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Acciari, V. A. ; Aliu, E. ; Araya, M. ; Arlen, T. ; Aune, T. ; Beilicke, M. ; Benbow, W. ; Bradbury, S. M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Bugaev, V. ; Byrum, K. ; Cannon, A. ; Cesarini, A. ; Ciupik, L. ; Collins-Hughes, E. ; Cui, W. ; Dickherber, R. ; Duke, C. ; Falcone, A. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gall, D. ; Godambe, S. ; Griffin, S. ; Guenette, R. ; Gyuk, G. ; Hanna, D. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Hui, C. M. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Imran, A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M. ; Krawczynski, H. ; Krennrich, F. ; Madhavan, A. S. ; Maier, G. ; Majumdar, P. ; McArthur, S. ; Moriarty, P. ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Pandel, D. ; Park, N. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pohl, Martin ; Prokoph, H. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rose, H. J. ; Saxon, D. B. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Sentuerk, G. D. ; Smith, A. W. ; Tesic, G. ; Theiling, M. ; Thibadeau, S. ; Varlotta, A. ; Vincent, S. ; Vivier, M. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Ward, J. E. ; Weekes, T. C. ; Weinstein, A. ; Weisgarber, T. ; Weng, S. ; Williams, D. A. ; Wood, M. ; Zitzer, B.
Giant X-ray outbursts, with luminosities of about 10(37) erg s(-1), are observed roughly every five years from the nearby Be/pulsar binary 1A 0535+262. In this article, we present observations of the source with VERITAS at very high energies (VHEs; E > 100 GeV) triggered by the X-ray outburst in 2009 December. The observations started shortly after the onset of the outburst and provided comprehensive coverage of the episode, as well as the 111 day binary orbit. No VHE emission is evident at any time. We also examined data from the contemporaneous observations of 1A 0535+262 with the Fermi/Large Area Telescope at high-energy photons (E > 0.1 GeV) and failed to detect the source at GeV energies. The X-ray continua measured with the Swift/X-Ray Telescope and the RXTE/PCA can be well described by the combination of blackbody and Comptonized emission from thermal electrons. Therefore, the gamma-ray and X-ray observations suggest the absence of a significant population of non-thermal particles in the system. This distinguishes 1A 0535+262 from those Be X-ray binaries (such as PSR B1259-63 and LS I +61 degrees 303) that have been detected at GeV-TeV energies. We discuss the implications of the results on theoretical models.
The selaginella genome identifies genetic changes associated with the evolution of vascular plants
(2011)
Banks, Jo Ann ; Nishiyama, Tomoaki ; Hasebe, Mitsuyasu ; Bowman, John L. ; Gribskov, Michael ; dePamphilis, Claude ; Albert, Victor A. ; Aono, Naoki ; Aoyama, Tsuyoshi ; Ambrose, Barbara A. ; Ashton, Neil W. ; Axtell, Michael J. ; Barker, Elizabeth ; Barker, Michael S. ; Bennetzen, Jeffrey L. ; Bonawitz, Nicholas D. ; Chapple, Clint ; Cheng, Chaoyang ; Correa, Luiz Gustavo Guedes ; Dacre, Michael ; DeBarry, Jeremy ; Dreyer, Ingo ; Elias, Marek ; Engstrom, Eric M. ; Estelle, Mark ; Feng, Liang ; Finet, Cedric ; Floyd, Sandra K. ; Frommer, Wolf B. ; Fujita, Tomomichi ; Gramzow, Lydia ; Gutensohn, Michael ; Harholt, Jesper ; Hattori, Mitsuru ; Heyl, Alexander ; Hirai, Tadayoshi ; Hiwatashi, Yuji ; Ishikawa, Masaki ; Iwata, Mineko ; Karol, Kenneth G. ; Koehler, Barbara ; Kolukisaoglu, Uener ; Kubo, Minoru ; Kurata, Tetsuya ; Lalonde, Sylvie ; Li, Kejie ; Li, Ying ; Litt, Amy ; Lyons, Eric ; Manning, Gerard ; Maruyama, Takeshi ; Michael, Todd P. ; Mikami, Koji ; Miyazaki, Saori ; Morinaga, Shin-ichi ; Murata, Takashi ; Müller-Röber, Bernd ; Nelson, David R. ; Obara, Mari ; Oguri, Yasuko ; Olmstead, Richard G. ; Onodera, Naoko ; Petersen, Bent Larsen ; Pils, Birgit ; Prigge, Michael ; Rensing, Stefan A. ; Mauricio Riano-Pachon, Diego ; Roberts, Alison W. ; Sato, Yoshikatsu ; Scheller, Henrik Vibe ; Schulz, Burkhard ; Schulz, Christian ; Shakirov, Eugene V. ; Shibagaki, Nakako ; Shinohara, Naoki ; Shippen, Dorothy E. ; Sorensen, Iben ; Sotooka, Ryo ; Sugimoto, Nagisa ; Sugita, Mamoru ; Sumikawa, Naomi ; Tanurdzic, Milos ; Theissen, Guenter ; Ulvskov, Peter ; Wakazuki, Sachiko ; Weng, Jing-Ke ; Willats, William W. G. T. ; Wipf, Daniel ; Wolf, Paul G. ; Yang, Lixing ; Zimmer, Andreas D. ; Zhu, Qihui ; Mitros, Therese ; Hellsten, Uffe ; Loque, Dominique ; Otillar, Robert ; Salamov, Asaf ; Schmutz, Jeremy ; Shapiro, Harris ; Lindquist, Erika ; Lucas, Susan ; Rokhsar, Daniel ; Grigoriev, Igor V.
Vascular plants appeared similar to 410 million years ago, then diverged into several lineages of which only two survive: the euphyllophytes (ferns and seed plants) and the lycophytes. We report here the genome sequence of the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii (Selaginella), the first nonseed vascular plant genome reported. By comparing gene content in evolutionarily diverse taxa, we found that the transition from a gametophyte- to a sporophyte-dominated life cycle required far fewer new genes than the transition from a nonseed vascular to a flowering plant, whereas secondary metabolic genes expanded extensively and in parallel in the lycophyte and angiosperm lineages. Selaginella differs in posttranscriptional gene regulation, including small RNA regulation of repetitive elements, an absence of the trans-acting small interfering RNA pathway, and extensive RNA editing of organellar genes.
Brodeur, Abel ; Mikola, Derek ; Cook, Nikolai ; Brailey, Thomas ; Briggs, Ryan ; Gendre, Alexandra de ; Dupraz, Yannick ; Fiala, Lenka ; Gabani, Jacopo ; Gauriot, Romain ; Haddad, Joanne ; Lima, Goncalo ; Ankel-Peters, Jörg ; Dreber, Anna ; Campbell, Douglas ; Kattan, Lamis ; Fages, Diego Marino ; Mierisch, Fabian ; Sun, Pu ; Wright, Taylor ; Connolly, Marie ; Hoces de la Guardia, Fernando ; Johannesson, Magnus ; Miguel, Edward ; Vilhuber, Lars ; Abarca, Alejandro ; Acharya, Mahesh ; Adjisse, Sossou Simplice ; Akhtar, Ahwaz ; Lizardi, Eduardo Alberto Ramirez ; Albrecht, Sabina ; Andersen, Synve Nygaard ; Andlib, Zubaria ; Arrora, Falak ; Ash, Thomas ; Bacher, Etienne ; Bachler, Sebastian ; Bacon, Félix ; Bagues, Manuel ; Balogh, Timea ; Batmanov, Alisher ; Barschkett, Mara ; Basdil, B. Kaan ; Dower, Jaromneda ; Castek, Ondrej ; Caviglia-Harris, Jill ; Strand, Gabriella Chauca ; Chen, Shi ; Chzhen, Asya ; Chung, Jong ; Collins, Jason ; Coppock, Alexander ; Cordeau, Hugo ; Couillard, Ben ; Crechet, Jonathan ; Crippa, Lorenzo ; Cui, Jeanne ; Czymara, Christian ; Daarstad, Haley ; Dao, Danh Chi ; Dao, Dong ; Schmandt, Marco David ; Linde, Astrid de ; Melo, Lucas De ; Deer, Lachlan ; Vera, Micole De ; Dimitrova, Velichka ; Dollbaum, Jan Fabian ; Dollbaum, Jan Matti ; Donnelly, Michael ; Huynh, Luu Duc Toan ; Dumbalska, Tsvetomira ; Duncan, Jamie ; Duong, Kiet Tuan ; Duprey, Thibaut ; Dworschak, Christoph ; Ellingsrud, Sigmund ; Elminejad, Ali ; Eissa, Yasmine ; Erhart, Andrea ; Etingin-Frati, Giulian ; Fatemi-Pour, Elaheh ; Federice, Alexa ; Feld, Jan ; Fenig, Guidon ; Firouzjaeiangalougah, Mojtaba ; Fleisje, Erlend ; Fortier-Chouinard, Alexandre ; Engel, Julia Francesca ; Fries, Tilman ; Fortier, Reid ; Fréchet, Nadjim ; Galipeau, Thomas ; Gallegos, Sebastián ; Gangji, Areez ; Gao, Xiaoying ; Garnache, Cloé ; Gáspár, Attila ; Gavrilova, Evelina ; Ghosh, Arijit ; Gibney, Garreth ; Gibson, Grant ; Godager, Geir ; Goff, Leonard ; Gong, Da ; González, Javier ; Gretton, Jeremy ; Griffa, Cristina ; Grigoryeva, Idaliya ; Grtting, Maja ; Guntermann, Eric ; Guo, Jiaqi ; Gugushvili, Alexi ; Habibnia, Hooman ; Häffner, Sonja ; Hall, Jonathan D. ; Hammar, Olle ; Kordt, Amund Hanson ; Hashimoto, Barry ; Hartley, Jonathan S. ; Hausladen, Carina I. ; Havránek, Tomáš ; Hazen, Jacob ; He, Harry ; Hepplewhite, Matthew ; Herrera-Rodriguez, Mario ; Heuer, Felix ; Heyes, Anthony ; Ho, Anson T. Y. ; Holmes, Jonathan ; Holzknecht, Armando ; Hsu, Yu-Hsiang Dexter ; Hu, Shiang-Hung ; Huang, Yu-Shiuan ; Huebener, Mathias ; Huber, Christoph ; Huynh, Kim P. ; Irsova, Zuzana ; Isler, Ozan ; Jakobsson, Niklas ; Frith, Michael James ; Jananji, Raphaël ; Jayalath, Tharaka A. ; Jetter, Michael ; John, Jenny ; Forshaw, Rachel Joy ; Juan, Felipe ; Kadriu, Valon ; Karim, Sunny ; Kelly, Edmund ; Dang, Duy Khanh Hoang ; Khushboo, Tazia ; Kim, Jin ; Kjellsson, Gustav ; Kjelsrud, Anders ; Kotsadam, Andreas ; Korpershoek, Jori ; Krashinsky, Lewis ; Kundu, Suranjana ; Kustov, Alexander ; Lalayev, Nurlan ; Langlois, Audrée ; Laufer, Jill ; Lee-Whiting, Blake ; Leibing, Andreas ; Lenz, Gabriel ; Levin, Joel ; Li, Peng ; Li, Tongzhe ; Lin, Yuchen ; Listo, Ariel ; Liu, Dan ; Lu, Xuewen ; Lukmanova, Elvina ; Luscombe, Alex ; Lusher, Lester R. ; Lyu, Ke ; Ma, Hai ; Mäder, Nicolas ; Makate, Clifton ; Malmberg, Alice ; Maitra, Adit ; Mandas, Marco ; Marcus, Jan ; Margaryan, Shushanik ; Márk, Lili ; Martignano, Andres ; Marsh, Abigail ; Masetto, Isabella ; McCanny, Anthony ; McManus, Emma ; McWay, Ryan ; Metson, Lennard ; Kinge, Jonas Minet ; Mishra, Sumit ; Mohnen, Myra ; Möller, Jakob ; Montambeault, Rosalie ; Montpetit, Sébastien ; Morin, Louis-Philippe ; Morris, Todd ; Moser, Scott ; Motoki, Fabio ; Muehlenbachs, Lucija ; Musulan, Andreea ; Musumeci, Marco ; Nabin, Munirul ; Nchare, Karim ; Neubauer, Florian ; Nguyen, Quan M. P. ; Nguyen, Tuan ; Nguyen-Tien, Viet ; Niazi, Ali ; Nikolaishvili, Giorgi ; Nordstrom, Ardyn ; Nü, Patrick ; Odermatt, Angela ; Olson, Matt ; ien, Henning ; Ölkers, Tim ; Vert, Miquel Oliver i. ; Oral, Emre ; Oswald, Christian ; Ousman, Ali ; Özak, Ömer ; Pandey, Shubham ; Pavlov, Alexandre ; Pelli, Martino ; Penheiro, Romeo ; Park, RyuGyung ; Martel, Eva Pérez ; Petrovičová, Tereza ; Phan, Linh ; Prettyman, Alexa ; Procházka, Jakub ; Putri, Aqila ; Quandt, Julian ; Qiu, Kangyu ; Nguyen, Loan Quynh Thi ; Rahman, Andaleeb ; Rea, Carson H. ; Reiremo, Adam ; Renée, Laëtitia ; Richardson, Joseph ; Rivers, Nicholas ; Rodrigues, Bruno ; Roelofs, William ; Roemer, Tobias ; Rogeberg, Ole ; Rose, Julian ; Roskos-Ewoldsen, Andrew ; Rosmer, Paul ; Sabada, Barbara ; Saberian, Soodeh ; Salamanca, Nicolas ; Sator, Georg ; Sawyer, Antoine ; Scates, Daniel ; Schlüter, Elmar ; Sells, Cameron ; Sen, Sharmi ; Sethi, Ritika ; Shcherbiak, Anna ; Sogaolu, Moyosore ; Soosalu, Matt ; Srensen, Erik ; Sovani, Manali ; Spencer, Noah ; Staubli, Stefan ; Stans, Renske ; Stewart, Anya ; Stips, Felix ; Stockley, Kieran ; Strobel, Stephenson ; Struby, Ethan ; Tang, John ; Tanrisever, Idil ; Yang, Thomas Tao ; Tastan, Ipek ; Tatić, Dejan ; Tatlow, Benjamin ; Seuyong, Féraud Tchuisseu ; Thériault, Rémi ; Thivierge, Vincent ; Tian, Wenjie ; Toma, Filip-Mihai ; Totarelli, Maddalena ; Tran, Van-Anh ; Truong, Hung ; Tsoy, Nikita ; Tuzcuoglu, Kerem ; Ubfal, Diego ; Villalobos, Laura ; Walterskirchen, Julian ; Wang, Joseph Taoyi ; Wattal, Vasudha ; Webb, Matthew D. ; Weber, Bryan ; Weisser, Reinhard ; Weng, Wei-Chien ; Westheide, Christian ; White, Kimberly ; Winter, Jacob ; Wochner, Timo ; Woerman, Matt ; Wong, Jared ; Woodard, Ritchie ; Wroński, Marcin ; Yazbeck, Myra ; Yang, Gustav Chung ; Yap, Luther ; Yassin, Kareman ; Ye, Hao ; Yoon, Jin Young ; Yurris, Chris ; Zahra, Tahreen ; Zaneva, Mirela ; Zayat, Aline ; Zhang, Jonathan ; Zhao, Ziwei ; Yaolang, Zhong
This study pushes our understanding of research reliability by reproducing and replicating claims from 110 papers in leading economic and political science journals. The analysis involves computational reproducibility checks and robustness assessments. It reveals several patterns. First, we uncover a high rate of fully computationally reproducible results (over 85%). Second, excluding minor issues like missing packages or broken pathways, we uncover coding errors for about 25% of studies, with some studies containing multiple errors. Third, we test the robustness of the results to 5,511 re-analyses. We find a robustness reproducibility of about 70%. Robustness reproducibility rates are relatively higher for re-analyses that introduce new data and lower for re-analyses that change the sample or the definition of the dependent variable. Fourth, 52% of re-analysis effect size estimates are smaller than the original published estimates and the average statistical significance of a re-analysis is 77% of the original. Lastly, we rely on six teams of researchers working independently to answer eight additional research questions on the determinants of robustness reproducibility. Most teams find a negative relationship between replicators' experience and reproducibility, while finding no relationship between reproducibility and the provision of intermediate or even raw data combined with the necessary cleaning codes.
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