004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik
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Digital Platforms (DPs) has established themself in recent years as a central concept of the Information Technology Science. Due to the great diversity of digital platform concepts, clear definitions are still required. Furthermore, DPs are subject to dynamic changes from internal and external factors, which pose challenges for digital platform operators, developers and customers. Which current digital platform research directions should be taken to address these challenges remains open so far. The following paper aims to contribute to this by outlining a systematic literature review (SLR) on digital platform concepts in the context of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for manufacturing companies and provides a basis for (1) a selection of definitions of current digital platform and ecosystem concepts and (2) a selection of current digital platform research directions. These directions are diverted into (a) occurrence of digital platforms, (b) emergence of digital platforms, (c) evaluation of digital platforms, (d) development of digital platforms, and (e) selection of digital platforms.
Working conditions of knowledge workers have been subject to rapid change recently. Digital nomadism is no longer a phenomenon that relates only to entrepreneurs, freelancers, and gig workers. Corporate employees, too, have begun to uncouple their work from stationary (home) offices and 9-to-5 schedules. However, pursuing a permanent job in a corporate environment is still subject to fundamentally different values than postulated by the original notion of digital nomadism. Therefore, this paper explores the work identity of what is referred to as ‘corporate nomads’. By drawing on identity theory and the results of semi-structured interviews, the paper proposes a conceptualization of the corporate nomad archetype and presents nine salient identity issues of corporate nomads (e.g., holding multiple contradictory identities, the flexibility paradox, or collaboration constraints). By introducing the ‘corporate nomad’ archetype to the Information Systems literature, this article helps to rethink established conceptions of “home office” and socio-spatial configurations of knowledge work.
In virtual collaboration at the workplace, a growing number of teams apply supportive conversational agents (CAs). They take on different work-related tasks for teams and single users such as scheduling meetings or stimulating creativity. Previous research merely focused on these positive aspects of introducing CAs at the workplace, omitting ethical challenges faced by teams using these often artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled technologies. Thus, on the one hand, CAs can present themselves as benevolent teammates, but on the other hand, they can collect user data, reduce worker autonomy, or foster social isolation by their service. In this work, we conducted 15 expert interviews with senior researchers from the fields of ethics, collaboration, and computer science in order to derive ethical guidelines for introducing CAs in virtual team collaboration. We derived 14 guidelines and seven research questions to pave the way for future research on the dark sides of human–agent interaction in organizations.
Digital transformation fundamentally changes the way individuals conduct work in organisations. In accordance with this statement, prevalent literature understands digital workplace transformation as a second-order effect of implementing new information technology to increase organisational effectiveness or reach other strategic goals. This paper, in contrast, provides empirical evidence from two remote-first organisations that undergo a proactive rather than reactive digital workplace transformation. The analysis of these cases suggests that new ways of working can be the consequence of an identity change that is a precondition for introducing new information technology rather than its outcome. The resulting process model contributes a competing argument to the existing debate in digital transformation literature. Instead of issuing digital workplace transformation as a deliverable of technological progress and strategic goals, this paper supports a notion of digital workplace transformation that serves a desired identity based on work preferences.
Diversity is a term that is broadly used and challenging for informatics research, development and education. Diversity concerns may relate to unequal participation, knowledge and methodology, curricula, institutional planning etc. For a lot of these areas, measures, guidelines and best practices on diversity awareness exist. A systemic, sustainable impact of diversity measures on informatics is still largely missing. In this paper I explore what working with diversity and gender concepts in informatics entails, what the main challenges are and provide thoughts for improvement. The paper includes definitions of diversity and intersectionality, reflections on the disciplinary basis of informatics and practical implications of integrating diversity in informatics research and development. In the final part, two concepts from the social sciences and the humanities, the notion of “third space”/hybridity and the notion of “feminist ethics of care”, serve as a lens to foster more sustainable ways of working with diversity in informatics.
Informatikstudiengänge verzeichnen hohe Abbruchquoten innerhalb der ersten beiden Semester, die häufig mit Leistungsdefiziten oder Motivationsproblemen begründet werden. Eine Ursache dafür, dass trotz intensiver Bemühungen um bessere Lehre und motivationsfördernde Maßnahmen diese Situation imWesentlichen unverändert bleibt, könnte darin liegen, dass nicht die eine Maßnahme oder der eine Ansatz das Problem im Ganzen lösen kann, sondern dass eine heterogene Studierendenschaft vielmehr nach unterschiedlichen Maßnahmen verlangt. Bisher findet sich wenig Forschung zu differenzierten Studierendentypen in der Informatik. Wir stellen in dieser Arbeit einen Ansatz dafür vor, die Heterogenität der Informatikstudierenden zu ergründen, und beschreiben die Ergebnisse erster Versuche mit diesem Ansatz. Um die große Anzahl von Studierenden auf eine überschaubare Anzahl von Typen mit jeweils ähnlichen Bedürfnissen und Erwartungen zu reduzieren, wird dazu die im Produktmanagement bewährte Personas-Methode adaptiert. Im Rahmen einer Befragung von 170 Informatikstudierenden konnten hierzu bereits einige Personas mit unterschiedlichen Merkmalshäufungen ausgearbeitet werden, die eine gute Grundlage darstellen, um auf dieser Basis differenzierte Interventionen zur Förderung und Motivation der Informatikstudierenden zu entwickeln.
Forschendes Lernen ist eine Lehr-Lernform, in der Studierende einen eigenen Forschungsprozess vollständig durchlaufen. In Informatikstudiengängen und insbesondere in Informatikbachelorstudiengängen ist die Forschungsorientierung allerdings nur gering ausgeprägt: Forschendes Lernen wird kaum eingesetzt, obwohl dies möglich und sinnvoll ist. Dieser Artikel stellt ein Konzept für ein Seminar Software Engineering im Bachelorstudium vor und beschreibt dessen Durchführung. Abschließend wird das Konzept diskutiert und sowohl aus Studierenden- als auch aus Lehrendensicht positiv evaluiert.
Ethical issues surrounding modern computing technologies play an increasingly important role in the public debate. Yet, ethics still either doesn’t appear at all or only to a very small extent in computer science degree programs. This paper provides an argument for the value of ethics beyond a pure responsibility perspective and describes the positive value of ethical debate for future computer scientists. It also provides a systematic analysis of the module handbooks of 67 German universities and shows that there is indeed a lack of ethics in computer science education. Finally, we present a principled design of a compulsory course for undergraduate students.
Viele Studieneingangs- und Eignungstests haben zum Ziel, für den entsprechenden Studiengang geeignete Studierende zu finden, die das Studium erfolgreich beenden können. Gerade in der Informatik ist aber häufig unklar, welche Eigenschaften geeignete Studierende haben sollten – auch stimmen mutmaßlich nicht alle Dozierenden in ihren Erwartungen an Studienanfänger*innen überein; Untersuchungen hierzu fehlen jedoch bislang. Um die Erwartungen von Dozent*innen an Studienanfänger*innen im Fach Informatik an deutschen Hochschulen zu analysieren, hat das Projekt MINTFIT im Sommer 2019 eine deutschlandweite Online-Befragung durchgeführt, an der 588 Hochschuldozent* innen aus allen Bundesländern teilnahmen. Die Umfrage hat gezeigt, dass überwiegend allgemeine Fähigkeiten, wie Motivation und logisches Denkvermögen, und nur wenig fachliches Vorwissen, wie Programmieren oder Formale Sprache, erwartet wird. Nach Einschätzung der Dozent*innen sind die problembehafteten Bereiche überwiegend in der theoretischen Informatik und in formellen Aspekten (z. B. Formale Sprache) zu finden. Obwohl Tendenzen erkennbar sind, zeigt die Umfrage, dass bei Anwendung strenger Akzeptanzkriterien keine Fähigkeiten und Kenntnisse explizit vorausgesetzt werden, was darauf hindeutet, dass noch kein deutschlandweiter Konsens unter den Lehrenden vorhanden ist.
RailChain
(2023)
The RailChain project designed, implemented, and experimentally evaluated a juridical recorder that is based on a distributed consensus protocol. That juridical blockchain recorder has been realized as distributed ledger on board the advanced TrainLab (ICE-TD 605 017) of Deutsche Bahn.
For the project, a consortium consisting of DB Systel, Siemens, Siemens Mobility, the Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, TÜV Rheinland InterTraffic, and Spherity has been formed. These partners not only concentrated competencies in railway operation, computer science, regulation, and approval, but also combined experiences from industry, research from academia, and enthusiasm from startups.
Distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) define distributed databases and express a digital protocol for transactions between business partners without the need for a trusted intermediary. The implementation of a blockchain with real-time requirements for the local network of a railway system (e.g., interlocking or train) allows to log data in the distributed system verifiably in real-time. For this, railway-specific assumptions can be leveraged to make modifications to standard blockchains protocols.
EULYNX and OCORA (Open CCS On-board Reference Architecture) are parts of a future European reference architecture for control command and signalling (CCS, Reference CCS Architecture – RCA). Both architectural concepts outline heterogeneous IT systems with components from multiple manufacturers. Such systems introduce novel challenges for the approved and safety-relevant CCS of railways which were considered neither for road-side nor for on-board systems so far. Logging implementations, such as the common juridical recorder on vehicles, can no longer be realized as a central component of a single manufacturer. All centralized approaches are in question.
The research project RailChain is funded by the mFUND program and gives practical evidence that distributed consensus protocols are a proper means to immutably (for legal purposes) store state information of many system components from multiple manufacturers. The results of RailChain have been published, prototypically implemented, and experimentally evaluated in large-scale field tests on the advanced TrainLab. At the same time, the project showed how RailChain can be integrated into the road-side and on-board architecture given by OCORA and EULYNX.
Logged data can now be analysed sooner and also their trustworthiness is being increased. This enables, e.g., auditable predictive maintenance, because it is ensured that data is authentic and unmodified at any point in time.