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It has recently been demonstrated that the presentation of a rare target in a visual oddball paradigm induces a prolonged inhibition of microsaccades. In the field of electrophysiology, the amplitude of the P300 component in event-related potentials (ERP) has been shown to be sensitive to the stimulus category (target vs. non target) of the eliciting stimulus, its overall probability, and the preceding stimulus sequence. In the present study we further specify the functional underpinnings of the prolonged microsaccadic inhibition in the visual oddball task, showing that the stimulus category, the frequency of a stimulus and the preceding stimulus sequence influence microsaccade rate. Furthermore, by co-recording ERPs and eye-movements, we were able to demonstrate that, despite being largely sensitive to the same experimental manipulation, the amplitude of P300 and the microsaccadic inhibition predict each other very weakly, and thus constitute two independent measures of the brain’s response to rare targets in the visual oddball paradigm.
This article investigates the fictional narratives written by „Sub-commandante Marcos“ of the Zapatista movement EZLN. It is shown that Marcos uses three distinct frames of reference in his fictional account of the Zapatista guerrilla: an ethnic, a national and a post-national one. Contrary to other studies that emphasize the harmony between the three levels, it can be argued that there exists a fundamental tension between them. There is a tension between the ethnic discourse and the Mexican nationalist discourse which envisions a nation rather than a nation dominated by a single ethno-cultural group. Finally, it can be deduced from these tensions that the EZLN guerrilla is subject to divergent pressures.
The process of introducing compulsory ICT education at primary school level in the Czech Republic should be completed next year. Programming and Information, two topics from the basics of computer science have been included in a new textbook. The question is whether the new chapters of the textbook are comprehensible for primary school teachers, who have undergone no training in computer science. The paper reports on a pilot verification project in which pre-service primary school teachers were trained to teach these informatics topics.
In den theoretischen Grundlagen moderner Verfassungsstaaten wird Angst als zentrale politische Größe ausgewiesen. In der Hobbesschen Ursprungsmythologie moderner Staatlichkeit spielt sie eine entscheidende Rolle für die Staatskonstituierung. Aufgrund ihrer Staatszentriertheit bietet die Vertragstheorie allerdings kein hinreichendes Erklärungspotential für die transnationale terroristische Strategie der Angst. Der Angstpolitik des Terrorismus steht aber auch eine Nutzbarmachung der Angst durch Regierungen bedrohter Staaten gegenüber.
This chapter deals with the problem that theories of peace building, conflict resolution and reconciliation were predominately created in the West and, therefore, do not necessarily fit the understanding of peace, conflict, and resolution in non-Western societies and cultures. Within these societies, the acceptance of suffering may also be higher, which leads to different priorities of conflict resolution approaches. Furthermore, this chapter deals with the question of whether the current understanding of wars and the nature of conflict change the basis of established conflict theories. These theoretical approaches are then applied in Sierra Leone as a non-Western negotiation scenario.
Rezensiertes Werk: Hohn, Uta: Stadtplanung in Japan : Geschichte, Recht, Praxis, Theorie / Uta Hohn. - Dortmund : Dortmunder Vertrieb für Bau- und Planungslit., 2000. - 616 S. : Abb., Risse, Pl., Tab., graph. Darst. Zugl.: Duisburg, Univ., Habil.-Schr., 1998 u.d.T.: Stadtplanung, Stadterneuerung und Stadtumbau in Japan ISBN 3-929797-67-4
We present the results of Monte Carlo mass-loss predictions for massive stars covering a wide range of stellar parameters. We critically test our predictions against a range of observed massloss rates – in light of the recent discussions on wind clumping. We also present a model to compute the clumping-induced polarimetric variability of hot stars and we compare this with observations of Luminous Blue Variables, for which polarimetric variability is larger than for O and Wolf-Rayet stars. Luminous Blue Variables comprise an ideal testbed for studies of wind clumping and wind geometry, as well as for wind strength calculations, and we propose they may be direct supernova progenitors.
Reflexion im Dialog
(2023)
Fast 40 Jahre nach dem Erscheinen von Donald Schöns Buch „The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think In Action“ (1984) ist das Konzept der „reflexiven Kompetenz“ immer noch hochaktuell und wird daher in akademischen Kreisen weiterhin intensiv diskutiert. Der Artikel greift die Diskussionen zu diesem Thema im Bereich der Fremdsprachenlehrkräftebildung auf und unterstreicht sie mit Beispielen aus der universitären Aus- und Fortbildungspraxis für Deutsch als Fremd- und Zweitsprache in Brasilien und Deutschland. Auffällig ist dabei, dass es sowohl bei den Fragestellungen als auch bei den Maßnahmen und Instrumenten zahlreiche Überschneidungen gibt. Reflexion als Ziel in der Lehrkräftebildung kann somit als übergreifendes Thema wahrgenommen und weiterentwickelt werden.
Einerseits führt in Entwicklungsländern die Privatisierung von Wasserbetrieben zu Kostensenkungen. Andererseits verändert sie bisherige Möglichkeiten der Teilnahme. Diese wiederspruchsvollen Entwicklungen diskutiert die Autorin an Beispielen aus Südamerika und Südafrika. Künftige Privatisierungen im Bereich Wasser sollten dauerhafte Formen der Mitwirkung ermöglichen.
Rezensiertes Werk: Heß, Martin: Glokalisierung, industrieller Wandel und Standortstruktur : das Beispiel der EU-Schienenfahrzeugindustrie / Martin Heß. - München : VVF, 1998. - XIV, 203 S. : graph. Darst., Kt. + Kt.-Beil. - (Wirtschaft & Raum ; 2) Zugl.: München, Univ., Diss., 1998 ISBN 3-89481-335-0 (Pb.)
Inhalt: 1 Die öffentliche Diskussion: Blinde Flecken und „offene Selektivität“ 2 Die wissenschaftliche Übersetzung des Konzepts in Politikberatung 3 Nachhaltiger Umgang mit Natur – ein Problem technisch-ökonomischerInstrumente? 3.1 Natur als landschaftsökologisches System 3.2 Systemforschung – der „totale Zugriff“ 3.3 Naturraumpotenziale – unbestimmt bestimmte Bewertung von Natur 3.4 Ökonomische Naturbewertung – die „rohe Sprache des Geldes“ 3.5 Fazit 1: Leitplanken für eine ökologische Modernisierung derkapitalistischen Produktionsweise 4 Nachhaltiger Umgang mit Natur – eine Frage von Sinn und Moral? 4.1 Umweltgerechtes Verhalten – Natur als moralische Instanz 4.2 Wissenschaft – zukunftsfähig durch ein „neues Denken“? 4.3 Fazit 2: Leitbilder für einen ökologisch modernisierten Menschen 5 Abschließendes
Seit 2016 wird ePortfolioarbeit an der Universität Vechta im Rahmen der vom BMBF geförderten Qualitätsoffensive Lehrerbildung (QLB) Projekte (BRIDGES I und II) mit einem eigens dafür entwickelten digitalen Tool konzeptioniert, implementiert und formativ evaluiert. Über entsprechende Aufgabenstellungen wird dabei studiumsbegleitend und insbesondere in Praxisphasen auf die Anregung von Reflexivität, die als grundlegende Schlüsselkompetenz pädagogischer Professionalität verstanden wird, fokussiert. Im Beitrag werden die Konzeptionierung und Implementierung digitaler Portfolioarbeit inkl. Anlassbeispielen zur Anregung von Reflexion in der Lehrkräftebildung vorgestellt. Zudem werden Chancen und Grenzen der Reflexionsanregung unter Zuhilfenahme eines digitalen Portfolios diskutiert. Dabei unterstützt auch die Betrachtung von Gelingensbedingungen für digitale Reflexionsanregung.
The factors that determine the efficiency of energy transfer in aquatic food webs have been investigated for many decades. The plant-animal interface is the most variable and least predictable of all levels in the food web. In order to study determinants of food quality in a large lake and to test the recently proposed central importance of the long-chained eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at the pelagic producer-grazer interface, we tested the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at the pelagic producerconsumer interface by correlating sestonic food parameters with somatic growth rates of a clone of Daphnia galeata. Daphnia growth rates were obtained from standardized laboratory experiments spanning one season with Daphnia feeding on natural seston from Lake Constance, a large pre-alpine lake. Somatic growth rates were fitted to sestonic parameters by using a saturation function. A moderate amount of variation was explained when the model included the elemental parameters carbon (r2 = 0.6) and nitrogen (r2 = 0.71). A tighter fit was obtained when sestonic phosphorus was incorporated (r2 = 0.86). The nonlinear regression with EPA was relatively weak (r2 = 0.77), whereas the highest degree of variance was explained by three C18-PUFAs. The best (r2 = 0.95), and only significant, correlation of Daphnia's growth was found with the C18-PUFA α-linolenic acid (α-LA; C18:3n-3). This correlation was weakest in late August when C:P values increased to 300, suggesting that mineral and PUFA-limitation of Daphnia's growth changed seasonally. Sestonic phosphorus and some PUFAs showed not only tight correlations with growth, but also with sestonic α-LA content. We computed Monte Carlo simulations to test whether the observed effects of α-LA on growth could be accounted for by EPA, phosphorus, or one of the two C18-PUFAs, stearidonic acid (C18:4n-3) and linoleic acid (C18:2n-6). With >99 % probability, the correlation of growth with α-LA could not be explained by any of these parameters. In order to test for EPA limitation of Daphnia's growth, in parallel with experiments on pure seston, growth was determined on seston supplemented with chemostat-grown, P-limited Stephanodiscus hantzschii, which is rich in EPA. Although supplementation increased the EPA content 80-800x, no significant changes in the nonlinear regression of the growth rates with α-LA were found, indicating that growth of Daphnia on pure seston was not EPA limited. This indicates that the two fatty acids, EPA and α-LA, were not mutually substitutable biochemical resources and points to different physiological functions of these two PUFAs. These results support the PUFA-limitation hypothesis for sestonic C:P < 300 but are contrary to the hypothesis of a general importance of EPA, since no evidence for EPA limitation was found. It is suggested that the resource ratios of EPA and α-LA rather than the absolute concentrations determine which of the two resources is limiting growth.
Significant seasonal variation in size at settlement has been observed in newly settled larvae of Dreissena polymorpha in Lake Constance. Diet quality, which varies temporally and spatially in freshwater habitats, has been suggested as a significant factor influencing life history and development of freshwater invertebrates. Accordingly, experiments were conducted with field-collected larvae to test the hypothesis that diet quality can determine planktonic larval growth rates, size at settlement and subsequent post-metamorphic growth rates. Larvae were fed one of two diets or starved. One diet was composed of cyanobacterial cells which are deficient in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and the other was a mixed diet rich in PUFAs. Freshly metamorphosed animals from the starvation treatment had a carbon content per individual 70% lower than that of larvae fed the mixed diet. This apparent exhaustion of larval internal reserves resulted in a 50% reduction of the postmetamorphic growth rates. Growth was also reduced in animals previously fed the cyanobacterial diet. Hence, low food quantity or low food quality during the larval stage of D. polymorpha lead to irreversible effects for postmetamorphic animals, and is related to inferior competitive abilities.
Unity in diversity
(2005)
This paper describes the creation and preparation of TUSNELDA, a collection of corpus data built for linguistic research. This collection contains a number of linguistically annotated corpora which differ in various aspects such as language, text sorts / data types, encoded annotation levels, and linguistic theories underlying the annotation. The paper focuses on this variation on the one hand and the way how these heterogeneous data are integrated into one resource on the other hand.
Auszug: Aphasien sind variable Sprachstörungen, die auf umschriebene Hirnläsionen zurückführbar sind und die Produktion und Verständnis separat oder kombiniert betreffen (Weniger 2003). Hierbei wird das klinische Syndrom oft mit der Lokalisation der morphologischen Gehirndefekte (z. B. durch Hirn-infarkte oder -blutungen oder Tumoren) korreliert. Sprachkompetenz gilt in erster Linie als eine Leistung des Kortex, jedoch wurden v. a. im Zuge sich verbessernder bildgebender Verfahren aphasische Syndrome auch nach Läsionen subkortikaler Hirnregionen, insbesondere der Basalganglien und des Thalamus nachgewiesen (Wallesch & Papagno 1988; Friston et al. 1993; Nadeau & Crosson 1997; Zoppelt & Daum 2003; DeWitte et al. 2006; Wahl in Druck). Diese Strukturen liegen in der Tiefe des Gehirns und kommunizieren über weit gefächerte Faserverbindungen mit dem Kortex. In erster Linie werden den Basalganglien senso-motorische Kontrollfunktionen zugewiesen (Alexander et al. 1986). Diverse Erkrankungen, die durch Störungen physiologischer Bewegungsabläufe gekennzeichnet sind (z. B. Morbus Parkinson, Chorea Huntington), werden auf Funktionsdefekte dieser Strukturen zurückgeführt. Hierbei wurde der Thalamus häufig als Relais-Station des Informationsaustauschs zwischen anatomisch entfernten Arealen des Nervensystems aufgefasst. Basalganglien und Thalamus jedoch können darüber hinausgehende Funktionen, z. B. zur Bereitstellung, Aufrechterhaltung und Auslenkung von Aufmerksamkeit bei der Bearbeitung kognitiver Aufgaben, zugesprochen werden (Cavedini et al. 2006; Piguet et al. 2006; Klostermann et al. 2006; Marzinzik et al. 2008). [...]
In this article, Immanuel Wallerstein tries to anticipate the evolution of world conflicts and structures over the next decades. In his analysis, he identifies three main cleavages which structure future global conflicts: the triadic cleavage between the United States, Europe and Japan, who compete economically; the North-South cleavage between core zones and the periphery of the world economy; and, finally, the cleavage between what he calls the "Spirit of Davos" and the "Spirit of Porto Alegre" as a conflict between alternative images of the future world order. The structure and the dynamics of each cleavage are analysed and their evolution over the next decades is anticipated.
There is sufficient evidence of integration processes in the Asia-Pacific rim. But these processes differ profoundly from the European case. On the other hand integration theory up to the present day has been based mainly on the European evidence. Does this mean, that conventional integration theory is irrelevant in the case of the Asia-Pacific development? This contributuion tries to re-examine the theoretical capacity of various approaches (institionalism, functionalism, regionalism, flying geese pattern, regime-theory) when applied to the realities of transnational interaction and international organization in the Asia-Pacific rim.
INTEGRAL tripled the number of super-giant high-mass X-ray binaries (sgHMXB) known in the Galaxy by revealing absorbed and fast transient (SFXT) systems. Quantitative constraints on the wind clumping of massive stars can be obtained from the study of the hard X-ray variability of SFXT. A large fraction of the hard X-ray emission is emitted in the form of flares with a typical duration of 3 ksec, frequency of 7 days and luminosity of $10^{36}$ erg/s. Such flares are most probably emitted by the interaction of a compact object orbiting at $\sim10~R_*$ with wind clumps ($10^{22 ... 23}$ g) representing a large fraction of the stellar mass-loss rate. The density ratio between the clumps and the inter-clump medium is $10^{2 ... 4}$. The parameters of the clumps and of the inter-clump medium, derived from the SFXT flaring behavior, are in good agreement with macro-clumping scenario and line-driven instability simulations. SFXT are likely to have larger orbital radius than classical sgHMXB.
Jacob Brandon Maduro’s Memoirs and Related Observations (Havana, 1953) speak to the lasting yet malleable legacy of Jewish Caribbean/Atlantic mercantile communities that defined early modern settlement in the Americas. A close reading of the Memoirs, alongside relevant archival records and community narratives, lends new perspectives to scholarship on Port Jewries and the Atlantic Diaspora. Specifically concerned with Jacob’s adoption of such leading intellectual and political tropes as the Monroe doctrine, José Martí’s Nuestra America, and a Zionism that evolved from an ideology to a reality, the Memoirs reveal a narrative at once defined by the tremendous upheavals of the first half of the 20th century, and an enduring sense of Jewish diasporic peoplehood defined through a Port Jew paradigm whereby the preservation of Jewish ethnicity is understood as synonymous with the championing of modernity.
During the National Multiplication Training in Kenya in 2018, participants raised concerns about attrition, completion rates and quality of PhD programmes in Kenya’s public universities. This led the authors of this article to further examine the question of PhD completion rates. Available data underlined that PhD students across various disciplines in Kenya’s public universities take unnecessarily long to complete their studies due to a myriad of factors that are related to their supervisors, university guidelines for post-graduate studies, or the students themselves. This article examines inertia areas along the PhD training pathway at three public universities in Kenya and provides suggestions on structural and operational changes universities must make to shorten completion periods.
The site of confluence of the artery and the portal vein in the liver still appears to be controversial. Anatomical studies suggested a presinusoidal or an intrasinusoidal confluence in the first, second or even final third of the sinusoids. The objective of this investigation was to study the problem with functional biochemical techniques. Rat livers were perfused through the hepatic artery and simultaneously either in the orthograde direction from the portal vein to the hepatic vein or in the retrograde direction from the hepatic vein to the portal vein. Arterial how was linearly dependent on arterial pressure between 70 cm H2O and 120 cm H2O at a constant portal or hepatovenous pressure of 18 cm H2O. An arterial pressure of 100 cm H2O was required for the maintenance of a homogeneous orthograde perfusion of the whole parenchyma and of a physiologic ratio of arterial to portal how of about 1:3. Glucagon was infused either through the artery or the portal vein and hepatic vein, respectively, to a submaximally effective ''calculated'' sinusoidal concentration after mixing of 0.1 nmol/L. During orthograde perfusions, arterial and portal glucagon caused the same increases in glucose output. Yet during retrograde perfusions, hepatovenous glucagon elicited metabolic alterations equal to those in orthograde perfusions, whereas arterial glucagon effected changes strongly reduced to between 10% and 50%. Arterially infused trypan blue was distributed homogeneously in the parenchyma during orthograde perfusions, whereas it reached clearly smaller areas of parenchyma during retrograde perfusions. Finally, arterially applied acridine orange was taken up by all periportal hepatocytes in the proximal half of the acinus during orthograde perfusions but only by a much smaller portion of periportal cells in the proximal third of the acinus during retrograde perfusions. These findings suggest that in rat liver, the hepatic artery and the portal vein mix before and within the first third of the sinusoids, rather than in the middle or even last third.
Barrierefreiheit kann durch Methoden der Informatik hergestellt und ausgebaut werden. Dieser eingeladene Beitrag stellt die Anforderungen von Menschen mit den umfangreichsten Benutzererfordernissen an Software vor, die z. B. eigene Schriftsysteme wie Braille und entsprechende taktile Ausgabegeräte verwenden. Assistive Technologien umfassen dabei auch Software verschiedenster Art. Es werden die wichtigsten Kompetenzen dafür vorgestellt. Im Curriculum der Informatik können diese Kompetenzen im Rahmen von speziellen Vorlesungen und Übungen vermittelt werden oder sie werden in die jeweiligen Fachgebiete integriert. Um den Studienbetrieb ebenfalls barrierefrei zu gestalten, sind weitere Anstrengungen notwendig, die Lehrende, Verwaltung und die Hochschulleitung einbeziehen.
Die Präsentation gibt zuerst einen Überblick über mögliche Parameter für die Wasserhaushaltsmodellierung, die aus Fernerkundungs(FE)-daten generell abgeleitet werden können. Bei der Beschreibung der Ableitungsverfahren dieser Parameter aus (FE)-Daten wird auf die Landnutzung, Vegetationsindices und die reale Evapotranspiration (ETr) fokussiert. Die Verfahren zur Bestimmung der ETr aus optischen FE-Daten lassen grob wie folgt gliedern : • Direkte Ableitung der Evapotranspiration aus radiometrisch bestimmten Oberflächen-temperaturen • Ableitung von Modellinputdaten wie z.B. Globalstrahlung, Albedo, Blattflächeniondex LAI und NDVI aus FE-Daten zur Anwendung von SoilVegetation-AtmosphereTransfer- und Energiebilanzmodellen wie z.B. SEBAL (Bastiaansen et al . 1998) • Kombinierte Anwendung verschiedenster Sensoren wie SAR-ERS1, LANDSAT-TM, NOAA-AHVRR mit SVAT-Modellen und hydrologischen Einzugsgebietsmodellen Die Validierung dieser Methoden wurde in verschiedenen Messkampagnen wie z.B. Lo-trex10E-HIBE, FIFE oder HAPEX-Sahel durchgeführt. Dabei wurde die aus dem entspre-chenden Sensor abgeleitete ETr mit gemessenen ETr-Raten von Ankerstationen innerhalb eines definierten Gebietes verglichen. Diese Ankerstationen leiteten die ETr aus Profil-, Ed-dy-Flux-, oder Szintillometermessungen ab. Durchgängige längere Zeitreihen der ETr sind nur mit FE-Daten mit hoher Wiederholungsrate wie z.B. NOAA-AVHRR, MODIS hoher Zeitauflösung möglich Mit Landsat-TM z.B. ergeben sich dagegen nur „Snap Shots“ der ETr von einzelnen Tagen. Daher wurden oftmals Multisensorverfahren d.h. Kombination von z.B. Landsat-TM mit NOAA-AVHRR eingesetzt oder die FE-Daten nur für die Erhebung zeitin-varianter Eingangsdaten (z.B. Landnutzung) und zur raumbezogenen Validierung der ETr-Berechnungen von hydrologischen Modellen verwendet. Im zweiten Teil des Vortrags wird ein Anwendungsbeispiel für den Versuch einer räumliche Validierung eines Wasserhaus-haltsmodells über NDVI-ETr-Datenprodukte aus Landsat-TM5-Daten für das Stobbergebiet. Ein weiteres Anwendungsbeispiel für die Einbindung von Landnutzungsdatenprodukten aus Landsat-TM5-Daten in die Wasserhaushaltmodellierung für das Ucker-Einzugsgebiet schliesst den Vortrag ab. <hr> Dokument 1: Foliensatz | Dokument 2: Abstract <hr> Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Musterdynamik und Angewandte Fernerkundung Workshop vom 9. - 10. Februar 2006
Peer-Reviews werden seit geraumer Zeit in unterschiedlichen Lehrszenarien eingesetzt. In diesem Paper wird untersucht, inwieweit das Peer- Review die Auseinandersetzung mit den Inhalten eines Grundlagenmoduls in einem präsenzfreien Lehrszenario befördern kann. Dabei scheint in den Ergebnissen die Qualität der selbst erstellten Reviews einer der wichtigsten Einflussfaktoren für den Lernerfolg zu sein, während Experten-Feedback und weitere Faktoren deutlich untergeordnet erscheinen. Die Fähigkeit ausführliche Peer-Reviews zu verfassen geht einher mit dem Erwerb von fachlicher Kompetenz bzw. entsprechenden fachlichen Vorkenntnissen.
Mothers of Seafaring
(2023)
The article aims to trace the contribution of Jewish women in the Yishuv’s maritime history. Taking the example of Henrietta Diamond, a founding member and chairperson of the Zebulun Seafaring Society, the article seeks to explore the representation and role of women in a growing Jewish maritime domain from the 1930s to the 1950s. It examines Zionist narratives on the ‘New Jew’ and the Jewish body and studies their relevance for the emerging field of maritime activities in the Yishuv. By contextualizing the work and depiction of Henrietta Diamond, the article sheds new light on the gendered notions that underlay the emergence of the Jewish maritime domain and illustrates the patterns of inclusion and exclusion in it.
The most massive stars are those with the shortest but most active life. One group of massive stars, the Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs), of which only a few objects are known, are in particular of interest concerning the stability of stars. They have a high mass loss rate and are close to being instable. This is even more likely as rotation becomes an important factor in stellar evolution of these stars. Through massive stellar winds and sometimes giant eruptions, LBV nebulae are formed. Various aspects in the evolution in the LBV phase lead, beside the large scale morphological and kinematical differences, to a diversity of small structures like clumps, rims, and outflows in these nebulae.
Informatics as a school subject has been virtually absent from bilingual education programs in German secondary schools. Most bilingual programs in German secondary education started out by focusing on subjects from the field of social sciences. Teachers and bilingual curriculum experts alike have been regarding those as the most suitable subjects for bilingual instruction – largely due to the intercultural perspective that a bilingual approach provides. And though one cannot deny the gain that ensues from an intercultural perspective on subjects such as history or geography, this benefit is certainly not limited to social science subjects. In consequence, bilingual curriculum designers have already begun to include other subjects such as physics or chemistry in bilingual school programs. It only seems a small step to extend this to informatics. This paper will start out by addressing potential benefits of adding informatics to the range of subjects taught as part of English-language bilingual programs in German secondary education. In a second step it will sketch out a methodological (= didactical) model for teaching informatics to German learners through English. It will then provide two items of hands-on and tested teaching material in accordance with this model. The discussion will conclude with a brief outlook on the chances and prerequisites of firmly establishing informatics as part of bilingual school curricula in Germany.
Obwohl der Reflexion von Unterricht eine zentrale Bedeutung für Lehrkräfte zukommt, ist die Reflexionsfähigkeit von Lehramtsstudierenden oftmals nur gering ausgeprägt und wird auch in Praxisphasen nicht automatisch weiterentwickelt. Es besteht also bereits im Studium ein Bedarf, die Studierenden bei der Entwicklung dieser Fähigkeit zu unterstützen. Hier soll die nachfolgend vorgestellte Lernumgebung ansetzen und eine systematische Erfassung, Rückmeldung und Förderung der Reflexionsfähigkeit ermöglichen. Die Lernumgebung ist für das Lehramtsstudium im Fach Physik entwickelt und besteht aus einem Diagnoseinstrument mit daran anschließendem Assessment-Feedback und Fördermaterial. Erste Untersuchungen zur Validität zeigen, dass die Studierenden während der Bearbeitung des Diagnoseinstruments inhaltlich relevante Überlegungen anstellen sowie das erhaltene Assessment-Feedback inhaltlich sinnvoll interpretieren und auch dem Fördermaterial einen Mehrwert für ihre Professionalisierung zusprechen.
Silent Hill 2
(2020)
Inhalt: 1 Geographie und Globalisierung 2 Sozialwissenschaftliche Geographie 3 Tradition, Spät-Moderne und die wissenschaftliche Geographie 4 Allgemeine Ziele der sozialwissenschaftlichen Geographie 5 Alltägliche Geographien und alltägliche Regionalisierungen 6 Geographien der Produktion und Konsumtion 7 Geographien normativer Aneignung und Kontrolle 8 Geographien der Information und symbolischer Aneignung Schluß
The spectral efficiency of blackness induction was measured in three normal trichromatic observers and in one deuteranomalous observer. The psychophysical task was to adjust the radiance of a monochromatic 60–120′ annulus until a 45′ central broadband field just turned black and its contour became indiscriminable from a dark surrounding gap that separated it from the annulus. The reciprocal of the radiance required to induce blackness with annulus wavelengths between 420 and 680 nm was used to define a spectral-efficiency function for the blackness component of the achromatic process. For each observer, the shape of this blackness-sensitivity function agreed with the spectral-efficiency function based on heterochromatic flicker photometry when measured with the same 60–120′ annulus. Both of these functions matched the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage Vλ function except at short wavelengths. Ancillary measurements showed that the latter difference in sensitivity can be ascribed to nonuniformities of preretinal absorption, since the annular field excluded the central 60′ of the fovea. Thus our evidence indicates that, at least to a good first approximation, induced blackness is inversely related to the spectral-luminosity function. These findings are consistent with a model that separates the achromatic and the chromatic pathways.
The optical density of human macular pigment was measured for 50 observers ranging in age from 10 to 90 years. The psychophysical method required adjusting the radiance of a 1°, monochromatic light (400–550 nm) to minimize flicker (15 Hz) when presented in counterphase with a 460 nm standard. This test stimulus was presented superimposed on a broad-band, short-wave background. Macular pigment density was determined by comparing sensitivity under these conditions for the fovea, where macular pigment is maximal, and 5° temporally. This difference spectrum, measured for 12 observers, matched Wyszecki and Stiles's standard density spectrum for macular pigment. To study variation in macular pigment density for a larger group of observers, measurements were made at only selected spectral points (460, 500 and 550 nm). The mean optical density at 460 nm for the complete sample of 50 subjects was 0.39. Substantial individual differences in density were found (ca. 0.10–0.80), but this variation was not systematically related to age.
Grand Theft Auto V
(2020)
Aus Warschauer Perspektive
(2006)
Politische Loyalität und Sprachwahl : eine Fallstudie aus dem Flandern des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts
(2005)
Based on the discussion on Germany´s new 'central location', the author tries to sketch Germany´s geopolitical position in view of the constellation of powers in Europe from a national point of view. This favourable position offers a great chance for the country to play an active role in Europe’s integration. However, German historical heritage as well as the delicate relationship of Germany´s political elite to the use of power are reasons for the country´s hesitation to fulfill her neighbours’ and her allies’ expectations. Anyhow, Summaries 192 rooted in the West-European and transatlantic integration is Germany the natural dooropener for its Eastern, South-Eastern and Baltic neighbours to become 'members of the club'. )</a> Jahresabo: 40,00 € (ermäßigt: 25,00 €)
Inhalt: 1 Einleitung 2 Methodologische Überlegungen 3 Das Ende der montanindustriellen Hegemonie 4 Strukturpolitik im post-montanindustriellen Ruhrgebiet 4.1 Akteure und Interessen 4.2 Strukturpolitische Konzepte 4.3 Umsetzungsprobleme und nicht-intendierte Folgen 5 Zusammenfassung und Schlussfolgerungen
Multiple hierarchies
(2005)
In this paper, we present the Multiple Annotation approach, which solves two problems: the problem of annotating overlapping structures, and the problem that occurs when documents should be annotated according to different, possibly heterogeneous tag sets. This approach has many advantages: it is based on XML, the modeling of alternative annotations is possible, each level can be viewed separately, and new levels can be added at any time. The files can be regarded as an interrelated unit, with the text serving as the implicit link. Two representations of the information contained in the multiple files (one in Prolog and one in XML) are described. These representations serve as a base for several applications.
Germany gained its unity, but the restoration of virtual national cohesion presents itself as a lasting problem. The rebuilding of common national identity forms one complex aspect. Particular West and East German political, social and cultural features still exist. The East Germans brought elements of a peculiar identity into the unity; as a repercussion of some setbacks in their position and of some actual inter-German distinctions, their peculiarities are not yet in retreat. They prolong their role as conventional feelings, in temporary behaviours as an answer to their actual stance, and to a certain extent also with traits staged and suggested by entrenched media interpretations about the presently hampered inter-German evolution.
The transition and transformation within the three countries dealt with are still in process. In her essay, the author analyses whether there is a need for Poland to re-define its relationship to Germany and Russia, whilst searching for a new identity and a new place within Europe. She argues that there is a set of historical and geopolitical reasons for doing so. But whilst the Polish aim is to normalise its relationship to its neighbours, the perception of Russians and Germans in Poland is rather different. On the one hand, in the Polish people opinion, Germany is the main promoter of their European institutional integration wishes. On the other, relatively aggressive attitude towards Russia can also be identified. The essay is a strong plea for mutual responsibility and co-operation in favour of peace and security in Europe. Additionally Russia is to be regarded as part of European history, and should thus be involved in the European political process.
We analyze anaphoric phenomena in the context of building an input understanding component for a conversational system for tutoring mathematics. In this paper, we report the results of data analysis of two sets of corpora of dialogs on mathematical theorem proving. We exemplify anaphoric phenomena, identify factors relevant to anaphora resolution in our domain and extensions to the input interpretation component to support it.
Zur Nahrungswahl der Schleiereule (Tyto alba guttata) im Landkreis Potsdam-Mittelmark (Brandenburg)
(1998)
Seit John Dewey und Donald Schön besteht weitgehender Konsens, dass Reflexivität eine wichtige Kompetenz von Lehrkräften darstellt und die Reflexion in den Unterrichtsalltag einer Lehrkraft integriert sein sollte. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Reflexion, wenn sie absichtsvoll und zielgerichtet eingesetzt wird, die berufliche Entwicklung einer Lehrkraft positiv beeinflussen kann. Überzeugungen, Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen können durch die Reflexion bewusster wahrgenommen und verändert werden. Sie regt Lernprozesse an, stärkt Eigenverantwortung und Autonomie und steigert die Berufszufriedenheit. Allerdings birgt die Förderung von Reflexivität im Rahmen der Lehrkräftebildung einige Schwierigkeiten und trotz nunmehr über 40 Jahren theoretischer sowie empirischer Erörterung bleiben bis heute auch verschiedene Fragen unbeantwortet. Im Beitrag werden auf Grundlage der aktuellen Diskussion das Konzept der Reflexion sowie Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Förderung von Reflexivität dargelegt und es wird aufgezeigt, welche besonderen Herausforderungen der Lehrberuf hierbei birgt. Abschließend wird erörtert, welche aktuellen Forschungslücken und -desiderate bestehen.
Nested complementation plays an important role in expressing counter- i.e. star-free and first-order definable languages and their hierarchies. In addition, methods that compile phonological rules into finite-state networks use double-nested complementation or “double negation”. This paper reviews how the double-nested complementation extends to a relatively new operation, generalized restriction (GR), coined by the author (Yli-Jyrä and Koskenniemi 2004). This operation encapsulates a double-nested complementation and elimination of a concatenation marker, diamond, whose finite occurrences align concatenations in the arguments of the operation. The paper demonstrates that the GR operation has an interesting potential in expressing regular languages, various kinds of grammars, bimorphisms and relations. This motivates a further study of optimized implementation of the operator.
Generalized Two-Level Grammar (GTWOL) provides a new method for compilation of parallel replacement rules into transducers. The current paper identifies the role of generalized lenient composition (GLC) in this method. Thanks to the GLC operation, the compilation method becomes bipartite and easily extendible to capture various application modes. In the light of three notions of obligatoriness, a modification to the compilation method is proposed. We argue that the bipartite design makes implementation of parallel obligatoriness, directionality, length and rank based application modes extremely easy, which is the main result of the paper.
The border between Germany and Poland today is undisputed and definite, and thought to promote great co-operation and a culture of good-neighbourliness. Relations between the two governments are progressing nicely. But public opinion and behaviour are still lagging behind. The author describes how thought and emotions on the Polish side are still influenced by memories of the past, especially of the German occupation during the Second World War, and the slow pace of progress in overcoming that memory. He shows that the "shadows of history" have strongly influenced Polish politics in the context of German reunification. Special emphasis is given to the role of the Catholic Church in the controversial debate on the relations towards Germany in the 1950s and 1960s.
In this paper, we present a finite-state approach to constituency and therewith an analysis of coordination phenomena involving so-called non-constituents. We show that non-constituents can be seen as parts of fully-fledged constituents and therefore be coordinated in the same way. We have implemented an algorithm based on finite state automata that generates an LFG grammar assigning valid analyses to non-constituent coordination structures in the German language.
Bei Kindern mit Sprachentwicklungsstörungen (SES) können sich Symptome auf sprachlich-funktionaler Ebene sehr variabel auf die kommunikative Partizipation im Alltag auswirken. Kommunikative Partizipation wird definiert als sprachlich-kommunikatives Teilnehmen an Lebenssituationen, in denen Wissen, Informationen, Ideen oder Gefühle ausgetauscht werden. Der deutschsprachige ‚Fokus auf den Erfolg der Kommunikation für Kinder unter sechs Jahren‘ (FOCUS©-34-G) ist ein evaluierter Fragebogen zur Fremdeinschätzung der kommunikativen Partizipation von Kindern (1;6 bis 5;11 Jahre). Ziel unserer Studie war die Untersuchung der Auswirkungen einer SES auf die kommunikative Partizipation betroffener Kinder im Alter zwischen 2;0 und 4;11 Jahren anhand des FOCUS©-34-G. Eltern von Kindern mit SES füllten den FOCUS©-34-G sowie einen Demografie-Bogen aus. Es konnten erste Daten von 22 Kindern (16 Jungen) im Alter zwischen 2;7 und 3;11 (M = 3;3 Jahre, SD = 0;4 Jahre) erhoben werden. Im FOCUS©-34-G erreichten Kinder mit SES einen Gesamtwert zwischen 54 und 197 (M = 120.55, SD = 40.91) von 238 maximal möglichen Punkten. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen eine eingeschränkte kommunikative Partizipation von Kindern mit SES, die es in einer ICF-CY-orientierten sprachtherapeutischen Intervention zu beachten gilt. Als klinisches Assessmentinstrument kann der FOCUS©-34-G als Kurzversion des FOCUS©-G als geeignet angesehen werden.
Predictability of hydrologic response at the plot and catchment scales: Role of initial conditions
(2004)
This paper examines the effect of uncertain initial soil moisture on hydrologic response at the plot scale (1 m2) and the catchment scale (3.6 km2) in the presence of threshold transitions between matrix and preferential flow. We adopt the concepts of microstates and macrostates from statistical mechanics. The microstates are the detailed patterns of initial soil moisture that are inherently unknown, while the macrostates are specified by the statistical distributions of initial soil moisture that can be derived from the measurements typically available in field experiments. We use a physically based model and ensure that it closely represents the processes in the Weiherbach catchment, Germany. We then use the model to generate hydrologic response to hypothetical irrigation events and rainfall events for multiple realizations of initial soil moisture microstates that are all consistent with the same macrostate. As the measures of uncertainty at the plot scale we use the coefficient of variation and the scaled range of simulated vertical bromide transport distances between realizations. At the catchment scale we use similar statistics derived from simulated flood peak discharges. The simulations indicate that at both scales the predictability depends on the average initial soil moisture state and is at a minimum around the soil moisture value where the transition from matrix to macropore flow occurs. The predictability increases with rainfall intensity. The predictability increases with scale with maximum absolute errors of 90 and 32% at the plot scale and the catchment scale, respectively. It is argued that even if we assume perfect knowledge on the processes, the level of detail with which one can measure the initial conditions along with the nonlinearity of the system will set limits to the repeatability of experiments and limits to the predictability of models at the plot and catchment scales.
Integration of digital elevation models and satellite images to investigate geological processes.
(2006)
In order to better understand the geological boundary conditions for ongoing or past surface processes geologists face two important questions: 1) How can we gain additional knowledge about geological processes by analyzing digital elevation models (DEM) and satellite images and 2) Do these efforts present a viable approach for more efficient research. Here, we will present case studies at a variety of scales and levels of resolution to illustrate how we can substantially complement and enhance classical geological approaches with remote sensing techniques. Commonly, satellite and DEM based studies are being used in a first step of assessing areas of geologic interest. While in the past the analysis of satellite imagery (e.g. Landsat TM) and aerial photographs was carried out to characterize the regional geologic characteristics, particularly structure and lithology, geologists have increasingly ventured into a process-oriented approach. This entails assessing structures and geomorphic features with a concept that includes active tectonics or tectonic activity on time scales relevant to humans. In addition, these efforts involve analyzing and quantifying the processes acting at the surface by integrating different remote sensing and topographic data (e.g. SRTM-DEM, SSM/I, GPS, Landsat 7 ETM, Aster, Ikonos…). A combined structural and geomorphic study in the hyperarid Atacama desert demonstrates the use of satellite and digital elevation data for assessing geological structures formed by long-term (millions of years) feedback mechanisms between erosion and crustal bending (Zeilinger et al., 2005). The medium-term change of landscapes during hundred thousands to millions years in a more humid setting is shown in an example from southern Chile. Based on an analysis of rivers/watersheds combined with landscapes parameterization by using digital elevation models, the geomorphic evolution and change in drainage pattern in the coastal Cordillera can be quantified and put into the context of seismotectonic segmentation of a tectonically active region. This has far-reaching implications for earthquake rupture scenarios and hazard mitigation (K. Rehak, see poster on IMAF Workshop). Two examples illustrate short-term processes on decadal, centennial and millennial time scales: One study uses orogen scale precipitation gradients derived from remotely sensed passive microwave data (Bookhagen et al., 2005a). They demonstrate how debris flows were triggered as a response of slopes to abnormally strong rainfall in the interior parts of the Himalaya during intensified monsoons. The area of the orogen that receives high amounts of precipitation during intensified monsoons also constitutes numerous landslide deposits of up to 1km<sup>3 volume that were generated during intensified monsoon phase at about 27 and 9 ka (Bookhagen et al., 2005b). Another project in the Swiss Alps compared sets of aerial photographs recorded in different years. By calculating high resolution surfaces the mass transport in a landslide could be reconstructed (M. Schwab, Universität Bern). All these examples, although representing only a short and limited selection of projects using remote sense data in geology, have as a common approach the goal to quantify geological processes. With increasing data resolution and new sensors future projects will even enable us to recognize more patterns and / or structures indicative of geological processes in tectonically active areas. This is crucial for the analysis of natural hazards like earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides, as well as those hazards that are related to climatic variability. The integration of remotely sensed data at different spatial and temporal scales with field observations becomes increasingly important. Many of presently highly populated places and increasingly utilized regions are subject to significant environmental pressure and often constitute areas of concentrated economic value. Combined remote sensing and ground-truthing in these regions is particularly important as geologic, seismicity and hydrologic data may be limited here due to the recency of infrastructural development. Monitoring ongoing processes and evaluating the remotely sensed data in terms of recurrence of events will greatly enhance our ability to assess and mitigate natural hazards. <hr> Dokument 1: Foliensatz | Dokument 2: Abstract <hr> Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Musterdynamik und Angewandte Fernerkundung Workshop vom 9. - 10. Februar 2006
In this talk, I would like to share my experiences gained from participating in four CSP solver competitions and the second ASP solver competition. In particular, I’ll talk about how various programming techniques can make huge differences in solving some of the benchmark problems used in the competitions. These techniques include global constraints, table constraints, and problem-specific propagators and labeling strategies for selecting variables and values. I’ll present these techniques with experimental results from B-Prolog and other CLP(FD) systems.
Rezensiertes Werk: Wirths, Johannes: Geographie als Sozialwissenschaft!? : über Theorie-Probleme in der jüngeren deutschsprachigen Humangeographie / Johannes Wirths. Gesamthochschulbibliothek Kassel. - Kassel : GhK, 2001. - 361 S. - (Urbs et regio ; 72) Zugl.: Bonn, Univ., Diss., 1999 ISBN 3-89792-040-9
Seit den 1980er Jahren nehmen die neuen sozialen Bewegungen in Lateinamerika an Bedeutung rapide zu. Nachhaltige Transformationsprozesse auszulösen steht dabei seit den 1990er Jahren – in Zeiten neoliberaler Globalisierung und steigender Armut – im Zentrum gesellschaftlichen Handelns. Doch, angesichts der bestehenden globalen Strukturen, wie groß ist das Potenzial der neuen Welle sozialer Kräfte wirklich?
Im Rahmen der Förderung sozialer Teilhabe von Schüler:innen im Unterricht benötigen Lehrkräfte Reflexionskompetenzen, die es ihnen ermöglichen, mit den damit verbundenen Antinomien umzugehen. Davon ausgehend wird in diesem Beitrag ein Lehr-/Lernkonzept vorgestellt, welches auf die Förderung von Lehramtsstudierenden im Sinne einer reflexiven Inklusion abzielt. Der Fokus liegt auf dem Einsatz der Methode des Lauten Denkens, welches die Denk- und Problemlösungsprozesse der Studierenden beim Schauen von Unterrichtsvideos introspektiv erfasst. Das laut Gedachte wird anschließend für Metareflexionen genutzt. Inwiefern damit (fehlende) erfahrungsbasierte und wissenschaftliche Formen pädagogischen Wissens thematisiert und prozessbegleitend begegnet werden können, um eine Entwicklung von kritisch-reflexiven Kompetenzen zu fördern, wurde in einer Pilotphase im Rahmen eines Seminars erprobt. Ergänzend wurde die Anwendung des Lauten Denkens bei einzelnen Studierenden videographiert. Dazu werden erste Ergebnisse vorgestellt und ein Ausblick auf die weitere Nutzung und Erforschung der Methode für die Förderung von Reflexionsprozessen bei Lehramtsstudierenden im Seminarkontext gegeben.