Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (221) (remove)
Keywords
- exercise (8)
- football (7)
- adolescents (6)
- fMRI (6)
- German (5)
- aging (5)
- embodied cognition (5)
- neuroimaging (5)
- performance (5)
- working memory (5)
- Adolescents (4)
- Cardiac rehabilitation (4)
- SNARC (4)
- language acquisition (4)
- major depressive disorder (4)
- resistance training (4)
- Embodied cognition (3)
- Exercise (3)
- Mental number line (3)
- Randomized controlled trial (3)
- Resistance training (3)
- Spanish (3)
- depression (3)
- electromyography (3)
- emotion (3)
- injury risk (3)
- insula (3)
- interoceptive awareness (3)
- locality (3)
- obesity (3)
- physiology (3)
- training (3)
- training load (3)
- young athletes (3)
- youth (3)
- Adaptive Force (2)
- Aftercare (2)
- Balance (2)
- COVID-19 (2)
- COVID-19 pandemic (2)
- Children (2)
- Decision making (2)
- English (2)
- Exercise therapy (2)
- Eye movements (2)
- Finger counting (2)
- Holding isometric muscle action (2)
- Mechanotendography (2)
- Number processing (2)
- NutriAct Family Study (2)
- Performance (2)
- Predictors (2)
- Pushing isometric muscle action (2)
- Quality of life (2)
- TAVI (2)
- Working memory (2)
- activation (2)
- balance (2)
- biomechanics (2)
- cardiac rehabilitation (2)
- childhood (2)
- children (2)
- diabetes (2)
- discourse (2)
- elite athletes (2)
- epidemiology (2)
- exercise therapy (2)
- expectation (2)
- eye movements (2)
- eye-tracking (2)
- fatigue (2)
- force (2)
- ground reaction force (2)
- ground reaction forces (2)
- hospitalization (2)
- individual differences (2)
- injury (2)
- interoception (2)
- language (2)
- lipids (2)
- mental arithmetic (2)
- mental simulation (2)
- meta-analysis (2)
- mind wandering (2)
- monitoring (2)
- muscle strength (2)
- neuromuscular (2)
- numerical cognition (2)
- oncology (2)
- operational momentum (2)
- osteoporosis (2)
- physical performance (2)
- postural stability (2)
- prevention (2)
- quality management (2)
- quality of life (2)
- rate of perceived exertion (2)
- recovery (2)
- remission (2)
- review (2)
- rolling averages (2)
- running mechanics (2)
- sentence comprehension (2)
- speech perception (2)
- sport-specific performance (2)
- sports (2)
- therapy (2)
- weighted moving averages (2)
- working memory capacity (2)
- 1-to-1 Correspondence (1)
- ACT-R (1)
- ACWR (1)
- AMSTAR 2 (1)
- AUD (1)
- Achilles and patellar tendon (1)
- Acoustic Analysis (1)
- Adipositas (1)
- Adult-child interaction (1)
- Age of acquisition (1)
- Aging (1)
- Amygdala (1)
- Anforderungen (1)
- Anti-doping guideline (1)
- Anti-doping program (1)
- Aphasia (1)
- Appearance (1)
- Assembly task (1)
- Assessment (1)
- Attention (1)
- Attrition (1)
- Back pain diagnosis (1)
- Back pain prognosis (1)
- Background (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Broca’s aphasia (1)
- CHOP (1)
- Cardinality (1)
- Cardiovascular diseases (1)
- Cardiovascular risk factors (1)
- Catalan VCV Sequences (1)
- Category verification (1)
- Child (1)
- Chronic conditions (1)
- Chronic heart failure (CHF) (1)
- Chronic low back pain (1)
- Clinical psychology (1)
- Clinical study (1)
- Clinical supervision (1)
- Closure Positive Shift (CPS) (1)
- Cognition (1)
- Cognition motor (1)
- Cognitive development (1)
- Cognitive impairment (1)
- Competitive sport (1)
- Contrast (1)
- Coping (1)
- Cost-effectiveness (1)
- Countermovement jump (1)
- Cross-frequency PLV (1)
- Cross-lagged panel analysis (1)
- Cross-sectoral care (1)
- Crossover fatigue (1)
- Cultural intelligence (1)
- Cystic fibrosis (1)
- DLT (1)
- DXA (1)
- Daily life (1)
- Data pooling (1)
- Delirium prevention (1)
- Dementia (1)
- Depressive symptoms (1)
- Development (1)
- Developmental hyperscanning (1)
- Diary study (1)
- Digital intervention (1)
- Disengagement (1)
- Doping (1)
- Dual EEG analysis (1)
- Dynamometry (1)
- EEG (1)
- ERPs (1)
- Eating behavior (1)
- Eccentric muscle action (1)
- Education (1)
- Elective surgery (1)
- Elite sports schools (1)
- Engagement (1)
- Event-related Potentials (ERP) (1)
- Event-related potentials (1)
- Evidence-based psychotherapy (1)
- Experience sampling method (1)
- Facial Expressions (1)
- Fall risk (1)
- Fall risk assessment (1)
- Fatigue (1)
- FieldTrip (1)
- Finger-based numerical representations (1)
- Finger-digit mapping (1)
- Fitness performance (1)
- Focus (1)
- Football (1)
- Forced drop-out (1)
- Frail elderly (1)
- Frailty (1)
- Future (1)
- GADD153 (1)
- GNAT (1)
- GRP78 (1)
- Games (1)
- Generalised magnitude system (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Geriatric rehabilitation (1)
- Givenness (1)
- Grip force (1)
- Growth curve models (1)
- HDL (1)
- Hamstring-quadriceps ratio (1)
- Health economics (1)
- Health promotion (1)
- Healthy aging (1)
- Heart (1)
- Home telemonitoring (1)
- Home-based (1)
- Hot and cool executive functioning (1)
- Human physical conditioning (1)
- Hungarian (1)
- Hypercholesterolemia (1)
- Hypertension (1)
- IL-6 (1)
- Iambic/Trochaic Law (1)
- Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) (1)
- Individualized therapy (1)
- Information (1)
- Information structure (1)
- Injury (1)
- Injury risk (1)
- Instability (1)
- Intensity Dose -response relationship (1)
- Intercultural competence (1)
- Interoception (1)
- Intuitive eating (1)
- Isometric contraction (1)
- Isometric muscle action (1)
- Jugendliche (1)
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (1)
- LDL (1)
- Lateral jumps (1)
- Learning (1)
- Lingual Coarticulation (1)
- Load (1)
- Locus Equations (1)
- Mandarin-English bilinguals (1)
- Martial arts (1)
- Mechanomyography (1)
- Melatonin receptor type 2 (1)
- Mental arithmetic (1)
- Mental disorders (1)
- Mental health (1)
- Mental time line (1)
- Mental time travel (1)
- Metaanalysis (1)
- Metaphors (1)
- Microvascular blood filling (1)
- Middle childhood (1)
- Mindfulness (1)
- Mixed methods (1)
- Mobility (1)
- Mortality (1)
- Motor system (1)
- Movement (1)
- Multiple risk factor intervention (1)
- Muscle strength (1)
- Muscle twitch (1)
- Muscularity concern (1)
- Musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena (1)
- Music cognition (1)
- N400 (1)
- Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (1)
- Noradrenaline (1)
- Nuclear accent (1)
- Obesity (1)
- Older adults (1)
- Older patients (1)
- Operational momentum (1)
- Oral anticoagulation (1)
- Oral anticoagulation therapy (1)
- Ordinality (1)
- Orienting (1)
- Outcome measures (1)
- Overhead athletes (1)
- Overt attention (1)
- Oxygen saturation (1)
- PLV (1)
- PROGRESS/TRIPOD (1)
- Pain screening (1)
- Partnership (1)
- Past (1)
- Patient self-management (1)
- Perception (1)
- Perception-action coupling (1)
- Persian (1)
- Phase Locking Value (1)
- Plyometric exercise (1)
- Pointing (1)
- Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (1)
- Postural stability (1)
- Predictability (1)
- Prediction of disability/intensity (1)
- Preventive therapy (1)
- Prosodic phrasing (1)
- Prosody (1)
- Prospective (1)
- Protective factors (1)
- Prävention (1)
- Psychotherapeutic competencies (1)
- Psychotherapy research (1)
- Pulling isometric muscle action (1)
- RPE (1)
- Randomized-controlled trial (1)
- Reading (1)
- Rechenstörung (1)
- Recognition Memory (1)
- Recollection (1)
- Recovery (1)
- Regulatory focus (1)
- Rehabilitation (1)
- Rehearsal (1)
- Repeated sprint (1)
- Resiliency (1)
- Resistance (1)
- Risiko (1)
- Role-playing (1)
- SEMG-pattern (1)
- SFON (1)
- SNARC effect (1)
- SRT (1)
- Scale development (1)
- School (1)
- Selection (1)
- Self-stigmatization (1)
- Semantic priming (1)
- Semantic typicality (1)
- Seniors (1)
- Sentence comprehension (1)
- Sequential instruction (1)
- Shoulder (1)
- Simulated patients (1)
- Situated cognition (1)
- Smoking (1)
- Smoking cessation (1)
- Spatial-temporal association (1)
- Speech Motor Control (1)
- Speed (1)
- Sport-specific performance (1)
- Standardized patients (1)
- State and trait measurement (1)
- Stress levels (1)
- Stroop effect (1)
- Supervision (1)
- Systematic review (1)
- TMS (1)
- Team sports (1)
- Telemedicine (1)
- Telerehabilitation (1)
- Therapie (1)
- Time course (1)
- Time to task failure (1)
- Total hip replacement (1)
- Total knee replacement (1)
- Travel (1)
- Treatment pathways (1)
- Trust (1)
- Trustworthiness (1)
- Two forms of isometric muscle action (1)
- Type 1 diabetes (1)
- Ultrasound (1)
- Umschriebene Entwicklungsstörung (1)
- Unaccusativity (1)
- Unergative verbs (1)
- Video games (1)
- Vitamin k-antagonists (1)
- Vocal-Tract (1)
- Weight (1)
- Weight bias internalization (1)
- Weight management trial (1)
- Weight/shape concern (1)
- Word frequency (1)
- Working memory updating (1)
- Yellow flags (1)
- Young male gymnast (1)
- Zahlen- und Mengenverständnis (1)
- abstract concepts (1)
- academy (1)
- accommodation (1)
- achilles tendinopathy (1)
- acoustic phonetics (1)
- action language (1)
- action processing (1)
- action segmentation (1)
- action words (1)
- acute chronic workload ratio (1)
- adaptability (1)
- adaptation to external force impact (1)
- addition (1)
- additive particles (1)
- adherence (1)
- adherence to medical treatment (1)
- adolescence (1)
- adolescent (1)
- adolescent sport (1)
- advanced disease (1)
- aftercare (1)
- agility (1)
- aging brain (1)
- alcohol consumption (1)
- alexithymia (1)
- allometry (1)
- alpha-2 (1)
- alternatives (1)
- amateur soccer players (1)
- ambiguities (1)
- anaphoricity (1)
- anger (1)
- animacy (1)
- ankles (1)
- anterior cruciate ligament (1)
- antidepressants (1)
- antilocality (1)
- anxiety (1)
- aphasia treatment (1)
- apoptosis (1)
- approach (1)
- arithmetic (1)
- athletes (1)
- athletic performance (1)
- attention (1)
- attitude (1)
- automatic facial expression analysis (1)
- avoidance (1)
- back pain (1)
- balance strategy (1)
- balance training (1)
- behavioral and self-report measures (1)
- behavioral weight loss (1)
- bilingualism (1)
- biological age (1)
- biological maturation (1)
- blood (1)
- body density (1)
- body limbs (1)
- body shape (1)
- body-specificity hypothesis (1)
- bone (1)
- bone mineral density (1)
- bone pathologies (1)
- bone–brain–nervous system interactions (1)
- brain lesions (1)
- break interventions (1)
- broadband and narrowband dimensions of behavior (1)
- calcaneal eversion (1)
- cancer (1)
- canoe racing (1)
- carcinoma (1)
- cardiac catheterization (CC) (1)
- cardiomyopathy (1)
- cardiorespiratory fitness (1)
- carryover effects (1)
- central and peripheral vision (1)
- change (1)
- change of direction (1)
- change-of-direction speed (1)
- chemo-toxicity (1)
- child (1)
- children and adolescents (1)
- cholesterol (1)
- cholinesterase inhibitors (1)
- chronic condition (1)
- chronic health condition (1)
- chronic kidney disease (1)
- clauses (1)
- climbing (1)
- clinical pain research (1)
- clinical study (1)
- coarticulation (1)
- cognition (1)
- cognitive bias (1)
- cognitive decline (1)
- cognitive linguistics (1)
- cognitive module (1)
- cognitive psychology (1)
- cognitive resources (1)
- cognitive training (1)
- cognitive-postural dual task (1)
- cognitive/muscular fatigue (1)
- color (1)
- common ground (1)
- compatibility effect (1)
- complaints (1)
- complementation (1)
- complex predicates (1)
- comprehension (1)
- computer aided dosage (1)
- computer games (1)
- concept analysis (1)
- conceptualisation (1)
- concurrent training (1)
- conditioning exercise (1)
- conditioning stimulus (1)
- conduction aphasia (1)
- confidence (1)
- connectivity (1)
- consultation (1)
- contractions (1)
- control rates (1)
- controlled trial (1)
- core (1)
- core strength (1)
- corpus dataset (1)
- corpus study (1)
- counting (1)
- creative problem solving (1)
- creativity (1)
- cross-domain priming (1)
- cross-lagged panel analysis (1)
- cross-modal generalisation (1)
- cruciate ligament injury (1)
- cyberbullying (1)
- cytochrome P450 17A1 (Cyp17A1) (1)
- decannulation protocol (1)
- deep learning (1)
- depressive disorder (1)
- derivation (1)
- development (1)
- developmental dyscalculia (1)
- developmental dyslexia (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- dietary quality (1)
- dilatational tracheostomy (1)
- dimensional overlap (1)
- disease severity (1)
- distress (1)
- distributed processing (1)
- divergent thinking (1)
- doping (1)
- dose-response relationship (1)
- drop jump (1)
- dual-task (1)
- dyslipidemia (1)
- dysphagia (1)
- early speech perception and later language performance (1)
- early sport specialization (1)
- eccentric-plyometric (1)
- elderly (1)
- elf-determination theory (1)
- embodiment (1)
- emerging adults (1)
- emotional intensity (1)
- emotional regulation (1)
- endocrine pathways (1)
- endoplasmic reticulum stress (1)
- entropy (1)
- episodic memory (1)
- ethnic stereotypes (1)
- evidence-based (1)
- executive function (1)
- executive functions (1)
- exercise capacity (1)
- exercise program (1)
- exercise stress test (1)
- exercise training (1)
- experimental data (1)
- expert system (1)
- external load (1)
- external training load (1)
- eyedness (1)
- eyes (1)
- family risk for SLI (1)
- feeling of presence (1)
- feet (1)
- fiction (1)
- figurative language (1)
- fitness tests (1)
- food neophilia (1)
- footedness (1)
- frailty (1)
- freedom restriction (1)
- frustration (1)
- function (1)
- functional performance (1)
- gait (1)
- gastrointestinal cancer (1)
- gender agreement (1)
- genetics (1)
- gestural organization (1)
- global positioning system (1)
- glomerular filtration rate (1)
- goal frames (1)
- granularity (1)
- hamstring injuries (1)
- hamstring muscles (1)
- hand (1)
- health care (1)
- healthy eating (1)
- heart (1)
- heart rate variability (1)
- hematocrit (1)
- hemispheric asymmetry (1)
- heuristics and biases (1)
- high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1)
- high-intensity interval training (1)
- high-intensity-interval training (1)
- hip (1)
- home-based (1)
- hopelessness (1)
- hormones (1)
- human performance (1)
- human physical conditioning (1)
- human-robot interaction (1)
- humans (1)
- hypertension (1)
- hypothesis (1)
- idiom (1)
- imaginary world (1)
- impact loading (1)
- impact on pre-activated Achilles tendon (1)
- implicit associations (1)
- implicit learning (1)
- in-group stereotypes (1)
- inclusive education (1)
- incorporation (1)
- incubation effect (1)
- indirect dependency (1)
- infection (1)
- inflammation (1)
- information integration (1)
- information structure (1)
- input frequency (1)
- interference (1)
- internalizing behavior (1)
- internet use (1)
- interoceptive sensibility (1)
- intervertebral disc (1)
- isometric eccentric force (1)
- joint Simon effect (1)
- jump height/power (1)
- jump performance (1)
- jump training (1)
- jumping (1)
- junge Erwachsene (1)
- kinematic boundary cues (1)
- kinematics (1)
- kinetics (1)
- knee osteoarthritis (1)
- knees (1)
- latency (1)
- laterality (1)
- leg extensors (1)
- lesion studies (1)
- lexicon size (1)
- life events (1)
- lifespan (1)
- limb overuse conditions (1)
- lingering misinterpretation (1)
- literacy acquisition (1)
- long distance wh-movement (1)
- long-term (1)
- longitudinal (1)
- longitudinal study (1)
- low density lipoprotein cholesterol (1)
- low-back-pain (1)
- lower-extremity kinematics (1)
- macroplanning (1)
- macrostructure (1)
- magnetoencephalography (1)
- magnitude estimation (1)
- major depression (1)
- matched time (1)
- material fatigue (1)
- mathematical precursor (1)
- maturity (1)
- maximal isometric torque (1)
- measurement (1)
- mechanical tendinous oscillations (1)
- medial longitudinal arch (1)
- medicine (1)
- memantine (1)
- memory (1)
- mental health (1)
- mental number line (1)
- mental number line (MNL) (1)
- meta-science (1)
- metaphor (1)
- methodological quality (1)
- methodology (1)
- methods (1)
- miRNAs (1)
- microstructure (1)
- mindfulness-based stress reduction (1)
- mitochondrial adaptation (1)
- modality (1)
- modality compatibility (1)
- morphological decomposition (1)
- morphological errors (1)
- motivation (1)
- motivational interviewing (1)
- motor control (1)
- motor development (1)
- motor resonance (1)
- motor skills (1)
- motor system (1)
- motor unit synchronization (1)
- movement (1)
- mozart effect (1)
- multilingualism (1)
- multimodal cardiac rehabilitation (1)
- muscle (1)
- muscle action (1)
- muscle activation (1)
- muscle coactivation (1)
- muscle fitness (1)
- muscle metabolism (1)
- muscle power (1)
- muscular activity (1)
- musculature (1)
- musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena (1)
- music cognition (1)
- music information retrieval (1)
- music perception (1)
- musicality (1)
- narrative (1)
- narrative skills (1)
- native dialects (1)
- negative expectation (1)
- neuroendocrine (1)
- neuromuscular pre-activation (1)
- neuroplasticity (1)
- newborns (1)
- non-adjacent dependencies (1)
- non-athletes (1)
- non-native dialects (1)
- non-native speech perception (1)
- number (1)
- number knowledge (1)
- numerical competence (1)
- oarsmen (1)
- object search (1)
- occupational prognosis (1)
- older adults (1)
- on-water performance (1)
- onlineharmful experiences (1)
- out-group stereotypes (1)
- outcome (1)
- outcome measures (1)
- overreaching (1)
- overtraining (1)
- overuse injuries (1)
- p38 MAPK (1)
- palliative care (1)
- parafoveal-on-foveal effects (1)
- paralinguistic features (1)
- passive stretching (1)
- patient-centered care (1)
- peak torque (1)
- pelvic alignment (1)
- perspective-taking (1)
- phenprocoumon (1)
- physical activity (1)
- physical conditioning human (1)
- physical fitness (1)
- physical fitness expertise (1)
- plasticity (1)
- plyometric exercise (1)
- plyometric training (1)
- plyometrics (1)
- postural balance (1)
- postural control (1)
- postural sway (1)
- power (1)
- power improvement (1)
- pre-activity (1)
- pre-school (1)
- prefixes (1)
- preschoolers (1)
- presupposition (1)
- prevalence information (1)
- primary school (1)
- privileged ground (1)
- proactive aggression (1)
- problem solving (1)
- processing (1)
- processing of auditory nonverbal stimuli (1)
- prognosis (1)
- prosodic boundary cues (1)
- prosody processing (1)
- prototype-willingness-model (1)
- psychiatry (1)
- psycho-oncology (1)
- psychoeducation (1)
- psychopathology (1)
- psychophysiological (1)
- psychosocial stress (1)
- psychotherapy process (1)
- public health (1)
- pupil diameter (1)
- quality (1)
- quality indicator (1)
- race time (1)
- randomized-controlled-trial (1)
- range of motion (1)
- rate of torque development (1)
- reactance (1)
- reactive aggression (1)
- recognition (1)
- recollection (1)
- referential coding (1)
- referring expression (1)
- registry (1)
- rehabilitation (1)
- rehabilitation outcome (1)
- relational aggression (1)
- relative clauses (1)
- reliability (1)
- replication (1)
- representation learning (1)
- requirements (1)
- respiration (1)
- response inhibition (1)
- response styles theory (1)
- responses (1)
- return to work (1)
- return-to-sport (1)
- reward anticipation (1)
- rheumatic diseases (1)
- rhythm perception (1)
- rhythmic discrimination (1)
- rhythmic grouping (1)
- risk (1)
- risk factor (1)
- risk factors (1)
- risk of bias (1)
- risk-factors (1)
- role-play (1)
- rotation (1)
- rule learning (1)
- rumination (1)
- runners (1)
- running (1)
- sAA (1)
- sACC (1)
- salivary alpha-amylase (1)
- scene memorization (1)
- scene viewing (1)
- schedule (1)
- scholastic demands (1)
- school learning (1)
- school mathematics (1)
- self threat (1)
- self-control (1)
- self-paced reading (1)
- sensitivity (1)
- sensory input (1)
- sentence processing (1)
- sentence production (1)
- sequential attention shifts (1)
- serial reaction time (SRT) task (1)
- sex-differences (1)
- sharenting (1)
- shoulder girdle (1)
- skeletal joints (1)
- skills (1)
- skipping costs/benefits (1)
- social inclusion (1)
- social reactivity (1)
- sociometric neglect (1)
- sociometric status (1)
- solid tumor (1)
- sonography (1)
- spatial frequencies (1)
- spatial frequency (SF) (1)
- spatial response coding (1)
- spatial-numerical associations (1)
- special educational needs (1)
- specific developmental disorder (1)
- specificity (1)
- speech kinematics (1)
- speech motor control (1)
- speech pathology (1)
- speech production (1)
- speech segmentation (1)
- spelling (1)
- sprinting (1)
- stability (1)
- standardized patient (1)
- standardized patient information (1)
- standards (1)
- standing position (1)
- static/dynamic postural control (1)
- stoma button (1)
- strength measurement system (1)
- stress intervention (1)
- stress management (1)
- stretch-shortening cycle (1)
- striking combat sports (1)
- study designs (1)
- study protocol (1)
- subtraction (1)
- success (1)
- surprisal (1)
- symptoms (1)
- syntax (1)
- synthesized voice (1)
- systematic (1)
- systematic review (1)
- systems (1)
- tVNS (1)
- taekwondo electronic scoring system (1)
- taekwondo-specific testing (1)
- talent (1)
- task (1)
- task difficulty (1)
- tasks (1)
- team handball (1)
- team sport (1)
- telerehabilitation (1)
- temporal frequency (1)
- text-to-speech (1)
- therapist competence (1)
- therapy volume (1)
- theta (1)
- time (1)
- time-efficient exercise (1)
- total hip replacement (1)
- total knee replacement (1)
- training adaptation (1)
- training intensity (1)
- training-program (1)
- transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (1)
- transfer (1)
- transformation (1)
- treatment integrity (1)
- triglycerides (1)
- trunk (1)
- ultrasound imaging (1)
- uncanny valley (1)
- validity (1)
- variability (1)
- verb-phrase ellipsis (1)
- virtual reality (1)
- virus (1)
- virus infection (1)
- vowels (1)
- warfarin (1)
- web-based (1)
- weight loss (1)
- weightlifting (1)
- well-being (1)
- wellbeing (1)
- wh-scope marker (1)
- women (1)
- word order (1)
- words (1)
- work capacity (1)
- yellow flags (1)
- young adults (1)
- youth football (1)
- youth sport (1)
- youth sports (1)
Institute
- Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften (221) (remove)
Objective: We investigated the effects of combined balance and strength training on measures of balance and muscle strength in older women with a history of falls.
Methods: Twenty-seven older women aged 70.4 ± 4.1 years (age range: 65 to 75 years) were randomly allocated to either an intervention (IG, n = 12) or an active control (CG, n = 15) group. The IG completed 8 weeks combined balance and strength training program with three sessions per week including visual biofeedback using force plates. The CG received physical therapy and gait training at a rehabilitation center. Training volumes were similar between the groups. Pre and post training, tests were applied for the assessment of muscle strength (weight-bearing squat [WBS] by measuring the percentage of body mass borne by each leg at different knee flexions [0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°], sit-to-stand test [STS]), and balance. Balance tests used the modified clinical test of sensory interaction (mCTSIB) with eyes closed (EC) and opened (EO), on stable (firm) and unstable (foam) surfaces as well as spatial parameters of gait such as step width and length (cm) and walking speed (cm/s).
Results: Significant group × time interactions were found for different degrees of knee flexion during WBS (0.0001 < p < 0.013, 0.441 < d < 0.762). Post hoc tests revealed significant pre-to-post improvements for both legs and for all degrees of flexion (0.0001 < p < 0.002, 0.697 < d < 1.875) for IG compared to CG. Significant group × time interactions were found for firm EO, foam EO, firm EC, and foam EC (0.006 < p < 0.029; 0.302 < d < 0.518). Post hoc tests showed significant pre-to-post improvements for both legs and for all degrees of oscillations (0.0001 < p < 0.004, 0.753 < d < 2.097) for IG compared to CG. This study indicates that combined balance and strength training improved percentage distribution of body weight between legs at different conditions of knee flexion (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°) and also decreased the sway oscillation on a firm surface with eyes closed, and on foam surface (with eyes opened or closed) in the IG.
Conclusion: The higher positive effects of training seen in standing balance tests, compared with dynamic tests, suggests that balance training exercises including lateral, forward, and backward exercises improved static balance to a greater extent in older women.