution. Mineralization was performed between pH 6 and 9 and with NTA or EDTA concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 mM. X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy show that at low pH, mainly brushite precipitates and at higher pH, mostly hydroxyapatite forms. Both additives alter the morphology of the precipitates. Without additive, brushite precipitates as large plates. With NTA, the morphology changes to an unusual rod-like shape. With EDTA, the edges of the particles are rounded and disk-like particles form. Conductivity and pH measurements suggest that the final products form through several intermediate steps.
Plants frequently have to weather both biotic and abiotic stressors, and have evolved sophisticated adaptation and defense mechanisms. In recent years, chromatin modifications, nucleosome positioning, and DNA methylation have been recognized as important components in these adaptations. Given their potential epigenetic nature, such modifications may provide a mechanistic basis for a stress memory, enabling plants to respond more efficiently to recurring stress or even to prepare their offspring for potential future assaults. In this review, we discuss both the involvement of chromatin in stress responses and the current evidence on somatic, intergenerational, and transgenerational stress memory.
Background: Endogenous murine leukemia retroviruses (MLVs) are high copy number proviral elements difficult to comprehensively characterize using standard low throughput sequencing approaches. However, high throughput approaches generate data that is challenging to process, interpret and present.
Results: Next generation sequencing (NGS) data was generated for MLVs from two wild caught Mus musculus domesticus (from mainland France and Corsica) and for inbred laboratory mouse strains C3H, LP/J and SJL. Sequence reads were grouped using a novel sequence clustering approach as applied to retroviral sequences. A Markov cluster algorithm was employed, and the sequence reads were queried for matches to specific xenotropic (Xmv), polytropic (Pmv) and modified polytropic (Mpmv) viral reference sequences.
Conclusions: Various MLV subtypes were more widespread than expected among the mice, which may be due to the higher coverage of NGS, or to the presence of similar sequence across many different proviral loci. The results did not correlate with variation in the major MLV receptor Xpr1, which can restrict exogenous MLVs, suggesting that endogenous MLV distribution may reflect gene flow more than past resistance to infection.
We extend the scope of European palaeogenomics by sequencing the genomes of Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,300 years old, 1.4-fold coverage) and Mesolithic (9,700 years old, 15.4-fold) males from western Georgia in the Caucasus and a Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,700 years old, 9.5-fold) male from Switzerland. While we detect Late Palaeolithic-Mesolithic genomic continuity in both regions, we find that Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG) belong to a distinct ancient clade that split from western hunter-gatherers similar to 45 kya, shortly after the expansion of anatomically modern humans into Europe and from the ancestors of Neolithic farmers similar to 25 kya, around the Last Glacial Maximum. CHG genomes significantly contributed to the Yamnaya steppe herders who migrated into Europe similar to 3,000 BC, supporting a formative Caucasus influence on this important Early Bronze age culture. CHG left their imprint on modern populations from the Caucasus and also central and south Asia possibly marking the arrival of Indo-Aryan languages.
Background: Development of eukaryotic organisms is controlled by transcription factors that trigger specific and global changes in gene expression programs. In plants, MADS-domain transcription factors act as master regulators of developmental switches and organ specification. However, the mechanisms by which these factors dynamically regulate the expression of their target genes at different developmental stages are still poorly understood.
Results: We characterized the relationship of chromatin accessibility, gene expression, and DNA binding of two MADS-domain proteins at different stages of Arabidopsis flower development. Dynamic changes in APETALA1 and SEPALLATA3 DNA binding correlated with changes in gene expression, and many of the target genes could be associated with the developmental stage in which they are transcriptionally controlled. We also observe dynamic changes in chromatin accessibility during flower development. Remarkably, DNA binding of APETALA1 and SEPALLATA3 is largely independent of the accessibility status of their binding regions and it can precede increases in DNA accessibility. These results suggest that APETALA1 and SEPALLATA3 may modulate chromatin accessibility, thereby facilitating access of other transcriptional regulators to their target genes.
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that different homeotic factors regulate partly overlapping, yet also distinctive sets of target genes in a partly stage-specific fashion. By combining the information from DNA-binding and gene expression data, we are able to propose models of stage-specific regulatory interactions, thereby addressing dynamics of regulatory networks throughout flower development. Furthermore, MADS-domain TFs may regulate gene expression by alternative strategies, one of which is modulation of chromatin accessibility.
The Great Hungarian Plain was a crossroads of cultural transformations that have shaped European prehistory. Here we analyse a 5,000-year transect of human genomes, sampled from petrous bones giving consistently excellent endogenous DNA yields, from 13 Hungarian Neolithic, Copper, Bronze and Iron Age burials including two to high (similar to 22x) and seven to similar to 1x coverage, to investigate the impact of these on Europe's genetic landscape. These data suggest genomic shifts with the advent of the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages, with interleaved periods of genome stability. The earliest Neolithic context genome shows a European hunter-gatherer genetic signature and a restricted ancestral population size, suggesting direct contact between cultures after the arrival of the first farmers into Europe. The latest, Iron Age, sample reveals an eastern genomic influence concordant with introduced Steppe burial rites. We observe transition towards lighter pigmentation and surprisingly, no Neolithic presence of lactase persistence.