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- acute kidney injury (2)
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Saikin, Anthony ; Jordanova, Vania K. ; Zhang, J. C. ; Smith, C. W. ; Spence, H. E. ; Larsen, B. A. ; Reeves, G. D. ; Torbert, R. B. ; Kletzing, C. A. ; Zhelayskaya, I. S. ; Shprits, Yuri Y.
We perform a statistical study calculating electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave amplitudes based off in situ plasma measurements taken by the Van Allen Probes’ (1.1–5.8 Re) Helium, Oxygen, Proton, Electron (HOPE) instrument. Calculated wave amplitudes are compared to EMIC waves observed by the Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science on board the Van Allen Probes during the same period. The survey covers a 22-month period (1 November 2012 to 31 August 2014), a full Van Allen Probe magnetic local time (MLT) precession. The linear theory proxy was used to identify EMIC wave events with plasma conditions favorable for EMIC wave excitation. Two hundred and thirty-two EMIC wave events (103 H+-band and 129 He+-band) were selected for this comparison. Nearly all events selected are observed beyond L = 4. Results show that calculated wave amplitudes exclusively using the in situ HOPE measurements produce amplitudes too low compared to the observed EMIC wave amplitudes. Hot proton anisotropy (Ahp) distributions are asymmetric in MLT within the inner (L < 7) magnetosphere with peak (minimum) Ahp, ∼0.81 to 1.00 (∼0.62), observed in the dawn (dusk), 0000 < MLT ≤ 1200 (1200 < MLT ≤ 2400), sectors. Measurements of Ahp are found to decrease in the presence of EMIC wave activity. Ahp amplification factors are determined and vary with respect to EMIC wave-band and MLT. He+-band events generally require double (quadruple) the measured Ahp for the dawn (dusk) sector to reproduce the observed EMIC wave amplitudes.
Kunnus, Kristjan ; Josefsson, I. ; Rajkovic, Ivan ; Schreck, Simon ; Quevedo, Wilson ; Beye, Martin ; Weniger, C. ; Gruebel, S. ; Scholz, M. ; Nordlund, D. ; Zhang, W. ; Hartsock, R. W. ; Gaffney, K. J. ; Schlotter, W. F. ; Turner, J. J. ; Kennedy, B. ; Hennies, F. ; de Groot, F. M. F. ; Techert, S. ; Odelius, Michael ; Wernet, Ph. ; Föhlisch, Alexander
We utilized femtosecond time-resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering and ab initio theory to study the transient electronic structure and the photoinduced molecular dynamics of a model metal carbonyl photocatalyst Fe(CO)(5) in ethanol solution. We propose mechanistic explanation for the parallel ultrafast intra-molecular spin crossover and ligation of the Fe(CO)(4) which are observed following a charge transfer photoexcitation of Fe(CO)(5) as reported in our previous study [ Wernet et al., Nature 520, 78 (2015)]. We find that branching of the reaction pathway likely happens in the (1)A(1) state of Fe(CO)(4). A sub-picosecond time constant of the spin crossover from B-1(2) to B-3(2) is rationalized by the proposed B-1(2) -> (1)A(1) -> B-3(2) mechanism. Ultrafast ligation of the B-1(2) Fe(CO)(4) state is significantly faster than the spin-forbidden and diffusion limited ligation process occurring from the B-3(2) Fe(CO)(4) ground state that has been observed in the previous studies. We propose that the ultrafast ligation occurs via B-1(2) -> (1)A(1) -> (1)A'Fe(CO)(4)EtOH pathway and the time scale of the (1)A(1) Fe(CO)(4) state ligation is governed by the solute-solvent collision frequency. Our study emphasizes the importance of understanding the interaction of molecular excited states with the surrounding environment to explain the relaxation pathways of photoexcited metal carbonyls in solution. (C) 2016 Author(s).
Huang, Wentao ; Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume ; Lippert, Peter C. ; van Hinsbergen, Douwe J. J. ; Dekkers, Mark J. ; Guo, Zhaojie ; Waldrip, Ross ; Li, Xiaochun ; Zhang, Xiaoran ; Liu, Dongdong ; Kapp, Paul
Paleomagnetic dating of the India-Asia collision hinges on determining the Paleogene latitude of the Lhasa terrane (southern Tibet). Reported latitudes range from 5 degrees N to 30 degrees N, however, leading to contrasting paleogeographic interpretations. Here we report new data from the Eocene Linzizong volcanic rocks in the Nanmulin Basin, which previously yielded data suggesting a low paleolatitude (similar to 10 degrees N). New zircon U-Pb dates indicate an age of similar to 52Ma. Negative fold tests, however, demonstrate that the isolated characteristic remanent magnetizations, with notably varying inclinations, are not primary. Rock magnetic analyses, end-member modeling of isothermal remanent magnetization acquisition curves, and petrographic observations are consistent with variable degrees of posttilting remagnetization due to low-temperature alteration of primary magmatic titanomagnetite and the formation of secondary pigmentary hematite that unblock simultaneously. Previously reported paleomagnetic data from the Nanmulin Basin implying low paleolatitude should thus not be used to estimate the time and latitude of the India-Asia collision. We show that the paleomagnetic inclinations vary linearly with the contribution of secondary hematite to saturation isothermal remanent magnetization. We tentatively propose a new method to recover a primary remanence with inclination of 38.1 degrees (35.7 degrees, 40.5 degrees) (95% significance) and a secondary remanence with inclination of 42.9 degrees (41.5 degrees,44.4 degrees) (95% significance). The paleolatitude defined by the modeled primary remanence21 degrees N (19.8 degrees N, 23.1 degrees N)is consistent with the regional compilation of published results from pristine volcanic rocks and sedimentary rocks of the upper Linzizong Group corrected for inclination shallowing. The start of the Tibetan Himalaya-Asia collision was situated at similar to 20 degrees N and took place by similar to 50Ma.
Dengler, Jürgen ; Wagner, Viktoria ; Dembicz, Iwona ; Garcia-Mijangos, Itziar ; Naqinezhad, Alireza ; Boch, Steffen ; Chiarucci, Alessandro ; Conradi, Timo ; Filibeck, Goffredo ; Guarino, Riccardo ; Janisova, Monika ; Steinbauer, Manuel J. ; Acic, Svetlana ; Acosta, Alicia T. R. ; Akasaka, Munemitsu ; Allers, Marc-Andre ; Apostolova, Iva ; Axmanova, Irena ; Bakan, Branko ; Baranova, Alina ; Bardy-Durchhalter, Manfred ; Bartha, Sandor ; Baumann, Esther ; Becker, Thomas ; Becker, Ute ; Belonovskaya, Elena ; Bengtsson, Karin ; Benito Alonso, Jose Luis ; Berastegi, Asun ; Bergamini, Ariel ; Bonini, Ilaria ; Bruun, Hans Henrik ; Budzhak, Vasyl ; Bueno, Alvaro ; Antonio Campos, Juan ; Cancellieri, Laura ; Carboni, Marta ; Chocarro, Cristina ; Conti, Luisa ; Czarniecka-Wiera, Marta ; De Frenne, Pieter ; Deak, Balazs ; Didukh, Yakiv P. ; Diekmann, Martin ; Dolnik, Christian ; Dupre, Cecilia ; Ecker, Klaus ; Ermakov, Nikolai ; Erschbamer, Brigitta ; Escudero, Adrian ; Etayo, Javier ; Fajmonova, Zuzana ; Felde, Vivian A. ; Fernandez Calzado, Maria Rosa ; Finckh, Manfred ; Fotiadis, Georgios ; Fracchiolla, Mariano ; Ganeva, Anna ; Garcia-Magro, Daniel ; Gavilan, Rosario G. ; Germany, Markus ; Giladi, Itamar ; Gillet, Francois ; Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro ; Gonzalez, Jose M. ; Grytnes, John-Arvid ; Hajek, Michal ; Hajkova, Petra ; Helm, Aveliina ; Herrera, Mercedes ; Hettenbergerova, Eva ; Hobohm, Carsten ; Huellbusch, Elisabeth M. ; Ingerpuu, Nele ; Jandt, Ute ; Jeltsch, Florian ; Jensen, Kai ; Jentsch, Anke ; Jeschke, Michael ; Jimenez-Alfaro, Borja ; Kacki, Zygmunt ; Kakinuma, Kaoru ; Kapfer, Jutta ; Kavgaci, Ali ; Kelemen, Andras ; Kiehl, Kathrin ; Koyama, Asuka ; Koyanagi, Tomoyo F. ; Kozub, Lukasz ; Kuzemko, Anna ; Kyrkjeeide, Magni Olsen ; Landi, Sara ; Langer, Nancy ; Lastrucci, Lorenzo ; Lazzaro, Lorenzo ; Lelli, Chiara ; Leps, Jan ; Loebel, Swantje ; Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L. ; Maccherini, Simona ; Magnes, Martin ; Malicki, Marek ; Marceno, Corrado ; Mardari, Constantin ; Mauchamp, Leslie ; May, Felix ; Michelsen, Ottar ; Mesa, Joaquin Molero ; Molnar, Zsolt ; Moysiyenko, Ivan Y. ; Nakaga, Yuko K. ; Natcheva, Rayna ; Noroozi, Jalil ; Pakeman, Robin J. ; Palpurina, Salza ; Partel, Meelis ; Paetsch, Ricarda ; Pauli, Harald ; Pedashenko, Hristo ; Peet, Robert K. ; Pielech, Remigiusz ; Pipenbaher, Natasa ; Pirini, Chrisoula ; Pleskova, Zuzana ; Polyakova, Mariya A. ; Prentice, Honor C. ; Reinecke, Jennifer ; Reitalu, Triin ; Pilar Rodriguez-Rojo, Maria ; Rolecek, Jan ; Ronkin, Vladimir ; Rosati, Leonardo ; Rosen, Ejvind ; Ruprecht, Eszter ; Rusina, Solvita ; Sabovljevic, Marko ; Maria Sanchez, Ana ; Savchenko, Galina ; Schuhmacher, Oliver ; Skornik, Sonja ; Sperandii, Marta Gaia ; Staniaszek-Kik, Monika ; Stevanovic-Dajic, Zora ; Stock, Marin ; Suchrow, Sigrid ; Sutcliffe, Laura M. E. ; Swacha, Grzegorz ; Sykes, Martin ; Szabo, Anna ; Talebi, Amir ; Tanase, Catalin ; Terzi, Massimo ; Tolgyesi, Csaba ; Torca, Marta ; Torok, Peter ; Tothmeresz, Bela ; Tsarevskaya, Nadezda ; Tsiripidis, Ioannis ; Tzonev, Rossen ; Ushimaru, Atushi ; Valko, Orsolya ; van der Maarel, Eddy ; Vanneste, Thomas ; Vashenyak, Iuliia ; Vassilev, Kiril ; Viciani, Daniele ; Villar, Luis ; Virtanen, Risto ; Kosic, Ivana Vitasovic ; Wang, Yun ; Weiser, Frank ; Went, Julia ; Wesche, Karsten ; White, Hannah ; Winkler, Manuela ; Zaniewski, Piotr T. ; Zhang, Hui ; Ziv, Yaron ; Znamenskiy, Sergey ; Biurrun, Idoia
GrassPlot is a collaborative vegetation-plot database organised by the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) and listed in the Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases (GIVD ID EU-00-003). GrassPlot collects plot records (releves) from grasslands and other open habitats of the Palaearctic biogeographic realm. It focuses on precisely delimited plots of eight standard grain sizes (0.0001; 0.001;... 1,000 m(2)) and on nested-plot series with at least four different grain sizes. The usage of GrassPlot is regulated through Bylaws that intend to balance the interests of data contributors and data users. The current version (v. 1.00) contains data for approximately 170,000 plots of different sizes and 2,800 nested-plot series. The key components are richness data and metadata. However, most included datasets also encompass compositional data. About 14,000 plots have near-complete records of terricolous bryophytes and lichens in addition to vascular plants. At present, GrassPlot contains data from 36 countries throughout the Palaearctic, spread across elevational gradients and major grassland types. GrassPlot with its multi-scale and multi-taxon focus complements the larger international vegetationplot databases, such as the European Vegetation Archive (EVA) and the global database " sPlot". Its main aim is to facilitate studies on the scale-and taxon-dependency of biodiversity patterns and drivers along macroecological gradients. GrassPlot is a dynamic database and will expand through new data collection coordinated by the elected Governing Board. We invite researchers with suitable data to join GrassPlot. Researchers with project ideas addressable with GrassPlot data are welcome to submit proposals to the Governing Board.
Qu, J. Q. ; Zhang, J. Y. ; Grimsdale, A. C. ; Mullen, K. ; Jaiser, Frank ; Yang, X. H. ; Neher, Dieter
Aggregation of chromophores in the solid state commonly causes undesirable red shifts in the emission spectra and/or emission quenching. To overcome this problem, we have prepared soluble perylenetetracarboxidiimide dyes in which the chromophores are effectively shielded by polyphenylene dendrimers attached in the bay positions. Models show that attachment of the shielding units in the bay position should provide more efficient shielding than attaching them via the imide moieties. The dendrimers possess excellent film-forming properties due to alkyl substituents on their peripheries. The lack of a red shift in emission upon going from solution to the solid state indicates the dendrons suppress interaction of the emissive cores, leading to pure red-orange emission. Single-layer LEDs produce red-orange emission with relatively low efficiency especially for the higher generation dendrons, which is attributed to poor charge conduction. LEDs using blends of the dendrimers and the undendronized dye as a model compound in PVK have been investigated, and a model to extract relative charge injection rates through the dendritic scaffold from the spectral contributions in the EL spectra is developed
ISMIP6 Antarctica
(2020)
Seroussi, Helene ; Nowicki, Sophie ; Payne, Antony J. ; Goelzer, Heiko ; Lipscomb, William H. ; Abe-Ouchi, Ayako ; Agosta, Cecile ; Albrecht, Torsten ; Asay-Davis, Xylar ; Barthel, Alice ; Calov, Reinhard ; Cullather, Richard ; Dumas, Christophe ; Galton-Fenzi, Benjamin K. ; Gladstone, Rupert ; Golledge, Nicholas R. ; Gregory, Jonathan M. ; Greve, Ralf ; Hattermann, Tore ; Hoffman, Matthew J. ; Humbert, Angelika ; Huybrechts, Philippe ; Jourdain, Nicolas C. ; Kleiner, Thomas ; Larour, Eric ; Leguy, Gunter R. ; Lowry, Daniel P. ; Little, Chistopher M. ; Morlighem, Mathieu ; Pattyn, Frank ; Pelle, Tyler ; Price, Stephen F. ; Quiquet, Aurelien ; Reese, Ronja ; Schlegel, Nicole-Jeanne ; Shepherd, Andrew ; Simon, Erika ; Smith, Robin S. ; Straneo, Fiammetta ; Sun, Sainan ; Trusel, Luke D. ; Van Breedam, Jonas ; van de Wal, Roderik S. W. ; Winkelmann, Ricarda ; Zhao, Chen ; Zhang, Tong ; Zwinger, Thomas
Ice flow models of the Antarctic ice sheet are commonly used to simulate its future evolution in response to different climate scenarios and assess the mass loss that would contribute to future sea level rise. However, there is currently no consensus on estimates of the future mass balance of the ice sheet, primarily because of differences in the representation of physical processes, forcings employed and initial states of ice sheet models. This study presents results from ice flow model simulations from 13 international groups focusing on the evolution of the Antarctic ice sheet during the period 2015-2100 as part of the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison for CMIP6 (ISMIP6). They are forced with outputs from a subset of models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), representative of the spread in climate model results. Simulations of the Antarctic ice sheet contribution to sea level rise in response to increased warming during this period varies between 7:8 and 30.0 cm of sea level equivalent (SLE) under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario forcing. These numbers are relative to a control experiment with constant climate conditions and should therefore be added to the mass loss contribution under climate conditions similar to present-day conditions over the same period. The simulated evolution of the West Antarctic ice sheet varies widely among models, with an overall mass loss, up to 18.0 cm SLE, in response to changes in oceanic conditions. East Antarctica mass change varies between 6 :1 and 8.3 cm SLE in the simulations, with a significant increase in surface mass balance outweighing the increased ice discharge under most RCP 8.5 scenario forcings. The inclusion of ice shelf collapse, here assumed to be caused by large amounts of liquid water ponding at the surface of ice shelves, yields an additional simulated mass loss of 28mm compared to simulations without ice shelf collapse. The largest sources of uncertainty come from the climate forcing, the ocean-induced melt rates, the calibration of these melt rates based on oceanic conditions taken outside of ice shelf cavities and the ice sheet dynamic response to these oceanic changes. Results under RCP 2.6 scenario based on two CMIP5 climate models show an additional mass loss of 0 and 3 cm of SLE on average compared to simulations done under present-day conditions for the two CMIP5 forcings used and display limited mass gain in East Antarctica.
Müller, Katharina ; Foerstendorf, Harald ; Steudtner, Robin ; Tsushima, Satoru ; Kumke, Michael Uwe ; Lefèvre, Grégory ; Rothe, Jörg ; Mason, Harris ; Szabó, Zoltán ; Yang, Ping ; Adam, Christian K. R. ; André, Rémi ; Brennenstuhl, Katlen ; Chiorescu, Ion ; Cho, Herman M. ; Creff, Gaëlle ; Coppin, Frédéric ; Dardenne, Kathy ; Den Auwer, Christophe ; Drobot, Björn ; Eidner, Sascha ; Hess, Nancy J. ; Kaden, Peter ; Kremleva, Alena ; Kretzschmar, Jerome ; Krüger, Sven ; Platts, James A. ; Panak, Petra ; Polly, Robert ; Powell, Brian A. ; Rabung, Thomas ; Redon, Roland ; Reiller, Pascal E. ; Rösch, Notker ; Rossberg, André ; Scheinost, Andreas C. ; Schimmelpfennig, Bernd ; Schreckenbach, Georg ; Skerencak-Frech, Andrej ; Sladkov, Vladimir ; Solari, Pier Lorenzo ; Wang, Zheming ; Washton, Nancy M. ; Zhang, Xiaobin
A comprehensive molecular analysis of a simple aqueous complexing system. U(VI) acetate. selected to be independently investigated by various spectroscopic (vibrational, luminescence, X-ray absorption, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and quantum chemical methods was achieved by an international round-robin test (RRT). Twenty laboratories from six different countries with a focus on actinide or geochemical research participated and contributed to this scientific endeavor. The outcomes of this RRT were considered on two levels of complexity: first, within each technical discipline, conformities as well as discrepancies of the results and their sources were evaluated. The raw data from the different experimental approaches were found to be generally consistent. In particular, for complex setups such as accelerator-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy, the agreement between the raw data was high. By contrast, luminescence spectroscopic data turned out to be strongly related to the chosen acquisition parameters. Second, the potentials and limitations of coupling various spectroscopic and theoretical approaches for the comprehensive study of actinide molecular complexes were assessed. Previous spectroscopic data from the literature were revised and the benchmark data on the U(VI) acetate system provided an unambiguous molecular interpretation based on the correlation of spectroscopic and theoretical results. The multimethodologic approach and the conclusions drawn address not only important aspects of actinide spectroscopy but particularly general aspects of modern molecular analytical chemistry.
Zhang, Quanchao ; Rudolph, Tobias ; Benitez, Alejandro J. ; Gould, Oliver E. C. ; Behl, Marc ; Kratz, Karl ; Lendlein, Andreas
Fibrous membranes capable of dynamically responding to external stimuli are highly desirable in textiles and biomedical materials, where adaptive behavior is required to accommodate complex environmental changes. For example, the creation of fabrics with temperature-dependent moisture permeability or self-regulating membranes for air filtration is dependent on the development of materials that exhibit a reversible stimuli-responsive pore size change. Here, by imbuing covalently crosslinked poly(ε-caprolactone) (cPCL) fibrous meshes with a reversible bidirectional shape-memory polymer actuation (rbSMPA) we create a material capable of temperature-controlled changes in porosity. Cyclic thermomechanical testing was used to characterize the mechanical properties of the meshes, which were composed of randomly arranged microfibers with diameters of 2.3 ± 0.6 μm giving an average pore size of approx. 10 μm. When subjected to programming strains of εm = 300% and 100% reversible strain changes of εʹrev = 22% ± 1% and 6% ± 1% were measured, with switching temperature ranges of 10 °C–30 °C and 45 °C–60 °C for heating and cooling, respectively. The rbSMPA of cPCL fibrous meshes generated a microscale reversible pore size change of 11% ± 3% (an average of 1.5 ± 0.6 μm), as measured by scanning electron microscopy. The incorporation of a two-way shape-memory actuation capability into fibrous meshes is anticipated to advance the development and application of smart membrane materials, creating commercially viable textiles and devices with enhanced performance and novel functionality.
Heslop, J. K. ; Winkel, Matthias ; Anthony, K. M. Walter ; Spencer, R. G. M. ; Podgorski, D. C. ; Zito, P. ; Kholodov, A. ; Zhang, M. ; Liebner, Susanne
Permafrost thaw subjects previously frozen organic carbon (OC) to microbial decomposition, generating the greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) and fueling a positive climate feedback. Over one quarter of permafrost OC is stored in deep, ice-rich Pleistocene-aged yedoma permafrost deposits. We used a combination of anaerobic incubations, microbial sequencing, and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry to show yedoma OC biolability increases with depth along a 12-m yedoma profile. In incubations at 3 degrees C and 13 degrees C, GHG production per unit OC at 12-versus 1.3-m depth was 4.6 and 20.5 times greater, respectively. Bacterial diversity decreased with depth and we detected methanogens at all our sampled depths, suggesting that in situ microbial communities are equipped to metabolize thawed OC into CH4. We concurrently observed an increase in the relative abundance of reduced, saturated OC compounds, which corresponded to high proportions of C mineralization and positively correlated with anaerobic GHG production potentials and higher proportions of OC being mineralized as CH4. Taking into account the higher global warming potential (GWP) of CH4 compared to CO2, thawed yedoma sediments in our study had 2 times higher GWP at 12-versus 9.0-m depth at 3 degrees C and 15 times higher GWP at 13 degrees C. Considering that yedoma is vulnerable to processes that thaw deep OC, our findings imply that it is important to account for this increasing GHG production and GWP with depth to better understand the disproportionate impact of yedoma on the magnitude of the permafrost carbon feedback.
Fan, Xuanmei ; Scaringi, Gianvito ; Korup, Oliver ; West, A. Joshua ; van Westen, Cees J. ; Tanyas, Hakan ; Hovius, Niels ; Hales, Tristram C. ; Jibson, Randall W. ; Allstadt, Kate E. ; Zhang, Limin ; Evans, Stephen G. ; Xu, Chong ; Li, Gen ; Pei, Xiangjun ; Xu, Qiang ; Huang, Runqiu
Large earthquakes initiate chains of surface processes that last much longer than the brief moments of strong shaking. Most moderate‐ and large‐magnitude earthquakes trigger landslides, ranging from small failures in the soil cover to massive, devastating rock avalanches. Some landslides dam rivers and impound lakes, which can collapse days to centuries later, and flood mountain valleys for hundreds of kilometers downstream. Landslide deposits on slopes can remobilize during heavy rainfall and evolve into debris flows. Cracks and fractures can form and widen on mountain crests and flanks, promoting increased frequency of landslides that lasts for decades. More gradual impacts involve the flushing of excess debris downstream by rivers, which can generate bank erosion and floodplain accretion as well as channel avulsions that affect flooding frequency, settlements, ecosystems, and infrastructure. Ultimately, earthquake sequences and their geomorphic consequences alter mountain landscapes over both human and geologic time scales. Two recent events have attracted intense research into earthquake‐induced landslides and their consequences: the magnitude M 7.6 Chi‐Chi, Taiwan earthquake of 1999, and the M 7.9 Wenchuan, China earthquake of 2008. Using data and insights from these and several other earthquakes, we analyze how such events initiate processes that change mountain landscapes, highlight research gaps, and suggest pathways toward a more complete understanding of the seismic effects on the Earth's surface.