004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik
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Institute
- Institut für Informatik und Computational Science (111) (remove)
Erstsemester-Studierende sind mit den Anforderungen des Lehr-/ Lernprozess einer Universität oder Fachhochschule noch nicht vertraut. Ihre Erwartungen orientieren sich vielmehr an ihrer bisherigen Lerngeschichte (Abitur, Fachabitur, o. ä.). Neben den fachlichen Anforderungen des ersten Semesters müssen die Studierenden also auch Veränderungen im Lehr-/Lernprozess erkennen und bewältigen. Es wird anhand einer Output-orientierten
informatischen Lehrveranstaltung aufgezeigt, dass sich aus deren strengen Anforderungen der Messbarkeit klare Kompetenzbeschreibungen ergeben, die besonders dem Orientierungsbedürfnis Erstsemester-Studierender entgegenkommen.
Die Arbeitswelt im Fokus
(2015)
Für Bachelor-Studierende der Wirtschaftsinformatik im zweiten Semester an der Fachhochschule Kiel werden im Modul Informationsmanagement neben klassischen didaktischen Ansätzen in einer seminaristischen Unterrichtsform so genannte „Aktivbausteine“ eingesetzt: Studierende erhalten zum einen die Gelegenheit, sich im Kontakt mit Fach- und Führungskräften aus der Industrie ein konkretes Bild vom Beruf der Wirtschaftsinformatikerin bzw. des Wirtschaftsinformatikers zu machen; zum anderen erarbeiten sie innovative Ansätze der Prozessverbesserung aus Sicht der IT oder mit Nutzenpotenzial für die IT und präsentieren ihre Ergebnisse öffentlich im Rahmen des Kieler Prozessmanagementforums. Diese Aktivbausteine dienen insbesondere der Berufsfeldorientierung: Durch die Informationen, die die Studierenden über die Anforderungen und Tätigkeiten von im Beruf stehenden Menschen erhalten, werden sie in die Lage versetzt, fundierte Entscheidungen bzgl. ihrer Studiengestaltung und Berufswahl zu treffen. Im Beitrag wird die Konzeption der Bausteine vorgestellt und deren Grad der Zielerreichung durch aktuelle Evaluationsergebnisse erläutert. Zudem wird die motivationale Wirkung der Aktivbausteine anhand der Theorie der Selbstbestimmung von Deci und Ryan [DR1985, DR1993, DR2004] erläutert.
Es wird ein umfassendes Mentoring Konzept im Studiengang Informatik an der RWTH Aachen vorgestellt, das den Übergang von der Schule zur Universität unterstützt und gleichzeitig beim Auftreten von Schwierigkeiten im Verlauf des Studiums effiziente und kompetente Beratung bietet. Das Programm erreicht durchgängig hohe Akzeptanzwerte bei den Studierenden trotz verpflichtender Teilnahme im ersten Semester. Die Wirksamkeit des Programms ist durch die zahlreichen einflussgebenden Variablen zwar rein quantitativ kaum messbar, die Möglichkeit auf organisatorische und fachliche Probleme eines Jahrgangs reagieren zu können sowie einen Einblick auf die Gründe für einen Studienabbruch zu bekommen, bestätigt aber die Notwendigkeit der Maßnahme.
Peer Assessment ist eine Methode, bei der die Teilnehmer eine gestellte Aufgabe nicht nur bearbeiten und einreichen, sondern – in einer zweiten Phase – diese auch gegenseitig überprüfen, kommentieren und bewerten. Durch diese Methode wird, auch in sehr großen Veranstaltungen, das Üben mit individuellen Bewertungen und individuellem Feedback möglich.
Im Wintersemester 2013/14 wurde dieser Ansatz in der Erstsemesterveranstaltung Programmieren an der Technischen Hochschule Nürnberg mit 340 Studierenden als semesterbegleitendes Online-Pflichtpraktikum erprobt. Bei gleichen Leistungsanforderungen wurde bei Studierenden, die erfolgreich am Praktikum teilnahmen, eine Reduzierung der Durchfallquote um durchschnittlich 60 % und eine Verbesserung der Durchschnittsnote um 0,6 – 0,9 Notenstufen erzielt. Zudem lernten die teilnehmenden Studierenden kontinuierlicher, bereiteten Lerninhalte besser nach und gelangten zu einer überwiegend positiven Einschätzung des Praktikums und der Methode. Im E-Learning System Moodle kann Peer Assessment, mit moderatem Umsetzungs- und Betreuungsaufwand, mit der Workshop-Aktivität realisiert werden. Im Beitrag wird auf die Schlüsselelemente des erfolgreichen Einsatzes von Peer Assessment eingegangen.
IT EnGAGES!
(2015)
Durch den Einsatz von Spielen und Spielelementen in Lernkontexten wird versucht, Lernende zur Beschäftigung mit den Lerninhalten zu motivieren. Spielerische Elemente haben allerdings nicht nur positive motivationale Effekte: Sie können sich beispielsweise negativ auf die intrinsische Motivation auswirken, und auch nicht jeder Lernende spielt gerne. Um negativen Einflüssen von Gamification entgegenzuwirken, wurde ein Toolkit für adaptierbare Lernumgebungen entwickelt. Damit erzeugte Lernumgebungen erlauben es Studierenden, den Grad der Gamification selbst zu bestimmen, indem Spielelemente an- und abgeschaltet werden. Im Rahmen einer Anfängerprogrammiervorlesung wurden Lernspielaufgaben aus den existierenden, optionalen interaktiven eTests entwickelt und Studierenden als zusätzliche Lerngelegenheit angeboten. Eine erste explorative Studie bestätigt die Vermutung, dass die Akzeptanz des adaptierbaren Lernspiels sehr hoch ist, es aber dennoch Studierende gibt, welche die Lernumgebung ohne Spielelemente durcharbeiten. Somit bietet adaptierbare Gamification verschiedenen Studierenden die Möglichkeit, sich zusätzliche motivationale Anreize durch Zuschalten von Spielelementen zu verschaffen, ohne dabei zum Spielen „genötigt“ zu werden.
Die Studieneingangsphase stellt für Studierende eine Schlüsselphase des tertiären Ausbildungsabschnitts dar. Fachwissenschaftliches Wissen wird praxisfern vermittelt und die Studierenden können die Zusammenhänge zwischen den Themenfeldern der verschiedenen Vorlesungen nicht erkennen. Zur Verbesserung der Situation wurde ein Workshop entwickelt, der die Verbindung der Programmierung und der Datenstrukturen vertieft. Dabei wird das Spiel Go-Moku1 als Android-App von den Studierenden selbständig entwickelt. Die Kombination aus Software (Java, Android-SDK) und Hardware (Tablet-Computer) für ein kleines realistisches Softwareprojekt stellt für die Studierenden eine neue Erfahrung dar.
This document presents a formula selection system for classical first order theorem proving based on the relevance of formulae for the proof of a conjecture. It is based on unifiability of predicates and is also able to use a linguistic approach for the selection. The scope of the technique is the reduction of the set of formulae and the increase of the amount of provable conjectures in a given time. Since the technique generates a subset of the formula set, it can be used as a preprocessor for automated theorem proving. The document contains the conception, implementation and evaluation of both selection concepts. While the one concept generates a search graph over the negation normal forms or Skolem normal forms of the given formulae, the linguistic concept analyses the formulae and determines frequencies of lexemes and uses a tf-idf weighting algorithm to determine the relevance of the formulae. Though the concept is built for first order logic, it is not limited to it. The concept can be used for higher order and modal logik, too, with minimal adoptions. The system was also evaluated at the world championship of automated theorem provers (CADE ATP Systems Competition, CASC-24) in combination with the leanCoP theorem prover and the evaluation of the results of the CASC and the benchmarks with the problems of the CASC of the year 2012 (CASC-J6) show that the concept of the system has positive impact to the performance of automated theorem provers. Also, the benchmarks with two different theorem provers which use different calculi have shown that the selection is independent from the calculus. Moreover, the concept of TEMPLAR has shown to be competitive to some extent with the concept of SinE and even helped one of the theorem provers to solve problems that were not (or slower) solved with SinE selection in the CASC. Finally, the evaluation implies that the combination of the unification based and linguistic selection yields more improved results though no optimisation was done for the problems.
This document presents an axiom selection technique for classic first order theorem proving based on the relevance of axioms for the proof of a conjecture. It is based on unifiability of predicates and does not need statistical information like symbol frequency. The scope of the technique is the reduction of the set of axioms and the increase of the amount of provable conjectures in a given time. Since the technique generates a subset of the axiom set, it can be used as a preprocessor for automated theorem proving. This technical report describes the conception, implementation and evaluation of ARDE. The selection method, which is based on a breadth-first graph search by unifiability of predicates, is a weakened form of the connection calculus and uses specialised variants or unifiability to speed up the selection. The implementation of the concept is evaluated with comparison to the results of the world championship of theorem provers of the year 2012 (CASC J6). It is shown that both the theorem prover leanCoP which uses the connection calculus and E which uses equality reasoning, can benefit from the selection approach. Also, the evaluation shows that the concept is applyable for theorem proving problems with thousands of formulae and that the selection is independent from the calculus used by the theorem prover.
The objective and motivation behind this research is to provide applications with easy-to-use interfaces to communities of deaf and functionally illiterate users, which enables them to work without any human assistance. Although recent years have witnessed technological advancements, the availability of technology does not ensure accessibility to information and communication technologies (ICT). Extensive use of text from menus to document contents means that deaf or functionally illiterate can not access services implemented on most computer software. Consequently, most existing computer applications pose an accessibility barrier to those who are unable to read fluently. Online technologies intended for such groups should be developed in continuous partnership with primary users and include a thorough investigation into their limitations, requirements and usability barriers. In this research, I investigated existing tools in voice, web and other multimedia technologies to identify learning gaps and explored ways to enhance the information literacy for deaf and functionally illiterate users. I worked on the development of user-centered interfaces to increase the capabilities of deaf and low literacy users by enhancing lexical resources and by evaluating several multimedia interfaces for them. The interface of the platform-independent Italian Sign Language (LIS) Dictionary has been developed to enhance the lexical resources for deaf users. The Sign Language Dictionary accepts Italian lemmas as input and provides their representation in the Italian Sign Language as output. The Sign Language dictionary has 3082 signs as set of Avatar animations in which each sign is linked to a corresponding Italian lemma. I integrated the LIS lexical resources with MultiWordNet (MWN) database to form the first LIS MultiWordNet(LMWN). LMWN contains information about lexical relations between words, semantic relations between lexical concepts (synsets), correspondences between Italian and sign language lexical concepts and semantic fields (domains). The approach enhances the deaf users’ understanding of written Italian language and shows that a relatively small set of lexicon can cover a significant portion of MWN. Integration of LIS signs with MWN made it useful tool for computational linguistics and natural language processing. The rule-based translation process from written Italian text to LIS has been transformed into service-oriented system. The translation process is composed of various modules including parser, semantic interpreter, generator, and spatial allocation planner. This translation procedure has been implemented in the Java Application Building Center (jABC), which is a framework for extreme model driven design (XMDD). The XMDD approach focuses on bringing software development closer to conceptual design, so that the functionality of a software solution could be understood by someone who is unfamiliar with programming concepts. The transformation addresses the heterogeneity challenge and enhances the re-usability of the system. For enhancing the e-participation of functionally illiterate users, two detailed studies were conducted in the Republic of Rwanda. In the first study, the traditional (textual) interface was compared with the virtual character-based interactive interface. The study helped to identify usability barriers and users evaluated these interfaces according to three fundamental areas of usability, i.e. effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. In another study, we developed four different interfaces to analyze the usability and effects of online assistance (consistent help) for functionally illiterate users and compared different help modes including textual, vocal and virtual character on the performance of semi-literate users. In our newly designed interfaces the instructions were automatically translated in Swahili language. All the interfaces were evaluated on the basis of task accomplishment, time consumption, System Usability Scale (SUS) rating and number of times the help was acquired. The results show that the performance of semi-literate users improved significantly when using the online assistance. The dissertation thus introduces a new development approach in which virtual characters are used as additional support for barely literate or naturally challenged users. Such components enhanced the application utility by offering a variety of services like translating contents in local language, providing additional vocal information, and performing automatic translation from text to sign language. Obviously, there is no such thing as one design solution that fits for all in the underlying domain. Context sensitivity, literacy and mental abilities are key factors on which I concentrated and the results emphasize that computer interfaces must be based on a thoughtful definition of target groups, purposes and objectives.
Cloud computing is a model for enabling on-demand access to a shared pool of computing resources. With virtually limitless on-demand resources, a cloud environment enables the hosted Internet application to quickly cope when there is an increase in the workload. However, the overhead of provisioning resources exposes the Internet application to periods of under-provisioning and performance degradation. Moreover, the performance interference, due to the consolidation in the cloud environment, complicates the performance management of the Internet applications. In this dissertation, we propose two approaches to mitigate the impact of the resources provisioning overhead. The first approach employs control theory to scale resources vertically and cope fast with workload. This approach assumes that the provider has knowledge and control over the platform running in the virtual machines (VMs), which limits it to Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS) providers. The second approach is a customer-side one that deals with the horizontal scalability in an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) model. It addresses the trade-off problem between cost and performance with a multi-goal optimization solution. This approach finds the scale thresholds that achieve the highest performance with the lowest increase in the cost. Moreover, the second approach employs a proposed time series forecasting algorithm to scale the application proactively and avoid under-utilization periods. Furthermore, to mitigate the interference impact on the Internet application performance, we developed a system which finds and eliminates the VMs suffering from performance interference. The developed system is a light-weight solution which does not imply provider involvement. To evaluate our approaches and the designed algorithms at large-scale level, we developed a simulator called (ScaleSim). In the simulator, we implemented scalability components acting as the scalability components of Amazon EC2. The current scalability implementation in Amazon EC2 is used as a reference point for evaluating the improvement in the scalable application performance. ScaleSim is fed with realistic models of the RUBiS benchmark extracted from the real environment. The workload is generated from the access logs of the 1998 world cup website. The results show that optimizing the scalability thresholds and adopting proactive scalability can mitigate 88% of the resources provisioning overhead impact with only a 9% increase in the cost.