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VERITAS and Fermi-LAT Observations of TeV Gamma-Ray Sources Discovered by HAWC in the 2HWC Catalog
(2018)
Abeysekara, A. U. ; Archer, A. ; Benbow, Wystan ; Bird, Ralph ; Brose, Robert ; Buchovecky, M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Chromey, A. J. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, Wei ; Daniel, M. K. ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Qi ; Finley, John P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, Amy ; Huetten, M. ; Hanna, David ; Hervet, O. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, Caitlin A. ; Kaaret, Philip ; Kar, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, David ; Krause, M. ; Krennrich, F. ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Lin, T. T. Y. ; McArthur, S. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, Reshmi ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, Adam Nepomuk ; Park, Nahee ; Petrashyk, A. ; Pohl, Martin ; Pueschel, Elisa ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, Gregory T. ; Roache, E. ; Rulten, C. ; Sadeh, I. ; Santander, Marcos ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, Karlen ; Sushch, I. ; Tyler, J. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wells, R. M. ; Wilcox, P. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Williamson, T. J. ; Zitzer, B. ; Abdollahi, S. ; Ajello, Marco ; Baldini, Luca ; Barbiellini, G. ; Bastieri, Denis ; Bellazzini, Ronaldo ; Berenji, B. ; Bissaldi, Elisabetta ; Blandford, R. D. ; Bonino, R. ; Bottacini, E. ; Brandt, Terri J. ; Bruel, P. ; Buehler, R. ; Cameron, R. A. ; Caputo, R. ; Caraveo, P. A. ; Castro, D. ; Cavazzuti, E. ; Charles, Eric ; Chiaro, G. ; Ciprini, S. ; Cohen-Tanugi, Johann ; Costantin, D. ; Cutini, S. ; de Palma, F. ; Di Lalla, N. ; Di Mauro, M. ; Di Venere, L. ; Dominguez, A. ; Favuzzi, C. ; Fegan, S. J. ; Franckowiak, Anna ; Fukazawa, Yasushi ; Funk, Stefan ; Fusco, Piergiorgio ; Gargano, Fabio ; Gasparrini, Dario ; Giglietto, Nicola ; Giordano, F. ; Giroletti, Marcello ; Green, D. ; Grenier, I. A. ; Guillemot, L. ; Guiriec, Sylvain ; Hays, Elizabeth ; Hewitt, John W. ; Horan, D. ; Johannesson, G. ; Kensei, S. ; Kuss, M. ; Larsson, Stefan ; Latronico, L. ; Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne ; Li, J. ; Longo, Francesco ; Loparco, Francesco ; Lovellette, M. N. ; Lubrano, Pasquale ; Magill, Jeffrey D. ; Maldera, Simone ; Mazziotta, Mario Nicola ; McEnery, J. E. ; Michelson, P. F. ; Mitthumsiri, W. ; Mizuno, Tsunefumi ; Monzani, Maria Elena ; Morselli, Aldo ; Moskalenko, Igor V. ; Negro, M. ; Nuss, E. ; Ojha, R. ; Omodei, Nicola ; Orienti, M. ; Orlando, E. ; Palatiello, M. ; Paliya, Vaidehi S. ; Paneque, D. ; Perkins, Jeremy S. ; Persic, M. ; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa ; Petrosian, Vahe' ; Piron, F. ; Porter, Troy A. ; Principe, G. ; Raino, S. ; Rando, Riccardo ; Rani, B. ; Razzano, Massimilano ; Razzaque, Soebur ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, Olaf ; Reposeur, T. ; Sgro, C. ; Siskind, E. J. ; Spandre, Gloria ; Spinelli, P. ; Suson, D. J. ; Tajima, Hiroyasu ; Thayer, J. B. ; Thompson, David J. ; Torres, Diego F. ; Tosti, Gino ; Troja, Eleonora ; Valverde, J. ; Vianello, Giacomo ; Vogel, M. ; Wood, K. ; Yassine, M. ; Alfaro, R. ; Alvarez, C. ; Alvarez, J. D. ; Arceo, R. ; Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C. ; Rojas, D. Avila ; Ayala Solares, H. A. ; Becerril, A. ; Belmont-Moreno, E. ; BenZvi, S. Y. ; Bernal, A. ; Braun, J. ; Brisbois, C. ; Caballero-Mora, K. S. ; Capistran, T. ; Carraminana, A. ; Casanova, Sabrina ; Castillo, M. ; Cotti, U. ; Cotzomi, J. ; Coutino de Leon, S. ; De Leon, C. ; De la Fuente, E. ; Dichiara, S. ; Dingus, B. L. ; DuVernois, M. A. ; Diaz-Velez, J. C. ; Engel, K. ; Enriquez-Rivera, O. ; Fiorino, D. W. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Fraija, N. ; Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A. ; Garfias, F. ; Gonzalez Munoz, A. ; Gonzalez, M. M. ; Goodman, J. A. ; Hampel-Arias, Z. ; Harding, J. P. ; Hernandez, S. ; Hernandez-Almada, A. ; Hona, B. ; Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F. ; Hui, C. M. ; Huntemeyer, P. ; Iriarte, A. ; Jardin-Blicq, A. ; Joshi, V. ; Kaufmann, S. ; Lara, A. ; Lauer, R. J. ; Lee, W. H. ; Lennarz, D. ; Leon Vargas, H. ; Linnemann, J. T. ; Longinotti, A. L. ; Luis-Raya, G. ; Luna-Garcia, R. ; Lopez-Coto, R. ; Malone, K. ; Marinelli, S. S. ; Martinez, O. ; Martinez-Castellanos, I. ; Martinez-Castro, J. ; Martinez-Huerta, H. ; Matthews, J. A. ; Miranda-Romagnoli, P. ; Moreno, E. ; Mostafa, M. ; Nayerhoda, A. ; Nellen, L. ; Newbold, M. ; Nisa, M. U. ; Noriega-Papaqui, R. ; Pelayo, R. ; Pretz, J. ; Perez-Perez, E. G. ; Ren, Z. ; Rho, C. D. ; Riviere, C. ; Rosa-Gonzalez, D. ; Rosenberg, M. ; Ruiz-Velasco, E. ; Salazar, H. ; Greus, F. Salesa ; Sandoval, A. ; Schneider, M. ; Arroyo, M. Seglar ; Sinnis, G. ; Smith, A. J. ; Springer, R. W. ; Surajbali, P. ; Taboada, Ignacio ; Tibolla, O. ; Tollefson, K. ; Torres, I. ; Ukwatta, Tilan N. ; Villasenor, L. ; Weisgarber, T. ; Westerhoff, Stefan ; Wisher, I. G. ; Wood, J. ; Yapici, Tolga ; Yodh, G. ; Zepeda, A. ; Zhou, H.
The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) collaboration recently published their 2HWC catalog, listing 39 very high energy (VHE; >100 GeV) gamma-ray sources based on 507 days of observation. Among these, 19 sources are not associated with previously known teraelectronvolt (TeV) gamma-ray sources. We have studied 14 of these sources without known counterparts with VERITAS and Fermi-LAT. VERITAS detected weak gamma-ray emission in the 1 TeV-30 TeV band in the region of DA 495, a pulsar wind nebula coinciding with 2HWC J1953+294, confirming the discovery of the source by HAWC. We did not find any counterpart for the selected 14 new HAWC sources from our analysis of Fermi-LAT data for energies higher than 10 GeV. During the search, we detected gigaelectronvolt (GeV) gamma-ray emission coincident with a known TeV pulsar wind nebula, SNR G54.1+0.3 (VER J1930+188), and a 2HWC source, 2HWC J1930+188. The fluxes for isolated, steady sources in the 2HWC catalog are generally in good agreement with those measured by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. However, the VERITAS fluxes for SNR G54.1+0.3, DA 495, and TeV J2032+4130 are lower than those measured by HAWC, and several new HAWC sources are not detected by VERITAS. This is likely due to a change in spectral shape, source extension, or the influence of diffuse emission in the source region.
Archambault, S. ; Aune, T. ; Behera, B. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Berger, K. ; Bird, R. ; Biteau, Jonathan ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cardenzana, J. V. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chen, Xuhui ; Ciupik, L. ; Connolly, M. P. ; Cui, Wei ; Dumm, J. ; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; Federici, Simone ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fleischhack, H. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Griffin, S. ; Griffiths, S. T. ; Grube, J. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Khassen, Y. ; Kieda, D. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; McCann, A. ; Meagher, K. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, Daniel ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Pohl, Martin ; Popkow, A. ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Rajotte, J. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Staszak, D. ; Telezhinsky, Igor O. ; Tucci, J. V. ; Tyler, J. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Vincent, S. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Welsing, R. ; Wilhelm, Alina ; Williams, D. A. ; Ackermann, Margit ; Ajello, M. ; Albert, A. ; Baldini, L. ; Bastieri, D. ; Bellazzini, R. ; Bissaldi, E. ; Bregeon, Johan ; Buehler, R. ; Buson, S. ; Caliandro, G. A. ; Cameron, R. A. ; Caraveo, P. A. ; Cavazzuti, E. ; Charles, E. ; Chiang, J. ; Ciprini, S. ; Claus, R. ; Cutini, S. ; de Angelis, A. ; de Palma, F. ; Dermer, C. D. ; Digel, S. W. ; Di Venere, L. ; Drell, P. S. ; Favuzzi, C. ; Franckowiak, A. ; Fusco, P. ; Gargano, F. ; Gasparrini, D. ; Giglietto, N. ; Giordano, F. ; Giroletti, M. ; Grenier, I. A. ; Guiriec, S. ; Jogler, T. ; Kuss, M. ; Larsson, S. ; Latronico, L. ; Longo, F. ; Loparco, F. ; Lubrano, P. ; Madejski, G. M. ; Mayer, M. ; Mazziotta, Mario Nicola ; Michelson, P. F. ; Mizuno, T. ; Monzani, M. E. ; Morselli, Aldo ; Murgia, S. ; Nuss, E. ; Ohsugi, T. ; Ormes, J. F. ; Paneque, D. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Piron, F. ; Pivato, G. ; Raino, S. ; Razzano, M. ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, Olaf ; Ritz, S. ; Schaal, M. ; Sgro, C. ; Siskind, E. J. ; Spinelli, P. ; Takahashi, H. ; Tibaldo, L. ; Tinivella, M. ; Troja, E. ; Vianello, G. ; Werner, M. ; Wood, M.
We present deep VERITAS observations of the blazar PKS 1424+240, along with contemporaneous Fermi Large Area Telescope, Swift X-ray Telescope, and Swift UV Optical Telescope data between 2009 February 19 and 2013 June 8. This blazar resides at a redshift of z >= 0.6035, displaying a significantly attenuated gamma-ray flux above 100 GeV due to photon absorption via pair-production with the extragalactic background light. We present more than 100 hr of VERITAS observations over three years, a multiwavelength light curve, and the contemporaneous spectral energy distributions. The source shows a higher flux of (2.1 +/- 0.3) x 10(-7) photons m(-2) s(-1) above 120 GeV in 2009 and 2011 as compared to the flux measured in 2013, corresponding to (1.02 +/- 0.08) x 10-7 photons m(-2) s(-1) above 120 GeV. The measured differential very high energy (VHE; E >= 100 GeV) spectral indices are Gamma = 3.8 +/- 0.3, 4.3 +/- 0.6 and 4.5 +/- 0.2 in 2009, 2011, and 2013, respectively. No significant spectral change across the observation epochs is detected. We find no evidence for variability at gamma-ray opacities of greater than tau = 2, where it is postulated that any variability would be small and occur on timescales longer than a year if hadronic cosmic-ray interactions with extragalactic photon fields provide a secondary VHE photon flux. The data cannot rule out such variability due to low statistics.
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